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| 6445459954 | Abigail Adams | she taught herself by reading books int he library of her father, a Congregational minister. One of the revolutionary era's most articulate and influential women. | 0 | |
| 6445459955 | John Adams | a young lawyer who emerged as a leading advocate of resistance to British taxation and, eventually, American Independence | 1 | |
| 6445459956 | American Revolution | 1. a struggle for national independence 2. a phase in a century-long global battle among European empires 3. a conflict over what kind of nation an independent America should be | 2 | |
| 6445459957 | illegitimate | a process not intended by most of the leading patriots | 3 | |
| 6445459958 | democracy | to express the popular aspirations for greater equality inspired by the struggle for independence | 4 | |
| 6445459959 | Thomas Paine | author of Common Sense | 5 | |
| 6445459960 | The People the Best Governors | anonymous pamphlet insinuating that every free man should be eligible to vote and hold office | 6 | |
| 6445459961 | republics | meaning that each states authority rested on the consent of the governed, and that there would be no king or herditary aristocracy | 7 | |
| 6445459962 | Thoughts on Government | written by John Adams which insisted that the new constitutions should create "balanced governments" whose structure would reflect the division of society between the wealthy and ordinary men | 8 | |
| 6445459963 | personal liberty | a position more important than property ownership in defining the boundaries of the political nation | 9 | |
| 6445459964 | The suffrage | declared a 1776 petition of disenfranchised North Carolinians was a right essential to and inseparable from freedom | 10 | |
| 6445459965 | Dissenters | Protestants who belonged to other denominations than the Anglican Church | 11 | |
| 6445459966 | John Carroll | America's first Roman Catholic bishop | 12 | |
| 6445459967 | Notes on the State of Virginia | Thomas Jefferson's rejection of the biblical account of creation in favor of a prolonged process of geological change | 13 | |
| 6445459968 | Christian liberty | submitting to God's will and leading a moral life | 14 | |
| 6445459969 | Establishing Religious Freedom | bill written by Thomas Jefferson that eliminated religious requirements for voting and officeholding and government financial support for churches, and barred the state from forcing individuals to adopt one or another religious outlook | 15 | |
| 6445459970 | Moravian Brethren | emigrated from Germany to North Carolina on the e of Independence. Many rejected the community's tradition of arranged marriages, insisting on choosing their own husbands and wives. elders saw "the American freedom" was little more than an opportunity for temptation | 16 | |
| 6445459971 | Christian Sparta | Christianity and personal self-discipline underpinned both personal and national progress | 17 | |
| 6445459972 | virtue | the ability to sacrifice self-interest for the public good | 18 | |
| 6445459973 | Ebenezar Fox | a young apprentice on a Massachuestts farm recalled how he and other youths made a direct application of the doctrines heard daily in relation to the oppression of the mother country to his own conscience. | 19 | |
| 6445459974 | free labor | working for wages or owning a farm or shop | 20 | |
| 6445459975 | entail | the limitiation of inheritance to a specified line of heirs to keep an estate within a family | 21 | |
| 6445459976 | primogeniture | the practice of passing a family's land entirely to the eldest son | 22 | |
| 6445459977 | the Wealth of Nations | Adam's Smith's treatise on economics. his argument that the invisible hand of the free market directed economic life more effectively and fairly than governmental intervention offered intellectual justification for those who believed that the economy should be left to regulate itself | 23 | |
| 6445459978 | Robert Morris | a Philadelphia merchant and banker, became director of congressional fiscal policy | 24 | |
| 6445459979 | Fragment of Government | written by Jeremy Bentham which criticized the nature of British government | 25 | |
| 6445459980 | Articles of Confederation | drafted by Congress in 1777 sought to balance the need for national coordination of teh War of Independence with widespread fear that centralized political power posed a danger to liberty. The thirteen states retained their individual sovereignty, freedom, and independence | 26 | |
| 6445459981 | national domain | area controlled by the federal government stretching form the western boundaries of existing states to the Mississippi River | 27 | |
| 6445459982 | Ordinance of 1784 | established stages of self-government fot the west. | 28 | |
| 6445459983 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | called for the eventual establishment of from three to five state north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi | 29 | |
| 6445459984 | empire of liberty | rather than ruling over the west as a colonial power the united states would admit the area's population as equal members of the political system -Thomas Jefferson | 30 | |
