history vocab for exams
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| 623578268 | toleration act | Lord Baltimore issued the ________ which guaranteed all Christians the right to worship as they pleased | |
| 623578269 | new netherland | The Dutch West India Company set up the trading colony of _________. | |
| 623578270 | great migration | Between 1630 and 1640, 16,000 people crossed the stormy Atlantic Ocean to New England----this became known as the _______. | |
| 623578271 | plantations | Planters set up large farms, or _______, along the coastal rivers in Virginia. | |
| 623578272 | tobacco | John Rolfe began planting _______ in 1612 and colonists shipped thousands of pounds of it to England for huge profits. | |
| 623578273 | john rolfe | Pocahontas married planter ___________ in 1614 and then went away with him to England. | |
| 623578274 | the starving time | Only 60 settlers survived the __________, the winter of 1609-1610. | |
| 623578275 | puritans | People who wanted to "purify" the church of all Roman Catholic influence were called this. | |
| 623578276 | mayflower compact | Before stepping off the ship to set up a colony at Plymouth, 41 men signed the _______ which set up a form of self-government. | |
| 623578277 | indentured servant | An _________ worked 3-7 years to pay off the cost of their passage from England. | |
| 623578278 | charter | A _____ is a document signed by the king that allows colonists to settle and trade in certain areas. | |
| 623578279 | constitution | The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the first ___, a plan of government. | |
| 623578280 | king philip's war | Distrust between the colonists and the Native Americans in New England gave rise to the conflict called ____. | |
| 623578281 | jamestown | _____ was founded in 1607 and governed by John Smith. | |
| 623578282 | quakers | The ____ believed that everyone was in equal in the eyes of God. | |
| 623578283 | john peter zenger | was sued for libel for protesting a colonial governor | |
| 623578284 | meetinghouse | a New England church | |
| 623578285 | rural | area that contains few towns or cities | |
| 623578286 | william and mary | restored elected assemblies after the Dominion of New England was dissolved | |
| 623578287 | urban | area containing large towns and cities | |
| 623578288 | frontier | thinly settled area on the outer limits of the colonies | |
| 623578289 | town meeting | where community decisions were made in New England | |
| 623578290 | nantucket and martha's vineyard | whaling centers in new england | |
| 623578291 | tobacco | first crop grown in Virginia to bring a profit | |
| 623578292 | nathaniel bacon | led a raid against the Native Americans in 1676 | |
| 623578293 | triangular trade routes | these connected new england, the west indies, and west africa for trade | |
| 623578294 | massachusetts school law of 1647 | established the first public school system in the colonies | |
| 623578295 | colonial colleges | these taught only white men | |
| 623578296 | the navigation acts | controlled colonial trade | |
| 623578297 | militia | a group of citizens who would be ready to fight in any emergency; the members of this group were sometimes called minutemen because they could be ready in a minute | |
| 623578298 | social mobility | the ability to move from one social class to another | |
| 623578299 | great awakening | the movement that was characterized by preachers' fiery sermons designed to renew peoples' interest in religion | |
| 623578300 | quartering act | the law that said people in the colonies had to pay to house and feed British soldiers | |
| 623578301 | john locke | influential thinker who said that government should protect peoples' natural rights---life, liberty and property--and if it didn't the people had the right to overthrow it | |
| 623578302 | gentry | the highest social class in colonial America | |
| 623578303 | second continental congress | a meeting in which delegates from all of the colonies attended and voted to make George Washington the commander of the continental army | |
| 623578304 | proclamation of 1763 | the law that said colonists were NOT allowed to move west of the Appalachian mountains | |
| 623578305 | enlightenment | the age of reason; a time when people seemed interested in science ans were curious about the natural world. Scientists like Galileo and Newton introduced the idea that people could understand the world by observing and experimenting instead of explaining phenomena as simply the "will of God". | |
| 623578306 | lexington and concord | the first 'battle' in the Revolutionary war. it was actually a battle in two parts--first minutemen tried to stop the British on their way to a town in Massachusetts and second, minutemen chased the British all the way back to Boston firing at them and causing havoc. | |
| 623578307 | boston tea party | the name of the event in which boston men dressed as Mohawk Indians and threw tea off ships in Boston Harbor | |
| 623578308 | william pitt | the site of fort duquesne was renamed after this efficient minister of war. he helped the British win the french and Indian war | |
| 623578309 | ohio valley | this was the disputed territory in north america that both the french and the british fought over | |
| 623578310 | fort necessity | this was the hastily built battlement that Washington thought could protect him and his men... he was wrong... he and his men were captured | |
| 623578311 | phillis wheatley | she was the second american woman to win fame for her poetry; her story is particularly remarkable as she was born in africa ans was enslaved at a household in Boston | |
| 623578312 | library company of philidelphia | ben franklin organized this so that any gentleman could read books | |
| 623578313 | french and indian war | the struggle for territory and power in north america between the British and the french that lasted 7 years | |
| 623578314 | iroqouis league | the powerful native american confederation that sided with the british during the french and indian war | |
| 623578315 | sons of liberty | sam adams was the outspoken leader of this group in boston; they were known for clamoring to be independent and soon other cities in the colonies had groups just like the one in boston | |
| 623578316 | boston massacre | an angry mob was throwing snowballs filled with rocks at british soldiers in boston; in all the commotion, some british soldiers shot and killed five colonists | |
| 623578317 | coercive acts | the colonists started to call these the intolerable acts because they felt the laws were unjust. one of them said that boston harbor had to remain closed until boston paid for all the tea that was dumped, while another said that people in boston had to house and feed soldiers in their homes | |
