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Introduction to Information Systems, Chapter 2; Rainer and Prince Flashcards

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1733442705Business EnvironmentThe combination of social, legal, economic, physical, and political factors in which businesses conduct their operations0
1733442706Business Information Technology AlignmentThe tight integration of the IT function with the strategy, mission, and goals of the organization1
1733442707Business ProcessA collection of related activities that produce a product or a service of value to the organization, its business partners, and/or its customers2
1733442708Business Process Improvement (BPI)A methodology for achieving incremental improvements in the effectiveness and efficiency of a process3
1733442709Business Process Management (BPM)A management technique that includes methods and tools to support the design, analysis, implementation, management, and optimization of the business process4
1733442710Business Process Reengineering (BPR)A radical redesign of a business process that improves its efficiency and effectiveness, often beginning with a "clean sheet"(form scratch)5
1733442711Competitive AdvantageAn advantage over competitors in some measure such as cost, quality, or speed; leads to control of a market and to larger than average profits6
1733442712Competitive Forces ModelA business framework devised by Michael Porter that analyzes competitiveness by recognizing five major forces that could endanger a company's position7
1733442713Cross Functional Business ProcessA process in which no single functional area is responsible for its completion; multiple functional areas collaborate to perform the function8
1733442714Digital DivideThe gap between those who have access to information and communications technology and those who do not9
1733442715Entry BarrierProduct or service feature that customers expect from organizations in a certain industry; an organization trying to enter this market must provide this product or service at a minimum to be able to compete10
1733442716GlobalizationThe integration and interdependence of economic, social, cultural, and ecological facets of life, enabled by rapid advancements in information technology11
1733442717Make to OrderThe strategy of producing customized products and services12
1733442718Mass CustomizationA production process in which items are produced in large quantities but are customized to fit the desires of each customer13
1733442719Organizational Social Responsibility (also individual social responsibility)Efforts by organizations to solve various social problems14
1733442720Primary ActivitiesThose business activities related to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services thus creating value15
1733442721Six SigmaA methodology for continuous BPI focused on reducing defects in process outputs by using statistical methods16
1733442722Strategic Information Systems (SIS's)Systems that help an organization gain a competitive advantage by supporting its strategic goals and/or increasing performance and productivity17
1733442723Support ActivitiesBusiness activities that do not add value directly to firm's product or service under consideration but support the primary activities that do add value18
1733442724Value ChainA sequence of activity through which the organization's inputs, whatever they are, are transformed into more valuable outputs, whatever the are19
1733442725Value Chain ModelModel that shows the primary activities that sequentially add value to the profit margin; also shows the support activities20
1733442726Value SystemIncludes the procedures, suppliers, distributors, and buyers, all with their value chains21
1733442727ResourcesPeople and equipment that perform process activities22
1733442728Phases of BPI (DMAIC)Define, measure, analysis, improve, and control23
1733442729Michael Porters Competitive ForcesThreat of entry of new competitors, bargaining powers of suppliers, bargaining powers of customers(buyers), threat of substitute products or services, and rivalry among existing firms in the industry24
1733442730Primary Activities of Manufacturing CompaniesInbound Logistics(inputs), operations(manufacturing and testing), outbound logistics(storage and distribution), market and sales, services25
1733442731Types of Supporting ActivitiesThe firms infrastructure(accounting, finance, and management), human resources management, product and technology development(R&D), procurement26
1733442732Strategies for Competitive AdvantageCost leadership, differentiation, innovation, operational effectiveness, customer orientation27
1733442733Cost Leadership StrategyProduce products and/or services at the lowest cost in the industry28
1733442734Differentiation StrategyOffer different products, services, or product features29
1733442735Innovation StrategyIntroduce new products or services, put new features in existing products or services, or develop new ways to produce them30
1733442736Operational Effectiveness StrategyImprove the manner in which internal business processes are executed so that a firm performs similar activities better than its rivals31
1733442737Customer Orientation StrategyConcentrate on making customers happy32

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