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| 227993262 | Abigail Adams | said ladies form rebellion if not given political rights, married to John Adams; saw implications revolutionary ideas for changing the status of women | 0 | |
| 227993263 | Daniel Shays | veteran of the Revolution; rebelled for state to issue paper money, lighten taxes, and suspend property takeovers; through rebellion, convince others of need for stronger central government | 1 | |
| 227993264 | primogeniture | oldest sons inherit property takeovers, dying out, medieval inheritance law | 2 | |
| 227993265 | Federation | strenghtening central gov.t, HAMILTON, union states | 3 | |
| 227993266 | checks and balances | Montesquieu; among judicial, legislative, and executive branches | 4 | |
| 227993267 | sovereignty | Republicanism (?) | 5 | |
| 227993268 | "mobocracy" | from Shays's Rebellion, this fear led to belief of need for stronger central government (Mass. gov.r = effective in putting down rebellion; fear others) | 6 | |
| 227993269 | consent of the governed | Locke; people's power, will of people in government, backs up the people | 7 | |
| 227993270 | Alexander Hamilton | FEDERALIST; wanted a super-powerful central gov.t | 8 | |
| 227993271 | James Madison | "Father of the Constitution," The Federalist- his #10, say possible to extend Republican form of government over large territory | 9 | |
| 228523861 | Republicanism | civic virtue, "republican motherhood," universal political participation, political liberty (gov.t mainly out of private lives), sovereignty | 10 | |
| 228523862 | states' rights | before Second Continental Congress (?) coin money, raise armies & navies, & erect tariff barriers; Virginia made treaty of alliance w/ Framce | 11 | |
| 228523863 | popular sovereignty | consent of the people, power of the people; voting | 12 | |
| 228523864 | Confederation | loose states, entities; Jefferson, Samuel, Henry | 13 | |
| 228523865 | anarchy | no government | 14 | |
| 228523866 | Society of the Cincinatti | Continental Army officers, stimulated social democracy, exclusive hereditary order | 15 | |
| 228523867 | "Great Compromise" | House of Representatives by population (large states, Virginia), Senate with equal representation (two members each, small states, New Jersey); every tax bill/ revenue measure must originate in House (where population counted more~ taxing people) | 16 | |
| 228523868 | Articles of Confederation | model for loose confederation, weak congress, states with more power, no executive branch & little judicial; siginificent step toward Constitution b/c outlined general powers central government (e.g. treaties, postal service), ideal of union, held states together until Constitution | 17 | |
| 228523869 | Electoral College | key compromise in Constitution, elect president indirectly; a state's number of electors based on total amount senators & representative in Congress; small states gain voice if no candidate w/ majority electoral votes, election to House of Representatives where each state with one vote (thought would be frequent but only happened twice~ 1800 & 1824) | 18 | |
| 228523870 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | first red-letter law re. Old Northwest (nw. Ohio River, e. Mississippi River, s. Great Lakes); acreage Old Nw. be sold & proceeds used help pay nat.nl debt, land to be surveyed before sale & settlement (prevent confusion & lawsuits), divided into townships 6 mi.s sq., each split into 36 sec.tns 1 sq. mi. each, 16th section each township set aside to sell for benefit public schools; orderly settlement | 19 | |
| 228523871 | "three-fifths compromise" | sectional jealousy, voteless slaves south count as 3/5 person in apportioning direct taxes & in according rep.tn in House (Art. I); win for South (preview to Civil War, South win all except Missouri) | 20 | |
| 228523872 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | gov.ng Old Nw., temporary tutelage then permanent equality; when terr.try w/ 60,000 might be admitted by Congress as a state w/ all privileges of 13 charter members (what Continental Congress promised states when surrendered lands 1781~ Articles of Confederation); forbade slavery in Old Nw (exempted slaves already present); Congress pledge for w. land areas to be for "common benefit," agree carve "republican" states admitted to union on terms of complete equality w/ all others, not colonies | 21 | |
| 228523873 | Antifederalists | Samuel, Henry, Lee, & JEFFERSON; opposed stronger fed.l gov.t; states' rights devotees, backcountry dwellers, & one-horse farmers (poorest); paper-moneyites & debtors fear potent cent.l gov.t force to pay debts @ full value; think Constitution by upper crust to steal common folk power, antidemocr.tc; say freedom individual jeopardized b/c no bill of rights; decried dropping ann.l elections for congress.nl rep.tves, erecting fed.l strong hold 10 sq. mi.s (DC), creating standing army, omission God reference, & ratifying w/ 2/3 of states, say Franklin "fool from age" & Washington "fool from nature;" sovereignty of people reside in single branch gov.t (leg.tr) | 22 | |
| 228523874 | Shays's Rebellion | w. Mass. 1786, poor backcountry farmers losing farms through mortgage foreclosures & tax delinquencies, led by Captain Daniel Shays (veteran of Rev.), debtors demand state issue paper money, lighten taxes, & suspend property takeovers; Mass. supported by wealthy citizens form small army, several skirmishes & movement collapse, Shay pardoned death, followers crushed, Mass. legis. pass debtor-relief laws like Shay wanted ("democratic despotism"~ Jefferson), "mobocracy," need stronger cent.l gov.t | 23 | |
| 228523875 | Federalists | HAMILTON, union (stronger & tighter group of states), favor stronger federal government; power & influence; Washington & Franklin support; settled areas along seaboard; 3 branchs; wealthier, more educated, & better organized; control press (only 12/ 100+ newspapers support anti___________) | 24 | |
| 228523876 | "large-state plan" | Virginia (populous), first pushed forward as framework Constitution; representation in both houses bicameral Congress should be based on population (give larger states adv.tg); in "Great Compromise" receive representation by population in the House of Representatives & every tax bill/ revenue measure must originate in House | 25 | |
| 228523877 | Constitution of the United States | firm union people, 2/ state in Senate, # rep.tves by population in House, simple majority vote in Congress subject to presidential veto, laws executed by powerful president, Congress regu. foreign & interstate commerce, Congress extensive power levy taxes, federal ct.s capped by Supreme Court, amendments less difficult, lots power enforce laws by coercion individuals & by some extent of states; Delaware, New Jersey, and Georgia were unanimous; Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Georiga were the first four to ratify (in order); Virginia (antifederalists vs. federalists, federalists win b/c Union being formed anyhow), New York (antifederalist state convention, realize can't prosper apart from Union), North Carolina (individualist state, hostile meeting didn't vote), and Rhode Island (didn't summon convention, reject by popular referendum) were the last to ratify (in order first-last); last states ratify b/c have to (can't safely exist outside fold) | 26 | |
| 228523878 | The Federalist | Madison's #10 refute conventional wisdom of day that it was impossible extend republican form government over a large territory & say why a republican form of government was needed; contains propaganda essays by Hamilton & Jay as well | 27 | |
| 228523879 | "bundle of compromises" | 1. "Great Compromise" (House of Representatives by population, Sentate w/ equal representation for each state; also every tax bill/ revenue measure must originate in House); 2. "3/5 compromise" (slaves for south count as 3/5 person in apportioning direct taxes & in according rep.tn in House Art. I; win for South~ preview to Civil War conflicts); 3. federalists (got Constitution for stronger central government) vs. antifederalists (received promise for Bill of Rights b/c afraid freedom of individual jeopardized without one) | 28 |
