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| 6319358431 | Discussion Review | 0 | ||
| 6319355864 | Key changes in the appearance of domesticated plants include | better adapted to anthropogenic environments: more spatially and genetically different from wild plants, important phenotypic changes | 1 | |
| 6319374511 | Commensal relationship | Relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits from the other without affecting it | 2 | |
| 6319386693 | Historical ecology | the combination of the nature of the environment and the type of human society determine the impact to the environment | 3 | |
| 6319400917 | Examples of resource management | Burning vegetation to enrich soil; construction of erosion. Control features; creating new irrigation canals | 4 | |
| 6319412106 | Multiple Pathways to Domestication | differences in the nature of human animal relationship influenced the evolution of certain species that were predisposed to developing a close relationship with humans | 5 | |
| 6319427535 | Possibilism | Nature limits what humans can do | 6 | |
| 6319433338 | When did deforestation of Rapa Nui happen? | Soon after colonization | 7 | |
| 6319437081 | Demographic pressure hypothesis | Which hypothesis stats large populations cannot support themselves through hunting gathering activities | 8 | |
| 6319462342 | Hunting by anatomically modern humans (AMH), especially in the last 65,000 years, is different from hunting by earlier forms of pre modern humans (such as Neanderthals) because | Only modern humans intensively hunt difficult-to-catch small game, such as rabbits and birds, as well as large animals. | 9 | |
| 6320406044 | Key Terms | 10 | ||
| 6320451203 | Plasticity | built-in flexibility of an individual/group to adjust to changing conditions | 11 | |
| 6320460878 | Environment | * the changing complex of physical, cultural, chemical, and biological factors in which an organism or a community exits * various interactions: - biological: soil, plants, animals - non-biotic: climate, geology, water - culture: belief systems, social/economic system, political organization, personal attitudes | 12 | |
| 6320516238 | Culture | dynamic system of learned and shared behaviors, concepts, symbols, and beliefs that facilitates and provide meaning to a human's interaction with their environment | 13 | |
| 6320585378 | Environmental Determinism | - nature controls human actions - anthropogeoraphy; environmental condition are so limiting that they dictate how humans live. Biproduct of colonization-settlers started to recognize that they lived different lifestyles that were closely ties to the environment | 14 | |
| 6320665094 | Possiblism | - nature sets limits on human action - environments are limiting, but not determine how much humans live. Some behaviors are more "reasonable" than others depending on the environment. Not a theory, makes no predictions. | 15 | |
| 6321887965 | Cultural Ecology | - adaptations through cultural mean - More efficient behaviors selected for over time. Early proponent Julian Steward in 1930's and Marvin Harris in 1960's. - Key perspectives; nature eventually finds equilibrium, cultures adapt to produce payoff, good decisions, increase returns and bad decisions have high costs, decisions ar based off of short-term outcomes | 16 | |
| 6321931913 | Political Ecology | - judges the effects of daily behavior on'e's environment - Popularized in late 1970's/ early 1980s. Explore how regular social relationship (political, economic, social) influence people or their environment. Studies applied to resource management in contemporary societies and fate of small scale, indigenous communities faced with "modernization". | 17 | |
| 6321972219 | Historical Ecology | - Individuals important player in environment - outgrowth of cultural geography studies of 1970's. Historical events are key reason for change. Humans and environment are completely interrelated. - Key assumptions: *Humans primary cause in ecological changes *Humanly-induced change is not inherently good or bad *Sociopolitical and economic structure of society influence nature of environmental impact. *Combination of the nature of environment with structure of the society determines the type of environmental impact | 18 | |
| 6322034600 | Equilibrium System | human responses are (eventually) in sync with their changing environment (new condition = new ideas) | 19 | |
| 6322049035 | Anthropogenic | - anthro (human) + genic (produced) - human alteration or manipulation to their environment | 20 | |
| 6322074962 | Resource Management | applying selective planned, and/or organized exploitation strategies to an entity or feature of limit availability | 21 | |
| 6322097622 | Domestication | a change in behavior, physiology, and/or genetics of species that reflect greater interdependence between people and animals | 22 | |
