Terms : Hide Images
| 838288646 | Jacob Riis | in 1890 Riis published "How The Other Half Lives" | 0 | |
| 838288652 | "How the Other Half Lives" | published in 1890 exposing conditions in downtown NY where he described a three-room apt that 6 people shared, with beds filled w/"foul straw" a common feature of urban poverty in the late 19th century | 1 | |
| 838288654 | Thomas Alva Edison | invented the incandescent light bulb in 1879, the dynamo generator, as well as alternating current to transmit power more efficiently | 2 | |
| 838288655 | Andrew Carnegie | rags to riches mastered the telegraph, RR, petroleum, iron, and steel industries and introduced modern management techniques and strict accounting procedures to American manufacturing | 3 | |
| 838288656 | Carnegie Foundation | a private trust where Carnegie left most of his wealth to | 4 | |
| 838288657 | J Edgar Thompson | the Pennsylvania's President, was a pioneer established an elaborate bookkeeping system providing detailed knowledge of every aspect of Pennsylvania's operations. | 5 | |
| 838288658 | Henry Bessemer | worked with Carnegie, patented process for turning iron into steel became available to American Manufacturers | 6 | |
| 838288923 | Gustavus Swift | In the 1800s he enlarged fresh meat markets through branch slaughterhouses and refrigeration. He monopolized the meat industry. | 7 | |
| 838288924 | Philip Armour | Pioneered the shipping of hogs to Chicago for slaughter, canning, and exporting of meat. | 8 | |
| 838288999 | John D. Rockefeller | American industrialist/philanthropist, in 1870, founded the Standard Oil Co. forced rival companies to sell out by drastically lowering his own prices controlled 90% of the oil business(monopolies) became the world's richest man/first U.S. dollar billionaire | 9 | |
| 838289307 | Collis P. Huntington | One of the Big Four with Leland Stanford involved in both railroads/shipping founded Newport News Shipping, the largest privately owned shipyard in the US | 10 | |
| 838289327 | J.P. Morgan | known as the leading financial manipulator of the late 19th century highly successful banker who bought out Carnegie w/Carnegie's holdings he launched U.S Steel and made it the first billion-dollar corporation gave all the money needed for WWI | 11 | |
| 838289714 | Robber Barons | industrialists/big business owners who gained profits by paying their employees low wages drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price | 12 | |
| 838290082 | Vertical Integration | Practice where a single company/entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution (Rockefeller) | 13 | |
| 838290084 | Horizontal Consolidation | the process of bringing together many firms in the same business to form one large company (monopolies) | 14 | |
| 838290085 | Standard Oil | established in 1870, it was a integrated multinational oil corporation lead by Rockefeller formalized as a "trust", an elaborate legal device by which different producers came together under the umbrella of a single company that could police competition internally | 15 | |
| 838290087 | "Scabs" | those who took strikers places, Strikebreakers hired by employers as replacement workers when unions went on strike | 16 | |
| 838290090 | "Middle Class" | ... | 17 | |
| 838290092 | Horatio Alger | Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work | 18 | |
| 838290093 | Sharecropper | A person who works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops | 19 | |
| 838290094 | Exodusters | the African Americans migrating to the Great Plains state (ie: Kansas & Oklahoma) in 1879 to escape conditions in the South | 20 | |
| 838290095 | Overland Trail | A stage coach and wagon trail in American West used as an alternate route in 1860s to Oregon, California, and Mormon | 21 | |
| 838290096 | Central Pacific | (USG), A railroad that started in Sacramento, and connected with the Union Pacific Railroad in Promentary Point, Utah; hired Irish immigrants | 22 | |
| 838290097 | Union Pacific | the railroad company that began building of the transcontinental railroad from its eastern starting point in Omaha, Nebraska OK-westward | 23 | |
