Review of all IB Biology subjects.
Terms : Hide Images
| the study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment | ||
| a system made up of organisms as well as the abiotic factors in the area | ||
| a group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time | ||
| a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area | ||
| a group of organisms which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring | ||
| the environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism | ||
| producers; they can make their own food | ||
| consumers; they feed on ready made organic material | ||
| organisms that feed on the detritus and decomposing organic material of living organisms | ||
| decomposers; organisms that feed on dead organisms and products of living organisms | ||
| the maximum number of organisms of a species, or the maximum population size which an environment is able to support | ||
| a sample where every individual in a population has an equal chance of being chosen | ||
| Position in the food chain, determined by the number of energy-transfer steps to that level; a functional classification of taxa within a community that is based on feeding relationships | ||
| used to summarize the spread of values around the mean; ∑((X-X)²/n-1) | ||
| a group of organisms with similar characteristics, which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring | ||
| unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms; may be auto or heterotrophic and live in salt and fresh water | ||
| eukaryotic and feed by absorption of nutrients; cell walls are made of chitin | ||
| eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms; cell wall contains cellulose and cells contain chlorophyll | ||
| feed by ingestion | ||
| change in a gene pool of a species over a period of time | ||
| the number of years it takes for 50% of a sample to decay | ||
| a discrete structure within a cell, and has a specific function | ||
| measure size of diagram ÷ actual size of object | ||
| an integrated group of cells that share structure and are adapted to perform a similar function | ||
| a combination of two or more tissues which function as an integrated unit, performing one or more specific functions | ||
| a group of organs that specialize in a certain function together | ||
| movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient | ||
| passive movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration across a semi permeable membrane | ||
| molecules containing carbon that are found in living systems (Not CO2); often have covalent bonds | ||
| a globular protein that accelerates a specific reaction; catalysts that can be used over and over | ||
| the region of an enzyme surface that binds to the substrate during the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme | ||
| a structural change in a protein that results in a loss of its biological properties | ||
| more than one codon can code for a single amino acid | ||
| codes are the same for all living organisms | ||
| the reassortment of genes into different combinations from the parents | ||
| a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic consisting of a length of DNA occupying a specific position on a chromosome called a locus | ||
| a specific form of a gene, usually differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same locus as other alleles of the gene | ||
| the total genetic material of an organelle, organism, or cell | ||
| the total of all genes carried by the individuals in a population | ||
| a change in the base sequence of a gene | ||
| the alleles possessed by an organism | ||
| the characteristics of an organism | ||
| an allele which as the same effect on the pheno type whether it is in a homozygous or heterozygous state | ||
| an allele which has an effect on the phenotype in the homozygous state | ||
| alleles which have a partial effect in the heterozygous state but a more pronounced effect in the homozygous state | ||
| the position of a gene on the chromosome | ||
| having two copies of an allele | ||
| having different alleles of a gene | ||
| an individual that has a recessive allele that does not have an effect on the phenotype | ||
| testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known recessive homozygote | ||
| genes carried on the sex chromosomes, usually the X | ||
| a group of genes whose loci are on the same chromosome | ||
| the inheritance of a characteristic which is controlled by more than one gene | ||
| testing individuals in a population for the presence of a gene (or a certain allele of a gene) | ||
| a group of organisms of identical genotype or a group of cells descended from a single parent cell | ||
| the controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from organic compounds in cells | ||
| organisms that cause disease | ||
| immunity due to production of antibodies by the organism itself after infection | ||
| immunity due to acquisition of antibodies from another source (can be injected by needle or passed through placenta or breast milk) | ||
| immunity due to infection | ||
| immunity due to a vaccine | ||
| electrical impulse across a cell membrane when not propagating an impulse | ||
| the localized reversal and then restoration of electrical potential between the inside and outside of a neuron as the impulse passes along it | ||
| behavior that normally occurs in all members of a species despite natural variation in environmental influences | ||
| locomotion in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus | ||
| movement in an organism where the rate depends on the stimulus | ||
| modification of behavior in an animal as a result of the detection of correlations between external events | ||
| a learning procedure in which a reinforcement follows a particular response | ||
| an attachment to an object encountered during a short period after birth, usually a parent | ||
| a linear and simple feeding relation, where one organism has one type of food and is eaten by one type of organism | ||
| more complex than a food chain and it includes a larger variety of organisms, Each of which feed on a variety of other organisms and they are in turn fed on by more organisms | ||
| a NATURAL PHENOMENON that was required for life to form on the planet | ||
| energy losses between trophic levels include material not consumed or material not assimilated and heat loss through cell respiration | ||
| if (natality + immigration) > (mortality + emigration) then a population is increasing | ||
| occurs when there are no controlling factors | ||
| the birthrate begins to decrease | ||
| occur as carrying capacity is reached | ||
| more effect in crowded populations (predation and disease) | ||
| independent of population size (weather, natural disasters) | ||
| originate outside the population (food supply, natural enemies, disease, weather) | ||
| seen in the physiology or behavior (less offspring in crowded populations, mass migration) | ||
| prokaryotae, protoctista, fungi, plantae and animalia | ||
| unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; circular DNA | ||
| kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species |
