Chapter 2 from exam 1 study guide
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| 310554300 | what are elements? | substances that cannot be further broken down into other substances | 1 | |
| 310554301 | what is an atom? | the smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element | 2 | |
| 310554302 | what is an electron? | a particle that contributes no significant mass to the atom, but carries a (-1) electrical charge | 3 | |
| 310554303 | what is a proton? | a particle that contributes a mass of approximately 1 amu, and carries a (+1) electrical charge | 4 | |
| 310554304 | what is a neutron? | a particle that contributes a mass of approximately 1 amu, and carries a neutral charge | 5 | |
| 310554305 | where are protons and neutrons found? | the nucleus | 6 | |
| 310554306 | what is the atomic number? | the number of protons in the nucleus | 7 | |
| 310554307 | what is an isotope? | atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. | 8 | |
| 310554308 | What are radioisotopes? | unstable isotopes | 9 | |
| 310554309 | what is the valence shell? | outermost shell that electrons occupy | 10 | |
| 310554310 | what is a molecule? | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds may be composed of one or more elements | 11 | |
| 310554311 | what is a compound? | a specific combination of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio can be held together by covalent or ionic bonds | 12 | |
| 310554312 | What do chemical bonds do? | hold molecules together and store energy | 13 | |
| 310554313 | What type of bond shares electrons between two atoms? | a covalent bond | 14 | |
| 310554314 | What type of bond has one atom that completely gives up an electron while another atom gains an electron? | ionic bond | 15 | |
| 311634838 | What type of bond includes the following? 1. results in filled valence shells 2. electrons are shared in pairs 3. a single electron pair = a single_____ bond 4. can include double and triple bonds 5. carbon forms four of these bonds 6. gives molecules definite shape 7. can be polar or nonpolar | covalent bonds | 16 | |
| 311634839 | What is a polar bond? | an unequal sharing of electrons that occurs if one nucleus holds a stronger attraction on the electron pair | 17 | |
| 311634840 | What is a non-polar bond? | an equal sharing of electrons between atoms | 18 | |
| 311634841 | What are hydrogen bonds? | 1. weak interactions involving partially positively charged hydrogen atoms 2. interaction is with another atom with a partially (-) charge 3. can be with the same (large) molecule, or between molecules | 19 | |
| 311634842 | Why are hydrogen bonds common and important in living things? | water forms hydrogen bonds. because they are weak, hydrogen bonds are relatively easy to manipulate. collectively, hydrogen bonds can be very strong | 20 |
