The Great Depression and New Deal - Chapters 11 & 12
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| 108979425 | stock market | A system for buying and selling shares of companies | |
| 108979426 | bank run | A situation in which many depositors simultaneously decide to withdraw money from a bank | |
| 109087536 | margin | the amount of collateral a customer deposits with a broker when borrowing from the broker to buy securities | |
| 109087537 | bull market | a period of increased stock trading and rising stock prices | |
| 109087538 | margin call | Demand by a broker that investors pay back loans made for stocks purchased on margin. | |
| 109087539 | installment | buying high cost items by making a small downpayment and paying off the rest in monthly installments | |
| 109087540 | Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929; the day the stock market crashed. Lead to the Panic of 1929 | |
| 109087541 | speculation | an investment that is very risky but could yield great profits | |
| 109087543 | hobos | homeless people who wandered the country riding the railroads. | |
| 109087544 | Dust Bowl | Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages. | |
| 109087546 | public works | projects built by the government for public use | |
| 109087547 | foreclosed | Loss of property due to nonpayment of the mortgage | |
| 109087548 | relief | the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced | |
| 109087549 | Bonus Army | WWI veterans who marched on Washington demanding their bonus pay before the 1945 due date. | |
| 109087550 | Reconstruction Finance Corporation | RFC was an independant agency of the United States government. It granted over 2 billion dollars to the local and state governments. It was charted under the Herbert Hoover administration. | |
| 109100005 | New Deal | The name of President Roosevelt's program for getting the United States out of the depression | |
| 109100006 | bank holiday | when Franklin D. Roosevelt closed the banks from March 6 to March 10 to keep depositors from bankrupting the banking system by withdrawing all their money. | |
| 109100007 | fireside chats | series of radio talks in which FDR explained his policies in a casual style | |
| 109100008 | Hundred Days | the special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days | |
| 109100009 | Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) | Provided jobs for young men to plant trees, build bridges and parks, and set up flood control projects | |
| 109100010 | Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation(FDIC) | federal guarantee of savings bank deposits (initially up to $2,500; raised to $5,000 in 1934; now $100,000) | |
| 109100011 | Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) | regulated stock market; outlawed insider trading | |
| 109100012 | Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) | paid farmers to lower production and destroy crops; later declared unconstitutional | |
| 109100013 | deficit spending | situation in which a government spends more money than it takes in | |
| 109100014 | sit-down strike | Work stoppage in which workers shut down all machines and refuse to leave a factory until their demands are met. | |
| 109100015 | Social Security Act | 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health | |
| 109100016 | Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | Built dams to provide cheap electric power to seven southern states, set up schools and health centers | |
| 109100017 | recovery | period of renewed economic growth following a recession or depression | |
| 109100018 | reform | to change | |
| 109100019 | Herbert Hoover | president of the U.S from 1923-1933 leader of the US in the beginning of the great depression. He didn't want the gov involved in the peoples lives and thought that the people should express their individual rights. | |
| 109100020 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | Democratic candidate who won the 1932 election by a landslide. He refused to uphold any of Hoover's policies with the intent on enacting his own. He pledged a present a "New Deal" to the American public. | |
| 109100021 | Eleanor Roosevelt | wife of FDR who helped him monitor New Deal programs and became a strong voice for women and minorities | |
| 109100022 | Hoovervilles | shanty-towns that housed many who had lost everything. Shelters were built of old boxes and other discards. | |
| 109100023 | The Grapes of Wrath | The story follows the fortunes of a poor family as they travel from the Dust Bowl region to California. based on the great depression written by John Steinbeck | |
| 109100024 | Hawley-Smoot Tariff | 1930, raised tariffs to the highest level in history, damaged businesses and worsened the depression | |
| 109100025 | Wagner Act | 1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining |
