Ms. Rankin, Honors Biology.
Episcopal School of Jacksonville, 2012-2013.
Terms : Hide Images
| 781578499 | Genetic Information | Information in DNA that tells a cell how to function. | |
| 781578500 | Chromosome | Pieces of DNA in the nucleus of a cell. | |
| 781578501 | DNA Replication | DNA is copied in preparation for cell division. | |
| 781578502 | Double Helix | Shape of DNA. | |
| 781578503 | DNA Polymerase | Enzyme that lines up corresponding nucleotides on the strand of DNA. | |
| 781578504 | Somatic Cells | Bodily cells (non-sex cells). | |
| 781578505 | Homologous Pairs | Two nearly identical chromosomes - each from one parent. | |
| 781578506 | Diploid Cell | A cell that has two sets of chromosomes. | |
| 781578507 | Ribose | Sugar contained in RNA. | |
| 781578508 | Uracil | Nucleotide unique to RNA. | |
| 781578509 | Transcription | The process of copying DNA information onto RNA. | |
| 781578510 | RNA Polymerase | Enzyme that creates a complimentary strand of RNA off a strand of DNA. | |
| 781578511 | mRNA | RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosomes. | |
| 781578512 | rRNA | RNA that interacts with ribosomes so protein synthesis can occur. | |
| 781578513 | tRNA | RNA that carries amino acids during protein synthesis. | |
| 781578514 | Translation | The process otherwise known as protein synthesis. | |
| 781578515 | Codon | A series of three nucleotides. | |
| 781578516 | Anticodon | Region on tRNA that pairs with mRNA codons during protein synthesis. | |
| 781578517 | Ribosome | Organelle that synthesizes protein. | |
| 781578518 | Interphase | The longest phase of the cell cycle. | |
| 781578519 | S-phase | Portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. | |
| 781578520 | Centromere | The place at which two chromatids are attached to each other to form a chromosome. | |
| 781578521 | Chromosome | One centromere connecting two chromatids. | |
| 781578522 | Prophase | Centrioles migrate to poles. Mitotic spindle is formed. Chromosomes condense. Nuclear membrane begins to break up. | |
| 781578523 | Metaphase | Chromosomes line up on the center of the cell. | |
| 781578524 | Metaphase Plate | Equator of the cell. This is where chromosomes line up during cell division. | |
| 781578525 | Anaphase | Centromeres are split. Chromatids are separated and move toward separate sides of the cell. | |
| 781578526 | Telophase | Cleavage furrow is present. Membrane begins to split. | |
| 781578527 | Cytokinesis | Cytoplasmic division. | |
| 781578528 | Zygote | Cell formed from an egg and sperm. | |
| 781578529 | Tetrad | Two chromosomes, four chromatids. | |
| 781578530 | Gametes | Sex cells. | |
| 781578531 | Haploid Cell | Cell that has only one set of chromosomes. | |
| 781578532 | Crossing Over | The time at which segments on chromosomes are exchanged. Takes place during Prophase I. | |
| 781578533 | Phenotype | A physical trait of an organism. | |
| 781578534 | Allele | A gene that expresses a certain trait. | |
| 781578535 | Homozygous | A pair of alleles that agree on how a trait will be expressed. | |
| 781578536 | Heterozygous | A pair of alleles that do not agree on how a trait will be expressed. | |
| 781578537 | Codominance | Expressed when multiple alleles are expressed by a mixture of the two. | |
| 781578538 | Genotype | The genetic type of an organism. | |
| 781578539 | Autosomes | Non-sex chromosomes (not the X and Y chromosomes). | |
| 781578540 | Sex Chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine whether an organism is male or female. | |
| 781578541 | Law of Dominance | Law that states that a trait will be dominant and, if placed with a recessive trait, will be expressed. | |
| 781578542 | Law of Segregation | Law that states that alleles separate and recombine during fertilization. | |
| 781578543 | Law of Independent Assortment | Law that states that traits will not only segregate, but will do so randomly. | |
| 781578544 | Monohybrid Cross | A cross in which only one trait is being studied. | |
| 781578545 | Dihybrid Cross | A cross in which two separate traits are being studied at the same time. | |
| 781578546 | Sex-linked Traits | Traits whose alleles are carried on one of the sex chromosomes. | |
| 781578547 | X-linked Traits | Traits whose alleles are carried on the X chromosome. X-linked conditions are more common in men. | |
| 781578548 | Hemophilia | A condition in which blood does not clot. Can result in bleeding out and death. | |
| 781578549 | Carrier | An organism that carries, but does not display, a certain trait. | |
| 781578550 | Pedigree | A chart that shows the presence of a particular phenotype in a given family over two or more generations. |
