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| 149038977 | Western Front | A line of trenches and fortifications in World War I that stretched without a break from Switzerland to the North Sea. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on the one hand, and France and Britain, on the other. (p. 757) | 0 | |
| 149038978 | Kaiser Wilhelm II | was the Kaiser of Germany at the time of the First World War reigning from 1888-1918. He pushed for a more aggressive foreign policy by means of colonies and a strong navy to compete with Britain. His actions added to the growing tensions in pre-1914 Europe. | 1 | |
| 149038979 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war. | 2 | |
| 149038980 | No-Man's Land | A strip of land beween the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during WW1 | 3 | |
| 149038981 | Bolsheviks | Led by Vladimir Lenin it was the Russian communist party that took over the Russian goverment during WWI | 4 | |
| 149038982 | Weimar Republic | The new German republic the in 1921 owed 33 billion annually to the allied reparations commission. In order to recover from its severe economic issues the annual fees were reduced each year depending on the level of German economic prosperity and Germany received large loans each year from the United States. | 5 | |
| 149038983 | Czar Nicolas II | (1868-1918) Czar of Russia (1894-1917). He was overthrown during the Russian Revolution of 1917. Later, he and his family were killed by the revolution's leadership. | 6 | |
| 149038984 | Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize | 7 | |
| 149038985 | Total War | a war that involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields. | 8 | |
| 149038986 | League of Nations | International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s. | 9 | |
| 149038987 | Franz Ferdinand | archduke of Austria Hungary who was assassinated at Sarajevo by a Serbian terrorist group called the Black Hand; his death was a main cause for World War I | 10 | |
| 149038988 | Fourteen Points | the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations | 11 | |
| 149038989 | Alfred von Schlieffen Plan | Attack plan by Germans, proposed by Schliffen, lightning quick attack against France. Proposed to go through Belgium then attack France, Belgium resisted, other countries took up their aid, long fight, used trench warfare. | 12 | |
| 149038990 | Trench Warfare | war from inside trenches enemies would try killing eachother with machine guns and tanks, and poison gas | 13 | |
| 149038991 | Vladimir Lenin | Founder of the Russian Communist Party, this man led the November Revolution in 1917 which established a revolutionary soviet government based on a union of workers, peasants, and soldiers. | 14 | |
| 149038992 | Versailles Treaty | The compromise after WW1, settled land and freedom disputes. Germany had to take full blame for the war in order for the treaty to pass, among other things. The US Senate rejected it. | 15 | |
| 149038993 | Big Four | The Big Four were the four most important leaders, and the most important ones at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy. | 16 | |
| 149038994 | Mustafa Kemal | Led the Turkish nationalist overthrow of the Ottoman sultan in 1922. He then became the president of the Republic of Turkey in 1923. To modernized Turkey, he separated Islamic laws from the nation's laws. He modeled the new legal system off of European law and also some U.S. law. Women had more right under his rule. They were allowed to vote and hold public office. Finally, Kemal's last reform was government-funded programs to industrialize Turkey and to bring about great economic growth. He died in 1938 known as Ataturk, "father of the Turks." | 17 | |
| 149038995 | Soviets | A Russian word literally meaning "councils." In the early twentieth century, Soviets were governing bodies, similar to labor unions, that existed primarily on the local/municipal level and collectively made policy decisions for their respective regions. The idea of Soviets was popular among the various socialist parties of the time, including the Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, and Socialist Revolutionaries. | 18 | |
| 149038996 | Verdun | a battle in World War I (1916), France vs. Germany, France led by Nivelle. Poorly defended, Germans lost, lost 700,000 men | 19 |
