Terms : Hide Images
| 2318949196 | what is the theory that states: particles called pangenes travel from each part of an organism's body to the eggs or sperm and then are passed to the next generation; moreover, changes that occur in the body during an organism's life are passed on in this way. | pangenesis | 0 | |
| 2318949197 | "Father of genetics" | Gregor Mendel | 1 | |
| 2318949198 | the transmission of traits from one generation to the next | heredity | 2 | |
| 2318949199 | the scientific study of heredity | genetics | 3 | |
| 2318949200 | what did Mendel experiment with | peas | 4 | |
| 2318949201 | why did Mendel experiment with peas? | they had short generation times, produced large numbers of offspring from each mating, and came in many readily distinguishable varieties | 5 | |
| 2318949202 | A heritable feature that varies among individuals, such as flower color is called a(n) | character | 6 | |
| 2318949203 | Each variant for a character, such as purple or white flowers, is called a(n) | trait | 7 | |
| 2318949204 | the most important advantage of pea plants as an experimental model was | that Mendel could strictly control matings | 8 | |
| 2318949205 | The offspring of two different varieties are called | hybrids | 9 | |
| 2318949206 | The truebreeding parental plants are called the ___________, and their hybrid offspring are called the ___________. | P generation (P for parental) / F1 generation (F for filial, from the Latin word for "son" | 10 | |
| 2318949207 | When F1 plants self-fertilize or fertilize each other, their offspring are the __________. | F2 generation | 11 | |
| 2318949208 | varieties for which self-fertilization produced offspring all identical to the parent | true-breeding varieties | 12 | |
| 2319058398 | cross in which the P generation differ in only one character | monohybrid cross | 13 | |
| 2319102345 | Mendel's 4 hypotheses | 1. There are alternative versions of genes that account for variations in inherited characters. 2. For each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent. 3. If the two alleles of an inherited pair differ, then one determines the organism's appearance and is called the dominant allele; the other has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance and is called the recessive allele. 4. A sperm or egg carries only one allele for each inherited character because allele pairs separate (segregate) from each other during the production of gametes. | 14 | |
| 2319108167 | The alternative versions of a gene are called | alleles | 15 | |
| 2319109762 | An organism that has two identical alleles for a gene is said to be | HOMOZYGOUS for that gene (and is a "homozygote" for that trait). | 16 | |
| 2319111888 | An organism that has two different alleles for a gene is said to be | HETEROZYGOUS for that gene (and is a "heterozygote"). | 17 | |
| 2319116918 | Pairs of alleles segregate (separate) during gamete formation. The fusion of gametes at fertilization creates allele pairs once again. | law of segregation | 18 | |
| 2319130403 | physical traits | phenotype | 19 | |
| 2319131326 | genetic makeup | genotype | 20 | |
| 2319138197 | 1 PP:2 Pp:1 pp is an example of a __________ ratio | genotypic | 21 | |
| 2319139955 | 3:1 is an example of a ___________ ratio | phenotypic | 22 | |
| 2319148976 | How can two plants with different genotypes for a particular inherited character be identical in phenotype? | One could be homozygous for the dominant allele and the other heterozygous | 23 | |
| 2319162537 | Alleles (alternative versions) of a gene | reside at the same locus on homologous chromosomes | 24 | |
| 2319239851 | the F2 ratio for a monohybrid cross | 3:1 | 25 | |
| 2319253055 | the F2 ratio for a dihybrid cross | 9:3:3:1 | 26 | |
| 2319245972 | the inheritance of one character has no effect on the inheritance of another | Mendel's law of independent assortment | 27 | |
| 2319260550 | Geneticists can use the ________ to determine unknown genotypes | testcross | 28 | |
| 2319269659 | The probability scale ranges from | 0 to 1. | 29 | |
| 2319272134 | An event that is certain to occur has a probability of _, whereas an event that is certain not to occur has a probability of _. | 1;0 | 30 | |
| 2319276463 | the probabilities of all possible outcomes for an event to occur must always add up to _ | 1 | 31 | |