| 838290098 | Golden Spike | the last, ceremonial spike marking the completion of a railroad line was the "Last Spike" driven by Leland Stanford to join the rails of the First Transcontinental Railroad across the US connecting the Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads | 24 | |
| 838290660 | Promontory Point | located in Utah, the point where the Union Pacific and Central pacific railroads met to connect the atlantic and pacific states | 25 | |
| 838290661 | Sand Creek | militia slaughtered and scalped 200 friendly Cheyenne Indians In Colorado territory in 1864 | 26 | |
| 838290662 | Lakota | In 1868, this tribe signed a treaty with the government which gave them a reservation on the Black Hills in S Dakota and Wyoming | 27 | |
| 838290665 | Black Kettle | Cheyenne Chief who led efforts to resist American settlements from Kansas to colorado survived the sand creek massacre (where he tried to surrender) but was killed by an army attack led by George Custer | 28 | |
| 838290666 | Fort Laramie Treaty | was one of the last, starting in 1871, the govt. stopped treating the tribes as separate nations they were subject peoples, nothing more | 29 | |
| 838290667 | Medicine Lodge Treaty | signed in Kansas in 1867, organized thousands of indians across the southern plains, in return for government supplies, most of the southern plains peoples restricted themselves to the reservations | 30 | |
| 838290668 | Red Cloud | fought to stop people from traveling west on the Bozeman Trail, in Sioux territory is remembered as a brave warrior for his fight against the government to preserve the Lakota way of life signed the Fort Laramie Treaty | 31 | |
| 838290669 | Reservation Policy | federal policy developed in the Gilded Age to deal with the Indians out West In the 1830s, the US began the removal policy, in which it gave Indians any land they wanted west of the Mississippi forever. | 32 | |
| 838290670 | Nez Perces | an Indian tribe that tried to escape to Canada; they were caught by U.S. soldiers and Chief Joseph surrendered | 33 | |
| 469563356 | Buffalo Bill Cody | Tenement kids cheered romanticized re-creations of the plains wars and loved to see Sitting Bull himself. | 34 | |
| 769644411 | Joel Chandler Harris | Wrote "Uncle Remus" Stories recasting African folk tales with a kindly old slave as their narrator. | 35 | |
| 263433625 | Minstrel Shows | The century's most significant form of public entertainment after politics. During the 1830's and 1840's white performers in black-face dominated minstrel shows. | 36 | |
| 912032010 | J.H. Haverly | Had four touring comedy theaters and houses in four major cities. He toned down the emphasis on black-face singers and plantation themes and added scantily clad women and off-color routines. | 37 | |
| 1312511 | Vaudeville | Featured a variety of acts appealing to a broad audience, and the respectability of a mixed gender audience was one of the distinguishing signs. | 38 | |
| 229130824 | Baseball | In the 1860's it had become a major draw among city dwellers. Every neighborhood had a team. But not until 1869, when the Cincinnati Red Stockings went on tour and charged admission, did baseball become a professional spectator sport with standardized rules. | 39 | |
| 451673050 | National League | The owners of eight baseball clubs had formed a league with all the earmarks of a corporate cartel. | 40 | |
| 82075880 | American Association | Chafing under the restrictions of the National League many players jumped to a new American Association and later tried forming a league of their own. | 41 | |
| 638416185 | Victorian Era | Often stereotyped as an age of sexual repression and cultural conservatism. | 42 | |
| 547171774 | American Medical Association | founded in 1847 campaigned to suppress abortionists and criminalize abortion. They also supported the passage of Comstock law which outlawed the sale of contraceptive devices. | 43 | |
| 260778483 | Josiah Strong | wrote "Our Country" | 44 | |
| 56466564 | Americanization | ... | 45 | |
| 354480295 | Matthew Arnold | An advocate of high culture Wrote "Culture and Anarchy" | 46 | |