| 6445459985 | regulators | crowds of debt-ridden farmers closed teh courts in western Massachusetts to prevent the seizure of their land for failure to pay taxes | 31 | |
| 6445459986 | Shay's Rebellion | uprising of regulators | 32 | |
| 6445459987 | Governor James Bowdoin | dispatched an army headed by former revolutionary war general Benjamin Lincoln. He had no mercy towards regulators | 33 | |
| 6445459988 | public liberty | unchecked power in the hands of the people | 34 | |
| 6445459989 | Alexander Hamilton | the most vigorous proponent of an energetic government tha twould enable the new nation to become a powerful commercial and diplomatic presence in world affairs | 35 | |
| 6445459990 | John Marshall | developed the habit of considering America as my country and Congress as my government later a chief justice of the Supreme Court | 36 | |
| 6445459991 | George Mason | author of Virginia's Declaration of Rights | 37 | |
| 6445459992 | Virginia Plan | proposed the creation of a two-house lerislature with a state's population determining its representation in each | 38 | |
| 6445459993 | New Jersey Plan | called for a single house Congress in which each state cast one vote | 39 | |
| 6445459994 | Constitution | embodies two basic political principles-federalism divison of powers and the system of checks and balances between different branches of the national government | 40 | |
| 6445459995 | federalism | refers to the relationship between the national government and the states | 41 | |
| 6445459996 | fugitive slave clasue | accorded slave laws extraterritoriality: the condition of bondage remained attached to a person even if he or she escaped to a state where slavery had been abolished | 42 | |
| 6445459997 | Somerset case | lawyer for a west Indian slave brought to Britain had obtained his client's freedom by invoking the memorable words "the air of England is too pure for a slave to breather" (That is the moment any person sets foot on british soil he or she becomes free) | 43 | |
| 6445459998 | Governeur Morris | put the finishing touches on the final draft of the new Constitution | 44 | |
| 6445459999 | The Federalist | series of essay written by Hamilton, Madison and jay composed of eight five essays under the pen name Publius | 45 | |
| 6445460000 | Anti-Federalists | opponents of ratification insisted that the Constitution shifted the balance between liberty and power too far in the direction of the latter | 46 | |
| 6445460001 | Melancton Smith | a member of congress under the Articles of COnfederation found the result of the constitution would be domination of the common people by the well born "government of oppression" | 47 | |
| 6445460002 | George Bryan | a supporter of ratification called teh golden phantom of prosperity also swung urban artisans, laborers, and sailors behind the movement for a government that would use ist energy and power to revive the depressed economy | 48 | |
| 6445460003 | Bill of Rights | series of amendments offered a definition of the unalienable rights rights inherent in the human condition | 49 | |
| 6445460004 | civic nationalism | envisions the nation as a community open to all those devoted to its political institutions and social values and ethnic nationalism | 50 | |
| 6445460005 | ethnic nationalism | deifnes the nation as a community of descent based on a shared ethnic heritage, language, and culture | 51 | |
| 6445460006 | Little Turtle | leader of the Miami Confederacy inflicted a humiliating defeat on American forces led by Arthur St. Clair | 52 | |
| 6445460007 | Treaty of Greenville | twelve Indian tribes ceded most of Ohio and Indiana to the federal government. It also established the annuity system | 53 | |
| 6445460008 | annuity system | yearly grants of federal money to Indian tribes that institutionalized continuing government influence in tribal affairs and gave outsiders considerable control over Indian life | 54 | |
| 6445460009 | Edmund Raplh | nation's first attorney journal | 55 | |
| 6445460010 | Letters from an American Farmer | Hector St. John de Crevecoeur strikingly illustrated process of exclusion. Popularized the idea of the United states as a melting pot | 56 | |
| 6445460011 | Naturalization act of 1790 | offered the first legislative definition of American nationality | 57 | |
| 6445460012 | Notes on the state of virginia | published in 1785 by Jefferson claimed blacks lacked in race partly due to natural incapacity and partly because the bitter experience of slavery had rendered them disloyal to the nation | 58 | |
| 6445460013 | Benjamin Bannekar | a free african american from maryland who had taught himself the principles of mathematics sent jefferson a copy of an astronomical almanac he had published along with a plea for the abolition of slaery | 59 | |
| 6445460014 | Tadeusz Kosciuszko | a polish aristocrat who fought for American independence left funds for Jefferson to purchase and free slaves | 60 | |
| 6445460015 | American colonization society | an organization dedicating to sending freed slaves to africa | 61 | |
| 6445460016 | Edward Coles | an early governor of illinois brought his slaves from virginia freed them and settled them on farms | 62 |