| 2319280249 | The probability of such a compound event is the product of the probabilities of each independent event | rule of multiplication | 32 | |
| 2319289474 | The probability that an event can occur in two or more alternative ways is the sum of the separate probabilities of the different ways | 33 | ||
| 2320213084 | traits prevailing in nature | wild-type traits | 34 | |
| 2320258179 | Is albinism dominant or recessive | recessive | 35 | |
| 2320259134 | Is cystic fibrosis dominant or recessive | recessive | 36 | |
| 2320260594 | Is achondroplasia dominant or recessive | dominant | 37 | |
| 2320266899 | Is galactosemia dominant or recessive | 38 | ||
| 2320267935 | Is Alzheimer's dominant or recessive | dominant | 39 | |
| 2320269615 | Is huntington's disease dominant or recessive | dominant | 40 | |
| 2320271637 | Is Phenylketonuria (PKU) dominant or recessive | recessive | 41 | |
| 2320275516 | Is sickle-cell disease dominant or recessive | recessive | 42 | |
| 2320277644 | Is hypercholesterolemia dominant or recessive | dominant | 43 | |
| 2320281122 | Is Tay-Sachs disease dominant or recessive | recessive | 44 | |
| 2320285930 | The most common life-threatening genetic disease in the United States | cystic fibrosis | 45 | |
| 2320322079 | the dominant allele has the same phenotypic effect whether present in one or two copies. | complete dominance (PP looks the same as Pp) | 46 | |
| 2320324424 | the appearance of F1 hybrids falls between the phenotypes of the two parental varieties | incomplete dominance | 47 | |
| 2324980387 | an important tool of geneticists for determining genotypes. | testcross | 48 | |
| 2324983206 | individual who does not have a specific disease but has the ability to pass it on to their offspring, they are phenotypically normal | carrier | 49 | |
| 2324986867 | what genetic disorder is most common in Caucasians | Cystic fibrosis | 50 | |
| 2324988068 | what genetic disorder is characterized by excess mucus in the lungs, digestive tract, liver; increased susceptibility to infections; death in early childhood unless untreated | cystic fibrosis | 51 | |
| 2324992803 | what genetic disorder is characterized by lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, & prone to skin cancer | albinism | 52 | |
| 2324993132 | what genetic disorder is characterized by accumulation of galactose in tissues; mental retardation; eye and liver damage | galactosemia | 53 | |
| 2324995018 | what genetic disorder is characterized by accumulation of phenylalanine in blood; lack of normal skin pigment; mental retardation | Phenylketonuria (PKU) | 54 | |
| 2324997359 | where is PKU common? | US and Europe | 55 | |
| 2325000869 | what genetic disorder is characterized by sickled (moon shaped) red blood cells; damage to many tissues | sickle cell disease | 56 | |
| 2325002221 | in what race is sickle cell disease the most common? | African-Americans | 57 | |
| 2325004085 | what genetic disorder is characterized by lipid accumulation in brain cells; mental deficiency; blindness; death in childhood | Tay-Sachs disease | 58 | |
| 2325018706 | in what race is Tay-Sachs disease most common? | Jews from Central Europe | 59 | |
| 2325019763 | What type of Alzheimer's is inherited | Familial | 60 | |
| 2325021405 | what genetic disorder usually strikes late in life | Alzheimer's | 61 | |
| 2325021999 | what genetic disorder strikes in middle age | Huntingson's disease | 62 | |
| 2325023306 | What specific area in the US is cystic fibrosis common | Martha's Vineyard | 63 | |
| 2325026770 | between what weeks of gestation can an amniocentesis be performed? | 14 and 20 | 64 | |
| 2325028481 | through which fetal DNA a test can you receive results the fastest, and amniocentesis or CVS? | CVS | 65 | |
| 2325032291 | at what week can you perform a CVS | as early as the 8th week of pregnancy | 66 | |
| 2325042002 | uses sound waves to produce a picture of the fetus | ultrasound imaging | 67 | |
| 2325051481 | Incomplete dominance results in | intermediate phenotypes | 68 | |
| 2325054941 | most common example of incomplete dominance | snapdragon color | 69 | |
| 2325068327 | example of incomplete dominance in humans | hypercholesterolemia | 70 | |
| 2325073226 | people who are heterozygous for _____________ are prone to atherosclerosis | hypercholesterolemia | 71 | |
