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Intro Psychology Ch. 1 Flashcards

Here are the majority of the terms for Intro to Psychology. This also includes important psychologists like Freud, Wundt, and James.

Terms : Hide Images
643904580PsychologyThe scientific study of behavior and mental processes.1
643904581BehaviorObservable responses.2
643904582Mental ProcessesThoughts, feelings, and motivation experienced by an individual.3
643904583As a science....Psychology uses systematic methods to observe human behavior and draw conclusions.4
643904584Critical ThinkingThe process of reflecting deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence.5
643904585PseudoscienceInformation couched in scientific terminology but is not supported by sound scientific research.6
643904586Empirical MethodGaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of data, and logical reasoning.7
643904587SkepticismSkeptical people challenge whether a supposed fact is really true.8
643904588Objective ThinkingBeing open to the evidence.9
643904589Clinical PsychologistsSpecialize in studying and treating psychological disorders.10
643904590Sigmund Freud(1856-1939) Believed that the majority of human behavior is caused by dark, unpleasant, unconscious impulses pressing for expression.11
643904591Positive PsychologyA branch of psychology that emphasizes human strengths.12
643904592PsychologistsThey observe, analyze, and report.13
643904593StructuralismFounded by Wundt, and described as the focused on identifying the structures of the human mind (e.g., sensation of tastes).14
643904594William Wundt(1832-1920) German philosopher who is the founding father of psychology. He put the pieces of the natural science puzzle together to create the academic discipline of psychology.15
643904595FunctionalismFounded by William James, and described as the psychological field concerned with the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in individuals' adaptation to the environment. Research focused on human interactions with the outside world.16
643904596William James(1842-1910) Believed the key question for psychology is not so much what the mind is (its structure) as what it is for (its function).17
643904597Charles Darwin(1809-1882) British naturalist who came up with the principle of natural selection.18
643904598Natural SelectionEvolutionary process by which organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and produce offspring.19
643904599GenesCollections of molecules that are responsible for heredity.20
643904600Biological ApproachDescribed as the psychological perspective that examines behavior and mental processes through a focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system(e.g., heart rate when startled).21
643904601NeuroscienceThe scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system.22
643904602Behavioral ApproachThe scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants.23
643904603Psychodynamic ApproachA psychological perspective emphasizing unconscious thought, the conflict between biological instincts and society's demands, and early family experiences.24
643904604Humanistic ApproachThe approach that emphasizes a person's positive qualities, capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny.25
643904605Cognitive ApproachThe approach that focuses on the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems.26
643904606Evolutionary ApproachThe approach that uses evolutionary concepts (i.e., adaptation, reproduction, and fitness) as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.27
643904607Sociocultural ApproachThe approach that examines the ways in which the social and cultural environment influence behavior.28
643904608Physiological Psychology and Behavioral NeuroscienceFocus on physical processes that underline mental operations such as vision and memory.29
643904609Sensation and PerceptionFocus on the physical systems and psychological processes that people are able to experience the world.30
643904610LearningFocuses on how information is acquired and maintained.31
643904611Cognitive PsychologyFocuses on attention, consciousness, information processing, and memory.32
643904612Developmental PsychologyFocus on who people are and become across the life span.33
643904613Motivation and EmotionMotivation focus on the what drive an individual to strive for a goal/ reward.34
643904614Psychology or Women and GenderFocuses on psychological, social, and cultural influences on women and their development and behavior.35
643904615Personality PsychologyFocuses on traits and characteristics of the individual (things that make us unique).36
643904616Social PsychologyFocuses on how people interact, relationships, social perception, social cognition, and attitudes.37
643904617Industrial and Organizational PsychologyFocuses workplace (workers and employer).38
643904618Clinical and Counseling PsychologyDiagnose and treat people with life issues and psychological problem. Counselors take less severe cases.39
643904619Health PsychologyMultidimensional approach to psychology focusing on psychology, life style, and health care delivery. Also how stress affects the body.40
643904620Community PsychologyWants to make psychological care more accessible. Also develop outreach programs.41
643904621School and Educational PsychologyFocus on how children learn and adapt to school. Do placement testing and develop education plans. Also seen with young adults (i.e., college students). Do research on teaching methods and learning.42
643904622Environmental PsychologyFocuses on how people interact with the environment.43
643904623Forensic PsychologyApplies psychological concepts to the legal system. Relies on cognitive and social psychologist.44
643904624Sport PsychologyApplies psychological principles to improving sport performance.45
643904625Cross-Cultural PsychologyFocuses on the role of culture for behaviors, thoughts, and emotion.46

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