Invitation to Psychology, Fifth Edition, Carole Wade, Carol Tavris. students handbook.
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| 1404808399 | mental disorder | involves any behavior or emotional state that causes a person to suffer, is self-destructive, seriously impairs the person's ability to work or get along with others, or endangers others or the community. | 0 | |
| 1404808400 | diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM) | provides clear diagnostic description of the various mental disorders. is designed to assist mental health professionals in the determination of who does and does not suffer from a mental illness. | 1 | |
| 1404819217 | limitations of DSM | there is a danger of overdiagnosis since DSM may encourage the overuse of diagnostic categories. there is the problem of diagnostic labels. there is the problem of confusing serious mental disorders with normal problems. DSM manual gives the illusion of objectivity when diagnosis remains very subjective. | 2 | |
| 1404834257 | advantage of DSM | when the manual is used correctly and diagnoses are made with valid objective tests, the DSM improves the reliability of diagnosis. it also may be a helpful tool in making the most effective treatments available to those suffering from different disorders. | 3 | |
| 1404834258 | culture-bound syndromes | sets of symptoms specific to the culture in which they occur. studying which conditions are unique to specific cultures can help researchers get a better understanding of the universality of other disorders. | 4 | |
| 1404848674 | projective tests | psychological tests used to infer a person's motives, conflicts, and unconscious dynamics on the basis of the person's interpretation of ambiguous stimuli. it can be particularly useful for assessing children who may have issues that are shameful or embarrassing to discuss. | 5 | |
| 1405080492 | Rorschach inkblot test | a projective personality test that asks respondents to interpret abstract, symmetrical inkblots. | 6 | |
| 1405080493 | objective tests (inventories) | standardized objective questionnaires requiring written responses. typically include scales on which people are asked to rate themselves. inventories are generally more reliable and valid than either projective methods or subjective clinical judgments. | 7 | |
| 1405089533 | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory | a widely used personality instrument. includes ten indices, or scales, of personality, also includes validity scales designed to make sure that respondents are answering in a true and honest fashion. | 8 | |
| 1405258168 | anxiety disorder | when individuals suffer fear and anxiety are present without any apparent danger. | 9 | |
| 1405258169 | generalized anxiety disorder | a continuous state of anxiety marked by feelings of worry and dread, apprehension, difficulties in concentrating, and signs of motor tension. this constant feeling of foreboding and dread must occur on the majority of days for six months or longer and cannot be brought on by psychical causes. | 10 | |
| 1405258170 | posttraumatic stress disorder | people who have lived through particularly harrowing experiences. the symptoms often include the presence of recurrent, intrusive thoughts, a sense of detachments, and increase physiological arousal. | 11 | |
| 1405258171 | panic disorder | a panic attack is a period of intense fear and feelings of impending doom or death, accompanied by physiological symptoms such as rapid heart rate and dizziness. such attacks may come out of nowhere, but often occur in response to extended stress, prolonged emotions, specific worries, or frightening experiences. | 12 | |
| 1405258172 | phobia | an exaggerated unrealistic fear of a specific situation, activity, or object. | 13 | |
| 1405258173 | social phobia | individuals become extremely anxious in situations in which they will be observed by others-eating in a restaurant, speaking in public, having to perform for an audience. | 14 | |
| 1405258174 | agoraphobia | a set of phobias, often set off by a panic attack, involving the basic fear of being away form a safe place of person. | 15 | |
| 1405258175 | obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | an anxiety disorder in which a person feels trapped in repetitive, persistent thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive, ritualized behaviors (compulsions) designed to reduce anxiety. | 16 | |
| 1405365686 | major depression | a mood disorder involving disturbances in emotion (excessive sadness), behavior (loss of interest in one's usual activities), cognition (thoughts of hopelessness), and body function (fatigue and loss of appetite), which last at least two weeks. | 17 | |
| 1405365687 | symptoms of depression | depressed mood, reduced interest in almost all activities, overeating or not eating much at all, sleeping too much or too little, fatigue, difficulty with concentration. | 18 | |
| 1405365688 | bipolar disorder | a mood disorder in which episodes of depression and mania (excessive euphoria) occur. | 19 | |
| 1405365689 | mania | the abnormally high state of exhilaration which is the opposite pole from depression people in this state often get into trouble, making impulsive and rash decisions. | 20 | |
| 1405365690 | vulnerability-stress model | an approach that emphasizes how individual vulnerabilities interact with external stressors or circumstances to produce mental disorders. | 21 | |
| 1405365691 | factors contribute to depression | genetic predispositions, violence, childhood physical abuse, and parental neglect, losses of important relationships, and cognitive habits. | 22 | |
| 1405365692 | rumination | depressed individuals tend to brood about negtive aspects of their lives | 23 | |
| 1405365693 | personality disorder | maladaptive patterns that cause great personal distress or an inability to get along with others. | 24 | |
| 1405365694 | borderline personality disorder | characterized by intense but unstable relationships, impulsiveness, self-mutilating behavior, feelings of emptiness, and a fear of abandonment by others | 25 | |
| 1405365695 | antisocial personality disorder (APD) | characterized by a lifelong pattern of irresponsible, antisocial behavior such as lawbreaking, violence, and other impulsive, restless acts. | 26 | |
| 1405365696 | causes of APD | abnormalities in the central nervous system impaired frontal-lobe functioning genetic influences environmental events | 27 | |
| 1405394722 | substance abuse | a malaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment of distress. | 28 | |
| 1405394723 | biology and addiction | the biological model holds that addiction is due primarily to a person's neurology and genetic predisposition. | 29 | |
| 1407825168 | dissociative identity disorder | a controversial disorder marked by the appearance when one person of two or more distinct personalities, each with its own name and traits. formerly known as multiple personality disorder. | 30 | |
| 1407825169 | schizophrenia | is a type of psychosis, an extreme mental condition that involves distorted perceptions of reality and an inability to function in most aspects of life. | 31 | |
| 1407825170 | symptoms of schizophrenia | bizarre delusion, hallucinations and heightened sensory awareness, disorganized, incoherent speech, grossly disorganized and inappropriate behavior, and impaired cognitive abilities. | 32 | |
| 1407825171 | the reasons of schizophrenia | genetic predispositions, parental problems or birth complications, and biological events during adolescence. | 33 |