| 6322110225 | Dispersal | a change in the natural distribution of specoes | 23 | |
| 6322116909 | Active impacts | - Purposeful or intentional effects - canals, quarry, coal - decisions made with imperfect or incomplete knowledge; long and short-term consequences of unknown | 24 | |
| 6322261290 | Passive Impacts | Indirect or unintended effects - more profound negative; effects; may not have small scale effect | 25 | |
| 6322378796 | Ritual & Environmental Impacts | utilizes supernatural powers to protect important resources, highlights importance of resources and ensures proper use, maintains balance between human actions and environment | 26 | |
| 6322412790 | Ecologically "Noble savage" | - coined by explorer Marc Lescarbot in 1609. \ - Picked up by early environmentalists - Suggests: indigenous people lack many of the problems of European society, lived in harmony with the nature, and did not cause environmental damage like many state level societies | 27 | |
| 6322451301 | Overkill hypothsis | - Premise of human overkill been in existence since 1860s. - Strongest supporters are often researchers who work in other fields and areas | 28 | |
| 6322591318 | Pacific Islands | micronesia: settled first; closest to mainlands melanesia: settled second polynesia: settled last; furthest from mainlands | 29 | |
| 6322605771 | Domesticate | an animal or plant adapted to an intimate association with humans | 30 | |
| 6322611810 | Mutalism | relationship in which both species derive benefit | 31 | |
| 6322615974 | Simple foraging | collecting available wild resources without modification to environment | 32 | |
| 6322622471 | horticulture | growing domesticated fruit, plants, and vegetables in small gardens (small-scale farming) | 33 | |
| 6322628152 | arigculture | producing food, feed, fiber, fuel, and other goods by systematic raising of domesticated plants and animals (large-scale farming) | 34 | |
| 6322654937 | teosinte (wild) | - small and few kernels - seeds drop easily (shattering) - germinate and ripen at different rates | 35 | |
| 6322665883 | Maize (domesticated) | - large and many kernels - seeds do not drop - uniform germination and ripening | 36 | |
| 6325265290 | Zoonose | Infectious disease that can be transmitted from other animals | 37 | |
| 6325273956 | Commensal Domesticates | Species adapt to live with humans; dogs, cats, pigs, chicken, turkey | 38 | |
| 6325291781 | People/reserchers | 39 | ||
| 6325308892 | Charles Darwin (1809-1882) | developer of theory of evolution (natural selection-adaption to envrionment) | 40 | |
| 6325319671 | John Muir (1838-1914) | naturalist and preservationist, Sierra Club founded, lobbied for national parks | 41 | |
| 6325331297 | George Marsh (1801-1882) | author of Man and Nature, suggested human endanger their existence by irrational, exploitive use of nature | 42 | |
| 6325374772 | Carl Sauer (1889-1975) | geographer who laid theoretical foundation of cultural ecology, argued human societies need a responsible stewardship of the sustaining Earth. | 43 | |
| 6325454125 | Paul Martin | Overkill hypothesis; modern version of model most strongly developed. | 44 | |
| 6325552675 | Marvin Harris, Roy Rappaport | Modern View 1960's-1980's - Indigenous group have detailed knowledge of nature, use this knowledge to establish sustainable management system. - Key feature in native people's identity and political/ecological activism | 45 | |
| 6325580367 | Jared Diamond, Shepard Krech, Raymond Hames | Critics Response - Questioned idea of group-level adaptation - "conservation" not intentional; small population, limited technology, low demand, numerous examples of environmental damage | 46 | |
| 6325614695 | V. Gordon Childe | Environmental change; recent revival of theory - Key issues; climate change cause plants/animals into close relationship with humans, agriculture response to either environmental degradation (food scarcity) or climate amelioration (new opportunities) | 47 | |
| 6325643477 | Lewis Binford, Mark Cohen | Demographic pressure; developed in 1960s-1970s - Key issues; population pressure on wild food supply if there are >9 people/100km^2, more intensive use of animals and plants (including agriculture) needed to feed people | 48 | |
| 6325675741 | Bryan Hayden, Jacque Cauvin, Ian Hodder | Social Organization & Ideology; developed in 1990s - Key issues; predisposed to self-aggrandize and accumulate "wealth", periods of food abundance allows people acquire surplus, agriculture products were rare of delicacies and used to show social power & influence | 49 | |
| 6325710551 | Melinda Zeder (2012) | Multiple pathways to domestication; commensal domesticates, prey domesticates, directed domesticates. | 50 |
