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Immune System - AP Biology Flashcards

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6644479072First Line of DefenseNonspecific barrier to keep out pathogens ex: skin, stomach acid, mucous, cilia0
6644479073Second Line of DefenseNonspecific defense and inflammatory response initiated by chemical signals to attack and isolate invading pathogens1
6644479074Inflammatory ResponseVasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature2
6644479075Histamineschemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area3
6644479076PhagocytesWhite blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages4
6644479078Specific immunityB and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response5
6644479080LymphocyteWhite blood cell6
6644479081B Cellsinvolved in Humoral response - produces plasma cells/antibodies7
6644479082T Cellslymphocytes in Cell-mediated response8
6644479083Helper T CellSet off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through -activates killers and B memory cells9
6644479084Cytotoxic (killer) T CellKills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells10
6644479085MacrophagesWBC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells11
6644479090Memory CellsResponsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection12
6644479091AntibodyY-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction13
6644479092AntigenIdentifying marker on the outside of a pathogen14
6644479093Passive ImmunityTemporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child15
6644479094HIVA retrovirus that attacks helper T cells16
6644479095Autoimmune diseaseA mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself17
6644479096AllergyHypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine18
6669537134bacteriophagesviruses that infect bacteria19
6669542051lytic cyclevirus cycle that causes cell to burst as new viruses burst out20
6669579637lysogenic cyclecycle whereby viral DNA is incorporated into host chromosome for a while before it is triggered to reproduce21
6669592380retrovirusesviruses with RNA as main molecule. Use reverse transcriptase to copy it into DNA.22
6669606319vaccinesharmless version of a pathogen is injected to stimulate the immune system to build defenses against the actual pathogen23
6669614731viroidscircular RNA that infects plants24
6669619216prioninfectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals25
6669626168capsidprotein coat of a virus26
6669637527mast cellscells that release histamine in the inflammatory response27
6669662821suppressor T cells (not on test)SPECIFIC T cell shuts down the killer Ts28
6669678550interferonsubstance a viral infected cell releases to block the reproduction of viruses29

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