| 434875047 | Thomas Wentworth Higginson | An abolitionist and women's rights supporter who saw culture as a defense against materialism. | 47 | |
| 48014866 | Social Darwinism | The concept of survival of the fittest which argued that inequality was the natural order of things. | 48 | |
| 968102072 | William Graham Summer | Was a strong defender of Social Darwinism. | 49 | |
| 24030388 | William Dean Howells | was the author of "The Rise of Silas Lapham" | 50 | |
| 1037556816 | Mark Twain | An author who mocked Wild West Myths, European High Culture, politics, and respectability. | 51 | |
| 420755862 | Isabel Archer | Was a character in the book "Portrait of a Lady" that was written by Henry James. | 52 | |
| 401977529 | Winslow Homer | was the painter of Prisoners from the Front | 53 | |
| 832433905 | Thomas Eakin | Was a painter who was eager to steer clear of romantic sentiment and painted the Gross Clinic. | 54 | |
| 126752583 | The Gross Clinic | Painted by Thomas Eakin | 55 | |
| 53780365 | Henry James | Wrote the book, "Portrait of a Lady" which has a character named Isabel Archer | 56 | |
| 731002814 | Mathew Brady | In the fall of 1862, mounted his exhibit of his Civil War photographs in New York gallery. | 57 | |
| 167431157 | George Eastman | Invented the Kodak, which brought the roll film camera that put the instant "snap-shot" picture within the means of middle class Americans. | 58 | |
| 780808676 | The Brownie | A type of camera that was marketed for children and sold for just a dollar. | 59 | |
| 812930784 | Major Cattle Trails | 1) Chisholm Trail 2) Sedalia Trail 3) Goodnight-Loving Trail 4) Western Trail | 60 | |
| 1042358766 | Reasons Rutherford Fails as President | 1) Method of Haze Election 2) A number of riots 3) Labor Disturbances 4) He refused to be a political puppet 5) Vetoed Anti-Immigration Bill | 61 | |
| 528279966 | Pendleton Civil Service Acts | 1) Established Merit System over the Spoils System 2) Ended assessment of office holders 3) Established a Civil Service Commission 4) Created a competitive Exam 5) Classified 10% of Federal Jobs | 62 | |
| 53424961 | Charles Guiteau | Was a socialist and anarchist Was refused a job in Government Shot Garfield in the back | 63 | |
| 764962067 | Chester Arthur | Becomes President after Garfield "The Patrician" Was a bachelor as President Updated White House China Pushed though legislature to reform Civil Service | 64 | |
| 875999494 | Rutherford B. Hayes | Married to Lucy "Lemonade" Hayes Failure as a President Is a Reformer | 65 | |
| 287469854 | 1876 Split of Republican Party | Stalwarts and Reformers | 66 | |
| 637643808 | "Old eight in Seven" | Democrats nickname for Hayes | 67 | |
| 1035897626 | Dennis Kearney | Segregated Chinese out of public atmosphere | 68 | |
| 684360280 | 1880 Presidential Election | James A. Garfield is Republican Candidate Winfield Scott Hancock is Democratic Candidate Both are Union War Vets | 69 | |
| 659687191 | Jim Crow Laws | Regulated the behavior of Freedman across the Country | 70 | |
| 827754189 | Carpet Baggers | Northerners who went South to profit from reconstruction. | 71 | |
| 635058154 | Scallywags | Southerners who wanted to profit from Reconstruction. | 72 | |
| 29894863 | Populism | Rule of the masses. Attracted the lower classes. | 73 | |
| 96340664 | Dejure Segregation | Segregation by law. | 74 | |
| 722982899 | Defacto Segregation | Segregation by Choice. | 75 | |
| 91725542 | Poll Tax | Paying to Vote to disenfranchise the lower class. | 76 | |
| 679543339 | 1898 - Williams vs. Mississippi | Validated Literacy Test | 77 | |
| 72998913 | 1896 - Plessy vs. Ferguson | Chief Justice Melville Fuller Ruled that segregation laws are within State Powers Separate but Equal | 78 | |
| 586221599 | 1899 - Cumming vs. County Board of Education | School tax could be gathered from all and dispersed as they wanted to white schools. | 79 | |
| 905939759 | Booker T. Washington | Cast down your bucket speech at Atlanta Cottonsgate Expo | 80 | |
| 523193266 | W.E.B. Dubois | Wrote "Souls of Black Folk" Helped Start NAACP | 81 | |
