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| Location: Hypothalamus Target: Ant. pituitary cells that secrete growth hormone Response: Increases growth hormone secretion | ||
| Location: Hypothalamus Target: Ant. pituitary cells that secrete growth hormone Response: Decreases growth hormone secretion | ||
| Location: Hypothalamus Target: Ant. pituitary cells that secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone Response: Increases thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion | ||
| Location: Hypothalamus Target: Ant. pituitary cells that secrete adenocorticotropic hormone Response: Increases adenocorticotropic hormone secretion | ||
| Location: Hypothalamus Target: Ant. pituitary cells that secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Response: Increases secretion of LH and FSH | ||
| Location: Hypothalamus Target: Ant. pituitary cells that secrete prolactin Response: Increases prolactin secretion | ||
| Location: Hypothalamus Target: Ant. pituitary cells that secrete prolactin Response: Decreases prolactin secretion | ||
| Location: Posterior Pituitary Gland Target: Kidneys Response: Constricts blood vessels, raises blood pressure, increases water absorption --> less urine | ||
| Location: Posterior Pituitary Gland Target: Uterus, mammary glands Response: Uterine contractions (labor), milk expulsion, unclear function in males | ||
| Location: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: most bone and skeletal tissues Response: Increases protein synthesis & decreases protein breakdown, increases cell size & division, increases fat & sugar metabolism, promotes bone & cartilage growth | ||
| Location: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: thyroid gland Response: Increases thyroid hormone secretion | ||
| Location: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: Adrenal cortex Response: Increases glucocorticoid (cortisol, corticosterone) hormone secretion | ||
| Location: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: Fat tissues Response: Increases fat breakdown | ||
| Location: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: brain Response: analgesia in brain, inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion | ||
| Location: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: melanocytes in skin Response: Increases melatonin --> darkening of skin | ||
| Location: Anterior Pituitary Gland; Target: ovaries and testes; Response: estrogen & progesterone production in females, testosterone in males | ||
| Location: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: follicles of ovaries, seminiferous tubules in testes Response: Stimulates gamete (eggs and sperm) production | ||
| Location: Anterior Pituitary Gland Target: ovaries & mammary glands in females Response: Produce milk | ||
| Location: Thyroid Target tissue: most cells of the body Response: Increases metabolic rate; essential for growth and maturation | ||
| Location: Thyroid Target tissue: most cells of the body Response: Increases metabolic rate; essential for growth and maturation | ||
| Location: Thyroid Target: most cells of the body Response: Decreases rate of bone breakdown by osteoclasts --> decreases calcium levels in blood | ||
| Location: Parathyroid Target: Bone, kidney, small intestine Function: Increases rate of bone breakdown by osteoclasts --> increases calcium levels in blood | ||
| Location: Adrenal Medulla Target: Heart, blood vessels, liver, adipose cells Response: Stimulates heart, constricts blood vessels, dilates bronchioles, increases metabolic activities to sustain "fight or flight" response | ||
| Location: Adrenal Cortex/Zona glomerulosa Target: Kidney Response: Controls potassium and sodium levels in blood, enhances water reabsorption | ||
| Location: Adrenal Cortex/Zona fasciculata Target: Most tissues Response: Controls glucose levels in blood, maintains blood sugar during fasting/starvation, inhibition of immune response and decreased inflammation | ||
| Location: Adrenal Cortex/Zona reticularis Target: Most tissues Response: development of secondary sex characteristics (axillary & pubic hair, etc) | ||
| Location: Pancreas Target: liver Response: Increases breakdown of glycogen, turns glycogen into glucose and releases it into the bloodstream --> raises blood sugar levels | ||
| Location: Pancreas Target: liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue Response: Increases uptake of glucose, converts it to lipids --> lowers blood sugar levels | ||
| Location: Testes Target: most cells Response: Male reproduction and characteristics | ||
| Location: Ovaries Target: most cells Response: Female reproduction and characteristics | ||
| Location: Ovaries Target: most cells Response: Female reproduction and characteristics | ||
| Location: Testes, Ovaries Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland Response: Inhibits FSH secretion | ||
| Location: Ovaries Target: Anterior Pituitary Gland Response: Increases flexibility of symphysis pubis for birth | ||
| Location: Pineal Gland Target: Hypothalamus Response: Inhibition of GnRH --> decreases reproduction, monitors day/night schedule | ||
| Location: Thymus Target: Immune tissues Response: formation of T Cells involved in immune response |
