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India and China World History Flashcards

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3140797307Where did the Indus River run through?north India0
3140812176What were the Indus River sources?Hindu Kush and Himalayas1
3143067698What river was more predictable than the Nile?Indus2
3143069850What 3 things were cultivated in Indus Valley?wheat, cotton, barley3
3143075377What were the two main cities of the Harappa society?Harappa and Mohenjo-daro4
3143079358What did Harappa and Mohenjo-daro do?standardized weights, measures, architectural styles and brick sizes5
3143089288What did the Harappan religious beliefs emphasize?fertility6
3143090628When did the Harappan society decline?1900 BCE onward7
3143094152What led to subsistence crisis of the Harappan society?ecological degradation8
3143099117When did the entire Harappan society ALMOST collapse?1500 BCE9
3143111116What was the Bhagavad Gita?short poetic work10
3143112752Whom was the Bhagavad Gita a dialogue between?Vishnu and warrior11
3143114842What did the Bhagavad Gita illustrate?expectations of Hinduism and promise of salvation12
3143126917Mahabrata with Baghavad GitaSmriti texts13
3143130132Smriti sacred textsremember texts, great epic stories14
3143130133Avatarwhen a g descends to interact with humans15
3143133302Moksharelease Atman and reunite with divine16
3143135398Darsanseeing the deity (but not worshipping an idol)17
3143140017Guruspiritual leader in Hinduism18
3143144766VishnuPreserver god19
3143144767Pujamaking offerings to and decorating deity images20
3143147212Shivaconstructive destruction god21
3143148447Atmansoul22
3143148448Bhakti YogaPath of Devotion23
3143151143BrahmanUltimate, impersonal deity24
3143152398UpanishadsHindu writings focused on What is there and What is it like25
3143154000Samsarareincarnation26
3143154001Karmaspiritual impurity27
3143155557Prasadeating food shared with deity28
3143155558Paja YogaPath of Meditation29
3143159950VedasHindu writings focused on rituals and gods30
3143161471Aryansmigrated to Indus River Valley31
3143161472Brahmacreator god32
3143162777Vedas and UpanishadsShruti texts33
3143167549Shruti Sacred textsheard texts, oldest within Hinduism34
3143170096Who practices Hinduism?the Indian people35
3143176463What 3 other religions did Hinduism give birth to?Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism36
3143183643How many deities are there in Hinduism?many37
3143185849How many impersonal Ultimate Realities are there?single38
3143195888Does every Hindu worship all of the (millions) of deities?no39
3143207743What are all the gods forms of?reality40
3143209622What is the Ultimate Reality?mystic, cosmic-scale presence41
3143214465What type of religion is Hinduism? (Think: polytheistic, monotheistic)both, polytheistic, monotheistic and neither42
3143219496What is Hinduism a philosophy of?way of life43
3143221306What is Hinduism focused on?this world and beyond44
3143224775What is Hinduism (sometimes) also classified by some?culture45
3143226495Who was the founder of Hinduism?no particular founder46
3143229613Name 2 sacred Hindu textsShruti and Smriti47
3143231287What are Shruti texts?heard oldest and most authoritative48
3143233434What are Smriti texts?remembered great epic stories49
3143239484What, according to Hindu, is the true essence of lifeAtman (the soul)50
3143246009Confucian ideas say that you are ___ and ___in charactermoral and ethical51
3143300255Who was the founder of Confucianism?Confucius and Mencius52
3143249531Who was Confucius?educator and political advisor53
3143253598What did Confucian ideas center information on?junzi54
3143254939What is junzi?superior indiviudals55
3143259910List 4 key confucian valuesRen Li Xiao Morality/Junzi56
3143261806What is Ren?a sense of humanity, kindest, benevolence57
3143263514What is Li?a sense of propriety, courtesy, respect, deference to elders58
3143265143What is Xiao?filial piety, family obligation59
3143270727Who was Mencius?spokesman for Confucian school60
3143272167What did Mencius believe?in the goodness of human nature (red)61
3143274592What did Mencius advocate government by?benevolence and humanity62
3143279049What type of view did Xunzi have on human nature?less positive63
3143280429What did Xunzi believe about humans?purely selfish, pursue own interests64
3143285328What did Xunzi prefer in order to bring organization to societyharsh social discipline65
3143291093What did Xunzi advocate?moral education and good public behavior66
3143294629What did Daoism feature?prominent critics of Confucian activism67
3143296140What did Daoism prefer?philosophical reflection and introspection, a life in harmony with nature68
3143298077Who was the founder of Daoism?Laozi69
3143311001What did Laozi allegedly write?Daodejing70
3143312432What was the Daodejing?Classic of the Way and of Virtue71
3143318688What is Zhuangziwritings; compendium of Daoist philosophy72
3143321739What is the Dao?the way of nature, the way of the cosmos73
3144289404How does the Dao accomplish everything?by doing nothing74
3144295010According to the Dao, how should humans tailor their behavior?to the passive and yielding nature of the Dao75
3144299381According to the Dao, what has only brought this world chaos?ambition and activism76
3144303484What type of communities did the Dao advocate?small, self-sufficient77