| 738698395 | George Armstrong Custer | 1866, massacred Cheyennes at Washita Creek, Oklahoma. Led an army regiment in to South Dakota after the discovery of gold in the Black Hills in 1974 and the Lakota Indians refused to give up the land. Was slaughtered at Little Bighorn, by 2000 indians led by Crazy Horse. | 82 | |
| 999893675 | Washita Creek | Site where Custer massacred Cheyenes, among who was "Black Kettle" The Army hit the enemy in the winter, destroying soldiers, villages and crops to starve them into submission. | 83 | |
| 235800392 | Black Kettle | Survived the Sand Creek massacre in Colorado and whose influence had brought other tribes to make peace at Medicine Lodge. Slain at Washita Creek | 84 | |
| 737322997 | Lakota | The "greatest light cavalry the world had ever seen" Slaughtered General Custer's men at Little Bighorn. Led by Crazy Horse. | 85 | |
| 785773916 | Crazy Horse | Was the Lakota leader at Little Bighron | 86 | |
| 557050068 | Chief Joseph | Leader of the Nez Perces that almost made it to Canada, but had to agree to return to the reservations. | 87 | |
| 165033847 | Sitting Bull | Gave up in 1881. Did not live to see Wounded Knee | 88 | |
| 219171110 | Wounded Knee | 1890- Fearing that a religious revival movement would stir up rebellion, soldiers gunned down over 200 Native American men, women, and children. | 89 | |
| 1021101098 | Dawes Severalty | Reservation land was broken up into separate plots and distributed among individual families. The goal was to force Indians to live like white farmers. | 90 | |
| 955043046 | Joseph Glidden | Invented barbed wire for fencing | 91 | |
| 966843362 | Resurrectionists | voted in dead men's names | 92 | |
| 966843363 | Colonizers | crossed state lines to vote in crucial elections | 93 | |
| 305249564 | Grand Army of the Republic | Union Veterans' organization, that used speeches including the memory of the war to inflame sectional grievances. Typically supported the Republican Party | 94 | |
| 586002745 | Women's Christian Temperance Union | Emerged in 1873 to battle the ravages of alcohol. Built themselves as protectors of the home. Endorsed Woman's Suffrage. | 95 | |
| 484911588 | Frances Willard | Led the Women's Christian Temperance Union from 1879-1898. | 96 | |
| 33923977 | National American Woman's Suffrage Association | Had only 13000 members compared to the 150,000 of the WCTU. | 97 | |
| 33923978 | Mugwumps | "Liberals" Called for government by professionals and independent agencies. | 98 | |
| 812882391 | National Civil Service Reform League | In 1881, supporters of the good government organized this to prevent political parties from filling government positions. | 99 | |
| 812882392 | American Protection Association | In the 1890's, they threw its weight behind candidates favoring Protestant interests. Died quickly when politicians recognized that they did better by appealing to immigrant voters. | 100 | |
| 185479109 | Greenbacks | paper bills backed by the governments word but not by the traditional reserves of fold or silver | 101 | |
| 185479110 | Resumptionists | people who wanted to return to the gold standard | 102 | |
| 274449646 | Greenback-Labor Party | Peaked in 1878, with over a million votes and 14 congressmen. | 103 | |
| 795767877 | Coinage Act of 1873 | "the crime of '73" Congress legislated silver out of its privileged place, gold in shorter supply, meant a smaller money supply. | 104 | |
| 697545368 | James A. Garfield | Republican President in 1880 Had 48.5 percent of popular vote | 105 | |
| 697545375 | Winfield Hancock | Ran against Garfield as a Democrat, had 48.1 percent of popular vote | 106 | |
| 379410657 | Rutherford B. Hayes | "His Fraudulency" Eleceted Republican President in 1876 | 107 | |
| 239577761 | Samuel J. Tilden | Democratic Candidate in 1876 Election | 108 | |
| 239577766 | Chester A. Arthur | Became President after Garfield was shot. "The product of Conkling's patronage machine became president." | 109 | |
| 701829942 | Pendleton Civil Service Act | Prohibited patronage officeholders from contributing to the party machine that gave them their jobs. Authorized the president to establish a Civil Service commission to administer competitive exams for federal jobs. | 110 | |
