Adapted from "The Earth and its Peoples: A Global History," 5th ed., Chapter 6
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| 291423155 | monsoon | seasonal winds in the Indian Ocean that cause seasons of heavy rain and are used by sailors to traverse the Indian Ocean | 0 | |
| 291423156 | Vedas | early Indian sacred knowledge preserved by Brahmin priests and eventually written down | 1 | |
| 291423157 | varna | the four major social divisions of India: Brahmin priest class, Kshatriya warrior/administrator class, Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and Shudra laborer class | 2 | |
| 291423158 | jati | regional groups of people within the varna who have a common culture | 3 | |
| 291423159 | karma | the residue of deeds performed in past and present lives that adhere to a spirit and determine what form it will assume in its next cycle | 4 | |
| 291423160 | moksha | the Hindu concept of the spirit's liberation from the endless cycle of rebirths | 5 | |
| 291423161 | Buddha | an Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama who renounced his wealth and social position and enunciated the principles of Buddhism after being enlightened | 6 | |
| 291423162 | Mahayana Buddhism | "Great Vehicle" branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia | 7 | |
| 291423163 | Theravada Buddhism | "Way of the Elders" branch of Buddhism followed in Sri Lanka and much of Southeast Asia | 8 | |
| 291423164 | Hinduism | a general term for a wide variety of beliefs and ritual practices that have developed in the Indian subcontinent since antiquity | 9 | |
| 291423165 | Mauryan Empire | the first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent, founded by Chandragupta Maurya | 10 | |
| 291423166 | Ashoka | third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India | 11 | |
| 291423167 | Mahabharata | a vast epic chronicling the events leading up to a cataclysmic battle between related kinship groups in early India | 12 | |
| 291423168 | Bhagavad-Gita | the most important work of Indian sacred literature | 13 | |
| 291423169 | Tamil kingdoms | the kingdoms of southern India, inhabited primarily by speakers of Dravidian languages | 14 | |
| 291423170 | Gupta Empire | a powerful Indian state based in the Ganges valley | 15 | |
| 291423171 | theater-state | a state that acquires its power by developing attractive cultural forms and staging elaborate public ceremonies to attract and bind subjects to the center | 16 | |
| 291423172 | Funan | an early complex society in Southeast Asia, particularly Southern Vietnam, between the first and sixth centuries CE | 17 |
