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Government AP Flashcards

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12457753673wavelengthdistance between the crests or between the troughs of two adjacent waves0
12457813281electromagnetic spectrumgamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light infrared, microwave, radio waves1
12457871465valence electronselectrons in the outermost shell2
12457879795noble gasesgroup 18, all have 8 valence electrons3
12457900495amplitudeheight of a wave4
12457914142troughlowest point of a wave5
12458187120viscositya liquid's resistance to flow6
12458213200nuclear reactionA reaction that involves protons, neutrons and electrons7
12458333052FissionThe splitting of nuclei to release energy8
12458339020FusionCombining of the nuclei9
12458454334gamma radiationHigh-energy radiation emitted by the nuclei of radioactive atoms.10
12458463343alpha particle+2 charge11
12461363125beta particle-1 charge12
12461388272gamma raysno charge13
12461484949electromagnetic radiationa form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space14
12461523823ground stateThe lowest energy state of an atom15
12461554191excited statea state in which an atom has more energy than it does at its ground state16
12463375921Aufbao principlestates that each elecron occupies the lowest energy orbital available17
12463379247Hund's Rulestates that single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals18
12463489554atomic massnumber of protons and neutrons19
12463489555atomic numbernumber of protons20

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