| 2325081324 | what does LDL stand for | low-density lipoprotein | 72 | |
| 2325089158 | genes can be found in populations in more than two versions, known as | multiple alleles | 73 | |
| 2325095372 | four phenotypes in blood | A, B, AB, O | 74 | |
| 2325100531 | A person with blood phenotype A can have a genotype of | IAIA or IAi | 75 | |
| 2325102253 | A person with blood phenotype B can have a genotype of | IBIB or IBi | 76 | |
| 2325104129 | A person with blood phenotype AB can have a genotype of | IAIB | 77 | |
| 2325107594 | A person with blood phenotype O can have a genotype of | ii | 78 | |
| 2325115762 | Both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals (IAIB), who have type AB blood, an example of | codominance | 79 | |
| 2325119116 | The A blood group has what antibodies | anti-B | 80 | |
| 2325119955 | The B blood group has what antibodies | anti-A | 81 | |
| 2325120286 | The AB blood group has what antibodies | none | 82 | |
| 2325122181 | The O blood group has what antibodies | anti-A and anti-B | 83 | |
| 2325126017 | what blood group is the "universal donor" | O | 84 | |
| 2325126791 | what blood group is the "universal recipient" | AB | 85 | |
| 2325130084 | Maria has type O blood, and her sister has type AB blood. The girls know that both of their maternal grandparents are type A. What are the genotypes of the girls' parents? | Their mother is IAi and their father is IBi | 86 | |
| 2325141210 | one gene influences multiple characters, a property called | pleiotropy | 87 | |
| 2325143191 | An example of pleiotropy in humans is | sickle-cell disease | 88 | |
| 2325150593 | people with sickle-cell disease are resistant to | malaria | 89 | |
| 2325165313 | the additive effects of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character | polygenic inheritance | 90 | |
| 2325166165 | the opposite of pleiotropy | polygenic inheritance | 91 | |
| 2325196397 | states that genes occupy specific loci (positions) on chromosomes, and it is the chromosomes that undergo segregation and independent assortment during meiosis. | chromosome theory of inheritance | 92 | |
| 2325204424 | Genes on the same chromosome.... | tend to be inherited together | 93 | |
| 2326431812 | multiple alleles example in humans | ABO blood groups | 94 | |
| 2324902260 | law of segregation occurs during | meiosis | 95 | |
| 2327979961 | example of polygenic inheritance in humans | skin color | 96 | |
| 2328154777 | what two human conditions can be influenced by the environment | susceptibility to alcoholism and schizophrenia | 97 | |
| 2328160199 | what did Mendel call genes? | heritable factors | 98 | |
| 2328176339 | genes that tend to be inherited together are called | linked genes | 99 | |
| 2328179556 | Linked genes generally do not follow Mendel's law of | independent assortment | 100 | |
| 2328185460 | Why do linked genes tend to be inherited together? | Because they are located close together on the same chromosome | 101 | |
| 2328200021 | The percentage of recombinants is called the | recombination frequency | 102 | |
| 2328203072 | what breaks linkages between genes | crossing over in prophase I of meiosis | 103 | |
| 2328226851 | Geneticists can use crossover data to | map genes | 104 | |
| 2328228664 | a diagram of relative gene locations is called a | linkage map | 105 | |
| 2328234249 | determine an individual's sex | sex chromosomes | 106 | |
| 2328249816 | gene on the Y chromosome that plays a crucial role in gender determination | SRY gene | 107 | |
| 2328259253 | A gene located on either sex chromosome is called a | sex-linked gene | 108 | |
| 2328266431 | Human sex-linked disorders affect mostly males or females? | males | 109 | |
| 2328268629 | Are sex-linked genes typically on the X or Y chromosome | X | 110 | |
| 2328270849 | is hemophilia a sex-linked disorder? | yes | 111 | |
| 2328275869 | is red-green colorblindness a sex-linked disorder? | yes | 112 | |
| 2328277143 | is Duchenne muscular dystrophy a sex-linked disorder? | yes | 113 | |
| 2328278756 | condition characterized by a progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination | Duchenne muscular dystrophy | 114 | |
| 2328282368 | The Y chromosome is useful in tracing ancestry because | it is passed on virtually unchanged | 115 |