| 701829943 | James G. Blaine | Corrupt Republican candidate, James G. Blaine, offended Liberals and gave Democrats a Chance. | 111 | |
| 850134538 | Grover Cleveland | Democrats nominated Governor Grover Cleveland, who was elected after a mud-spattered campaign, complete with anti-Catholic slurs and a scandal about Cleveland's illegitimate child. | 112 | |
| 876594458 | Interstate Commerce Commission | had power to regulate the railroads. promised more in the way of Controlling rates and unfair practices than it could deliver, especially with court decisions hobbling the regulators | 113 | |
| 876594459 | Frances Folsom | Married to Grover Cleveland in a White House wedding | 114 | |
| 537383381 | Benjamin Harrison | Republican Candidate in 1888 that won the Election by Electoral votes. | 115 | |
| 285753432 | Thomas Bracket Reed | "czar" Thomas Brackett Reed led the "Billion Dollar Congress through the new, higher McKinley Tarriff | 116 | |
| 172136859 | McKinley Tarriff | Named for Congressman William McKinley. Gave the President the power to lower tarriffs | 117 | |
| 547442046 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 | Outlawed "combinations" in "restraint of trade," though what precisely that covered was uncertain. | 118 | |
| 795312245 | Henry George | Was born in Philadelphia in 1839 to middle-class parents. Published the book Progress and Poverty. | 119 | |
| 652670875 | Progress and Poverty | Written by Henry George. | 120 | |
| 652670876 | Edward Bellamy | in 1888 published a best selling critique of capitalism even more powerful than Henry George's. | 121 | |
| 75353611 | Looking Backward | Written by Edward Bellamy, was a utopian novel set in the future, where technology had raised the standard of living for all. Catered to a middle-class craving for order amidst the chaos of industrial society. | 122 | |
| 357127621 | Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor | In 1869, the Knights were inspired by the producers' ideology and admitted everyone from self-employed farmers to unskilled factory workers. Supported: Eight hour days, equal pay, abolition of child labor, inflation of the currency, national income tax. | 123 | |
| 357127625 | Haymarket Square | May 4, 1886 at Haymarket Square in Chicago, someone from the crowd of people on strike threw a bomb into a line of police. Eight policemen were killed. Police fired into the crowd, and four more died. | 124 | |
| 835132625 | Patrons of Husbandry | One of the first attempts to organize farmers, generally called the grange. | 125 | |
| 835132626 | The Grange | claimed 1.5 million members by 1874. | 126 | |
| 517210699 | National Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union | "Farmers Alliance" was much more effective than the grange. Founded in 1877, the goal was not to restore rural Jeffersonian simplicity but to bring American farmers into the modern world of industry and prosperity. | 127 | |
| 517210796 | Ocala Platform | 1890, supported a host of new policies that joined economic progress to democratic reform. Called for free coinage of silver, lower tariffs, government sub treasuries, and a constitutional amendment providing for direct election of senators. | 128 | |
| 641487091 | People's Party | A coalition of reform organizations | 129 | |
| 641487094 | Populists | Called for a graduated income tax, direct government ownership of railroads and telegraph lines, and the confiscation of railroad land grants. | 130 | |
| 246921912 | James B. Weaver | Was the People's Party Candidate for the 1892 Election. | 131 | |
| 21029770 | Industries of the New South | 1) Railroads 2)Textile Mills 3) Timber 4) Petroleum 5) Cattle 6) Tobacco 7) Iron and Coal | 132 | |
| 158420459 | Railroads | 1) The Great Northern Railway 2) Union Pacific/Central Pacific Railroad 3)Southern Railroad 4) ATSF Railway 5) Northern Pacific Railway | 133 | |
| 924547700 | Reasons for the Growth of America | 1) Accumulation of Investment Capital 2) Railroads 3) Telegraph 4) Captains of Industry 5) Favorable Legislation | 134 |