| 623578318 | ben franklin | he was a brilliant thinker, printer, writer, publisher, and fireman as well as being instrumental in helping the colonies move toward Independence | |
| 623578319 | new france | this was the area in canada that americans and british had to invade in order to win the french and indian war | |
| 623578320 | the battle of quebec | James wolfe and his british troops won this important fight. it meant the end of the french and indian war | |
| 623578321 | braddock | young George Washington gave this man some advice about how to fight the French and he refused to listen because he wanted to fight the old way it cost him his life and the lives of a 1000 of his men | |
| 623578322 | James Wolfe | the man who led british troops to take the supply hub of the French during the French and Indian war. they fought on the plains of Abraham. unfortunately this man died but his troops won the fight and the war | |
| 623578323 | king george III | the monarch in Britain who became very agitated when colonists refused to give in to his wishes | |
| 623578324 | boycott | agreeing not to buy certain goods in protest of something | |
| 623578325 | first continental congress | every colony sent a delegate to meet in September of 1774 in Philadelphia EXCEPT Georgia. the meeting came to be known as this. | |
| 623578326 | Paul Revere and William Dawes | two brave men who rode to warn the militia that the British were coming to take guns and gunpowder AND to arrest J Hancock and Sam Adams | |
| 623578327 | delaware river | washington and his men quietly crossed this river on Christmas Eve 1777 to surprise Hessians in their beds | |
| 623578328 | Swamp Fox | he raided british camps and terrorized british troops his real name was francis marion | |
| 623578329 | general burgoyne | this british general did not pack light he was known to his men as gentleman johnny and tromped through new York with wagons, silver cutlery, food, women, and native american guides | |
| 623578330 | charleston | the british took this important port city in the south on May 12, 1780 | |
| 623578331 | long island | a devastating battle for the americans took place here just east of NYC | |
| 623578332 | france | the treaty of alliance ensured that the americans would receive help towards the war effort from this country | |
| 623578333 | common sense | the simple pamphlet written by Thomas Paine encouraging Americans to join in the fight for Independence | |
| 623578334 | john paul jones | a remarkable captain who sailed across the Atlantic in his ship, the Bonhomme Richard, to attack a British ship off the coast of Britain he is famous for saying, "I have not yet begun to fight" | |
| 623578335 | Cowpens | the first big victory for the Americans in the south. Greene and Morgan used similar tactics to Francis Marion's hit-and-run raids. | |
| 623578336 | Saratoga | HUGE WIN for the Americans on October 17, 1777 in New York. The American troops circled "Gentleman Johnny" and his men and made it impossible for them to flee to Canada. 6,000 British soldiers were taken captive! | |
| 623578337 | women | they cooked, sewed, carried ammunition or served as nurses during the war | |
| 623578338 | Lafayette | the young Frenchman who came to fight for George Washington because he deeply believed in the American's cause--- the fight for liberty! | |
| 623578339 | Nathan Hale | the first american spy famous for saying "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." | |
| 623578340 | grievances | the third part of the declaration of Independence lists the Americans' complaints against the king and parliament | |
| 623578341 | battle of bunker hill | we call it this although it was really fought on breed's hill the americans lost this skirmish but only because they ran out of gun powder they were winning | |
| 623578342 | benedict arnold | a trusted friend of george washington and a general in the continental army who switched sides during the war and fought for the british | |
| 623578343 | loyalists | americans who wished to remain under British rule | |
| 623578344 | hessians | hired german soldiers who came to help the British win the war | |
| 623578345 | Steuben | this is the baron who came from Prussia to train American soldiers to fight as One unit | |
| 623578346 | Olive Branch petition | the petition that was the last ditch effort of the colonists' to make peace with King George III | |
| 623578347 | Valley forge | washington's troops endured a harsh winter at | |
| 623578348 | republic | type of govt. in which reps. are elected to govern on behalf of the people | |
| 623578349 | Northwest ordinance | this stated that 5 territories would be carved out of the Northwest territory and that they had to comply with some rules if they wanted to be states | |
| 623578350 | impeachment | the process by which a supreme court justice or the president may be removed from office | |
| 623578351 | ratify | officially approve | |
| 623578352 | john dickinson | this guy called the articles of confederation a "firm league of friendship" | |
| 623578353 | ben franklin | he was the oldest delegate at the 'session' | |
| 623578354 | checks and balances | this gives each branch control over other branches.. kind of like rock, paper, scissors..one thing beats the other two in some scenarios | |
| 623578355 | james madison | father of the constitution | |
| 623578356 | president | head of the executive branch | |
| 623578357 | daniel shays | he gathered a group of angry farmers in MA, closed down courthouses and marched toward the Springfield arsenal in rebellion against the new govt. | |
| 623578358 | federalism | division of power between the national government and the states | |
| 623578359 | laws | the legislative branch makes these | |
| 623578360 | baron de m | influential political thinker who came up with the idea of separating power in the three branches | |
| 623578361 | supreme court | the judicial branch includes a special group of nine justices who may rule that some laws are unconstitutional | |
| 623578362 | amendments | additions and changes to the constitution | |
| 623578363 | constitutional convention | 55 delegates met at this to revise the original plan of the usa's govt. | |
| 623578364 | magna carta | political document that influenced the framers when writing the constitution. it limited the power of a ruler | |
| 623578365 | electoral college | the electors who come together in early december and really decide who will be the next president | |
| 623578366 | congress | senate+house of representatives= | |
| 623578367 | Iroqouis League | political idea or agreement that influenced the constitution; separate group joined for defense |
