Test #1
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| 204804040 | Wilhelm Wundt | founder of Psychology; first lab Germany 1879; study of consciousness | 0 | |
| 204804041 | Edward Titchener | student of Wundt; joined Cornell; introduced structuralism; research method introspection | 1 | |
| 204804042 | Structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind | 2 | |
| 204804043 | William James | USA; Harvard professor; taught psychology class; wrote highly influential text | 3 | |
| 204804044 | Functionalism | how behavior functions to allow people and animals to adapt to environments; expanded research to direct observation | 4 | |
| 204804045 | Psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes | 5 | |
| 204804046 | Introspection | trying to re-create experience by breaking it down into parts | 6 | |
| 204804047 | Biological | emphasizes studying physical bases of human and animal behavior; our chemical and genetic makeup | 7 | |
| 204835383 | Psychodynamic | importance of unconscious influences, early life events, and inter-personal relationships to explain underlying behavior | 8 | |
| 204835384 | Behavioral | how behavior is acquired or modified by environmental consequences | 9 | |
| 204835385 | Humanistic | focuses on motivation to grow psychologically; the effect of interpersonal relationships, self-concept, and importance of choice and self-direction | 10 | |
| 204835386 | Cognitive | importance of mental process and how people process info, develop language, and solve problems | 11 | |
| 204835387 | Cross-cultural | studying diversity of human bahavior in different cultural settings and countries | 12 | |
| 204835388 | Evolutionary | application of principals of evolution to explain psychological process and phenomena | 13 | |
| 204835389 | social psychologists | scientist who studies how we think about, influence, and relate to one another | 14 | |
| 204835390 | attribution theory | suggests how we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or person's disposition | 15 | |
| 204835391 | fundamental attribution error | tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition | 16 | |
| 204835392 | attitudes | feelings, based on our beliefs, that predispose our actions to objects, people, events | 17 | |
| 204835393 | foot-in-the-door phenomenon | the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request | 18 | |
| 204835394 | Philip Zimbardo | psychologist who set up the Stanford Prison Experiment 1972 | 19 | |
| 204835395 | Stanford Prison Experiment | Zimbardo's experiment where students randomly took on roles of prisioners and guards; cognitive dissonance theory | 20 | |
| 204835396 | cognative dissonance theory | the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent | 21 | |
| 204835397 | chameleon effect | unconsciously mimicking expressions, postures, boice tones of others | 22 | |
| 204835398 | mood linkage | sharing up and down moods (people surrounding) | 23 | |
| 204835399 | conformity | adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide; thinking toward one group's standard | 24 | |
| 204835400 | Solomon Asch | created "the line experiment"; conformity experiment | 25 | |
| 204835401 | normative social influence | influence resulted from a person's desire/willingness to gain approval or avoid disapproval | 26 | |
| 204835402 | informational social influence | influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality | 27 | |
| 204835403 | Stanley Milgrim | psychologist famous for his obedience experiments | 28 | |
| 204835404 | social facilitation | stronger responses/actions on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others | 29 | |
| 204835405 | social loafing | tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts towards attaining a common goal than when individually accountable | 30 | |
| 204835406 | deindividuation | the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity | 31 | |
| 204835407 | group polarization | the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group | 32 | |
| 204835408 | groupthink | the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives | 33 | |
| 204835409 | minority influence | power of 1 or 2 individuals to sway majorities | 34 | |
| 204835410 | self-fulfilling prophecies | beliefs about how a person will behave that actually make the expected behavior more likely. | 35 | |
| 204835411 | prejudice | an unjustifiable (usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members | 36 | |
| 204840326 | stereotypes | generalized (sometimes accurate but overgeneralized) beliefs about a group of people | 37 | |
| 204840327 | discrimination | unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members | 38 | |
| 204840328 | ingroup | "us" - people whom one shares common identity | 39 | |
| 204840329 | outgroup | "them" - those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup. | 40 | |
| 204840330 | ingroup bias | the tendency to favor one's own group | 41 | |
| 204840331 | scapegoat theory | theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame | 42 | |
| 204840332 | just-world phenomenon | the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get | 43 | |
| 204840333 | social traps | a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior | 44 | |
| 204840334 | mere exposure effect | the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them | 45 | |
| 204840335 | altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others | 46 | |
| 204840336 | bystander effect | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present | 47 | |
| 204840337 | social exchange theory | the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs | 48 | |
| 204840338 | reciprocity norm | an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them | 49 | |
| 204840339 | social responsibility norm | an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them | 50 | |
| 367911520 | door-in-the-face phenomenon | asking for large request first increases chances of getting smaller request later | 51 | |
| 367918990 | ethnocentrism | tendency to view one's own culture and group as superior to all other cultures and groups | 52 | |
| 367918991 | superordinate goals | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation | 53 | |
| 367918992 | Frustration-agression hypothesis | proposition that frustration always leads to some form of aggressive behavior | 54 | |
| 367918993 | diffusion of responsibility | reduction in sense of responsibility often felt by individuals in a group; may be responsible for the bystander effect | 55 | |
| 367918994 | pluralistic ignorance | a false impression of what most other people are thinking or feeling, or how they are responding; Looking to others for cues about how to behave, while they are looking to you; collective misinterpretation | 56 | |
| 367918995 | attraction research | shows that similarity, proximity, and reciprocal liking increase the chance that people will like each other | 57 | |
| 367918996 | central route to persuasion | persuasion method that focuses on individuals who have to make a decision take time and effort necessary to gather all info & and make well determined choice | 58 | |
| 367918997 | peripheral route to persuasion | persuasion method that focuses on individuals that need to make a decision take into account random and inconsequential factors in order to arrive at a decision | 59 | |
| 368764223 | self-disclosure | process by which two people become closer by sharing intimate detalis about themselves | 60 | |
| 368767672 | outgroup bias | the tendency to assume that "they" (members of groups other than our own) are all alike | 61 |