3144332157What were the political implications of Daoism?served as counterbalance to Confucian activism78
3144336456What is Legalism?the doctrine of practical and efficient statecraft (no concern with ethic and morality) (no concern with the principles governing nature)79
3144341982Who was Shang Yan?chief minister of Qin and Legalist writer80
3144343799Who Han Feizi?synthesized Legalist ideas in essays81
3144348539Name the 6 things the Legalist doctrine did1. the state's strength was in agriculture and military force 2. discouraging commerce, education and the arts 3. harnessing self-interest of the people for the needs of the state 4. called for harsh penalties even for minor infractions 5. advocated collective responsibility before the law 6. not popular among Chinese, but practical; put end to Period of Warring States82
3144367582Who founded Buddhism?Siddhartha Gautama (became the Buddha)83
3144372428Why did Siddhartha Gautama give up his comfortable life?to search for the cause of suffering84
3144374298Where did Siddhartha Gautama receive enlightenment?under the bo tree85
3144376692Where was Siddhartha Gautama the first sermon at?Deer Park of Sarnath86
3144386682Who did Siddhartha Gautama organize and what were they made into?group of followers into community of monk87
3144390091What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine?the dharma88
3144393521According to Buddhism, what are the ways to end suffering?Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path89
3144397000According to Buddhism, what is suffering caused by?desire90
3144407796What is the religious goal of Buddhismpersonal salvation (nirvana) state of perfect spiritual independence91
3144411073Who did Buddhism appeal to?members of lower castes because it did not recognize social hierarchies of castes and jati92
3144416417What was one of the reasons Buddhism became more popular?less demanding than Jainism93
3144418979Rather than using Sanskrit, what did Buddhism use?vernacular tongues94
3144426444Where was Qin located?west China95
3144431087What policies did Qin dynasty adopt?legalist96
3144433176What did the Qin dynasty encourage? Why?agriculture; resulted in strong economy97
3144438707What type of weapons did they use? (Think: material)iron98
3144440691How did the Qin dynasty unify China in 221 BCE?conquered other states99
3144440692Who was the first emperor?Qin Shihuangdi100
3144444042What did Qin Shihuangdi establish?centralized imperial rule101
3144447169What project did Qin Shihuangdi do?connecting and extending the Great Wall102
3144450334Why did Qin Shihuangdi bury 460 scholars alive?their criticism against the Qin103
3144451776What books did Qin Shihuangdi not burn?some with utilitarian value104
3144456480During the Qin dynasty where were the tombs placed and what were they?underground; palaces with life-sized terra cotta figures105
3144467147How did the Qin dynasty collapse? (2 reasons)1. massive public works generated tremendous ill among people 2. waves of revels overwhelmed Qin court106
3144479233The Huang He and the Yangtze Rivers flow into the ___ which is formed by the ____ ____.Tibetan Plateau; Himalaya Mountains107
3144486667Why did India used to be a separate piece of land, but it moved north and is still moving north today?plate tectonics108
3144489802Because India is constantly moving, what formed?Himalaya Mountains109
3144495495Where does the snow from the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau flow through?rivers into the East China, Yellow and South China seas110
3144499474What River Valley does Eastern Zhou grow out of?Huang He111
3144502515Where does Western Zhou expand to?coastal areas of Huang He and Yangtze valleys112
3144506704Where does the Xin Dynasty emerge from?where Western Zhou was113
3144511462Because the empire in the Zhou Dynasty became so large, where did another ruler rule from?Xi'an114
3144515283Where was the local power entrusted to?regional rulers who collected tribute for the Zhou rulers115
3144518121What was the Zhou Dynasty's religion governed by? (2 things)local beliefs nature spirits116
3144522516What did the Zhou Dynasty introduce and popularize?Mandate of Heaven117
3144524295What did the Mandate of Heaven state? (2 things)1. earthly power of rulers was given by heavens 2. right to rule could be taken away by heavens if ruler was not observing high standards of honor and justice, ensuring order and harmony118
3144533554What type of writing-language was used during the Zhou Dynasty?pictographic language119
3144535914What did pictographic language look like?just like what the characters represented120
3145196507What was the Zhou Dynasty's social structure order?Zhou ruler regional governor province magistrates noblemen gentry gentlemen yeoman commander peasant slaves121
3145217572Where did the Zhou Dynasty trade?Asia122
3145222072Where did the Zhou Dynasty get the horse-drawn chariots?central Asia123
3145226855Where did the Zhou Dynasty get tin for metallurgy?Malay peninsula124
3145232375Where did the Zhou Dynasty get shells?Burma and Maldive Islands125
3145237991Where did the Zhou Dynasty (possibly) get pottery from?Mohenjo-daro and Harappa126
3145248131What is 1 reason the Zhou Dynasty ended?1. towards end of the dynasty, they began to fight127
3145255085What is the name of the dynasty after the Zhou?Xin Dynasty128
3143135204Darsan129

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