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| 292160328 | Mauryan Empire (India) | -core= kingdom of Magadha b/c of its wealth based on agriculture, iron mines, and its strategic location astride the trade routes of the eastern Ganges Basin -founded by Chandragupta after he was ruler of Magadha -unification of most of India -possibly the origination of the theory of foreign policy: my enemy's enemy is my friend -grew wealthy from taxes on agriculture, iron mining, and control of trade routes -large imperial army -standard coinage issued -capital: Pataliputra -Ashoka, Chadragupta's grandson, extended the boundaries of the empire...overwhelmed by the brutality of one of his victories, he became a Buddhist and published edicts and inscribed them on rocks, etc. throughout the empire | 0 | |
| 292160329 | Gupta Empire (India) | -began w/ the kingdom of Magadha -controlled northern and central India -controlled iron deposits, established state monopolies, and collected a 25% tax on agriculture -used their army to control core area -provincial administration was left to governors who often made their posts into hereditary positions -theater state -invented Arabic numerals and the concept of zero -women lost the right to inherit and own property and to participate in key rituals, treated like Shudras, married very young, sati-widows required to burn themselves on their husbands funeral pyre -to escape this: join a religious community, be a member of an extremely wealthy family, or to be a courtesan -religious toleration..development of the classic form of Hindu temples, Brahmins regain power, influence, and wealth -linked to the outside world by extensive trade networks -collapsed (550CE) under the financial burden of defense against the Huns | 1 | |
| 292160330 | Sasanid Empire (Iranian) | -mountains and plateaus of Iran -cities = small walled communities that served more as military strong points than centers of population -society revolved around the local aristocracy that lived on rural estates and cultivated the arts of hunting, feasting, and war -defeated the Parthians (Iranian ruling dynasty) and established empire -fought w/ the Romans (Byzantines) but in times of peace= exchange across the Silk Road -successfully maintained central control of imperial finances and military power and found effective ways of integrating frontier peoples as mercenaries or caravaneers -state religion: Zoroastrianism -religion affected laws and way of life | 2 | |
| 292187401 | Mali Empire (Western Sudan) | -established by Sundiata, the leader of the Malinke people -economy rested on agriculture and was supplemented by control of regional and trans-Saharan trade routes and by control of the gold mines of the Niger headwaters -Mansa Kankan Musa: displayed his fabulous wealth on a pilgrimage to Mecca when he devalued gold in Cairo -on his return, he established new mosques and Quran schools -declined and collapsed in the mid to late 15th cent b/c of rebellions from w/in and attacks from w/out | 3 | |
| 292187402 | Delhi Sultanate | -the divided states of NW India were defeated by violent Muslim Turkish conquerors under the leadership of Sultan Iltutmish -Muslim state -Muslim elite settled down to rule their subjects peacefully, but their Hindu subjects never forgave the violence of the conquest -passed his throne onto his daughter Raziya (talented, but driven from office by men unwilling to accept a female monarch) -under 2 later rulers, the _______ carried out a policy of aggressive territorial expansion -sultans generally ruled by terror and were a burden on their subjects -in the mid 14th cent, internal rivalries and external threats undermined the stability of the sultanate, which was destroyed when Timur sacked _____ | 4 | |
| 292187403 | Assyrian Empire | -northern Mesopotamia, more hilly than Babylon -farmers provided foot soldiers for army -constant campaigns of conquest to bring back tribute, treasure, taxes, and to control international commerce and resources -all powerful king claimed support of god Ashur -king at center of gov and state religion -tried to use military force, propaganda, and terrorism to intimidate subjects; never developed effective system of control -used subjects to make nobles and kings wealthier -frequent mass deportations -gives much of information known about Mesopotamian culture -Library of Ashurbanipal -only a little known about the life of common people | 5 | |
| 292538414 | Umayad Caliphate | -ruled an Arab empire, not a Muslin one -administered their territory through the established Sasanid and Byzantine apparatus, gradually bringing in Muslim bureaucrats and the Arabic language -overthrown by rebellions in 750 -one branch of the family remained in power in Spain: held power over a society in which Islam, Roman, German, and Jewish cultures combined to form a unique Iberian variant of Islamic civilization; substantial urbanization, the introduction of citrus crops, a diverse irrigated agricultural sector, and a fluorescence of Muslim and Jewish intellectual activity | 6 | |
| 292538413 | Abbasid Caliphate | -the family of Abbas (an uncle of Muhammad) took over and established __________ -held the _______ until 1258 -provided renewed religious leadership, which they combined with a style of rulership and royal ceremony derived from the Sasanids -literature and learning, including the translation of Greek texts and secular Arab poetry thrived -Baghdad=center of culture -this period saw an acceleration of the rate of conversion of non-Muslim subjects to Islam in the 9th cent -began to decline after 850 CE when caliphs found it impossible to maintain control over their vast territory, difficulty of transportation and communication, dissatisfaction of the non-Muslim provincial populations w/ a political and economic system that was centered on Baghdad -local revolts carved it into smaller Muslim states that didn't pay taxes or homage to the caliphs in Baghdad | 7 | |
| 293048996 | Suljuk Sultanate | -in Central Asia and the Middle East -took advantage of the decline of the Abbasids -ruled a territory stretching from Afghanistan to Baghdad and took Anatolia from the Byzantines in 1071 -Turkish depredations, the deterioration of the Tigris-Euphrates irrigation system, insufficient revenue, and insufficient resources=collapse of Baghdad | 8 |
