Chapter 1- History and Approaches
terms and people are copied from the Barron's review book
Terms : Hide Images
| 4762016617 | introspection | the purposeful and rational self-observation of one's mental state; first wave of psychology | 0 | |
| 4762016619 | Wilhelm Wundt | set up the first psychological laboratory, trained subjects in introspection | 1 | |
| 4762016620 | structuralism | the idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations | 2 | |
| 4762016621 | William James | published psychology's first textbook: The Principles of Psychology, created functionalism | 3 | |
| 4762016622 | functionalism | explains how the structures in structuralism function in our lives | 4 | |
| 4762016623 | Gestalt psychology | examined a person's total experience, not just bits and pieces of it; second wave of psychology | 5 | |
| 4762016624 | Max Wertheimer | a Gestalt psychologist | 6 | |
| 4762016625 | psychoanalysis | human behavior, experience, and cognition are largely determined by irrational drives; third wave of psychology | 7 | |
| 4762016626 | Sigmund Freud | created psychoanalytic theory | 8 | |
| 4762016630 | behaviorism | psychologists should only look at behavior and causes of behavior, not elements of consciousness; fourth wave of psychology; dominant school of thought from the 1920s to 1960s | 9 | |
| 4762016631 | John Watson | studied Ivan Pavlov's conditioning experiments, main proponent of behaviorism | 10 | |
| 4762016632 | B.F. Skinner | behaviorist, expanded the ideas to include reinforcement | 11 | |
| 4762016635 | humanism | stresses individual choice and free will, most of our behaviors are chosen due to physiological, emotional, or spiritual needs | 12 | |
| 4762016636 | Abraham Maslow | humanist (hierarchy of needs) | 13 | |
| 4762016637 | Carl Rogers | humanist | 14 | |
| 4762016638 | biopsychology | explains human thought and behavior in terms of biological processes only | 15 | |
| 4762016639 | evolutionary psychologists (sociobiologists) | examine human thoughts and actions in terms of natural selection | 16 | |
| 4762016640 | natural selection | favorable traits for survival will be passed down and preserved | 17 | |
| 4762016641 | cognitive psychologists | examine human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events | 18 | |
| 4762016642 | social-cultural psychologists | looks at how human thought and behavior varies from culture to culture | 19 | |
| 4762016645 | Mary Whiton Calkins | Functionalist, became president of the APA | 20 | |
| 4762016646 | Margaret Floy Washburn | First woman to earn a PH.D. in psych | 21 | |
| 4762016647 | G. Stanley Hall | Functionalist, study of child development, first president of the APA | 22 | |
| 4762016648 | Psychoanalytic Theory | We have what's called The unconscious mind (part of the brain we have no control over) | 23 | |
| 4762016649 | Psychoanalytic Perspective | Examine the unconscious mind through dream analysis, word association, and other psychoanalytic therapy techniques | 24 | |
| 4762016650 | Ivan Pavlov | Classical conditioning, dog saliva experiments | 25 | |
| 4762016651 | Humanistic Perspective | We choose our behaviors and these choices are guided by psychological emotional or spiritual needs | 26 | |
| 4762016652 | Charles Darwin | Theory of natural selection, survival of the fittest | 27 | |
| 4762016653 | Behavioral perspective | Look at observable behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors | 28 | |
| 4762016654 | Jean Piget | Cognitive developmental theory, our cognitions developing stages as we mature | 29 |
