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| 12025511262 | location | Africa, europe, middle east, asia | 0 | |
| 12025533069 | size | largest third wave civilization with 1.6 billion followers, 23% of population | 1 | |
| 12025572637 | Arabia before Islam | inhabited by arabs and bedouins, sheep and camel herders, nomads, traveled in clans, independent, polytheism | 2 | |
| 12025611721 | Mecca | cosmopolitan city, Kaaba- most important shrine housing 360 deities and site of pilgrimage, Quraysh tribe dominated mecca- wealthy from taxing/trade | 3 | |
| 12025653278 | neighbors | Byzantine and Sassanid empires. traded with Arabia and exposed them to Jews and Christians and Zoroastrians | 4 | |
| 12025685613 | familiar | eventually convert to monotheistic and connected Yahweh with Allah and believe Christians, Jews and Muslims are all children of Abraham | 5 | |
| 12025747163 | muhammad background | shepherd and trader, married widow Khadiya and 6 kids | 6 | |
| 12025791720 | revelation | vision of angel Gabriel, continued for 22 years, believed he was Allah's messenger, he was to bring them the scripture and language, revelations in the Koran, words of Allah | 7 | |
| 12025831176 | Islam | Allah the only God, muslim means one who submits to Allah, Quran opposed hoarding wealth, exploiting poor, high interest, corrupt business, abuse of women, or neglect of widows or children. | 8 | |
| 12025894348 | umma | just and moral society of Islam, protect one another, bound by common belief, not by tribe, language, or territory | 9 | |
| 12025928267 | backlash | wealthy ruling families were angered by social reform in Mecca | 10 | |
| 12025940356 | in 622 | Muhammad and followers on a hijra to Medina to get away from backlash, created a new Umma there and became a new distinctive society | 11 | |
| 12026009957 | radical changes in Medina | 1. outlawed Usury- charging of really high interest 2. mandatory payments to support poor | 12 | |
| 12026039161 | 630 | Muhammad returns to Mecca and purged Kaaba of idols | 13 | |
| 12026046876 | 632 | Muhammad dies but created Islamic state | 14 | |
| 12026063301 | differences from Christianity | 1. Islam has one religious and political authority 2. Muhammad controlled gov, church, military 3. no clergy 4. no distinction between religious and civil laws 5. sharia- means path to water- addresses every aspect of life- Islamic law | 15 | |
| 12026126274 | converts | Islams spread quickly 1. military success 2. religious appeal 3. promise of material gain 4. end of warfare among tribes | 16 | |
| 12026156104 | Pillars of Islam | 1. Words of Witness: No god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet 2. Pray 5X a day facing Mecca: cleansing, bowing, kneeling, Prostration: head down on ground showing submission. Do this 5 x throughout the day as a reminder Allah is in charge. 3. Alms...help needy 4. Fast during Ramadan: abstain from food, alcohol, sex while sun is up.\ 5. Hajj to Mecca once in life...white clothing and walk around Kaaba 7 x. 6. 6th Pillar is controversial. Jihad/Struggle. This is a personal jihad..an internal fight were one fights against greed, selfishness, tried to live God conscious life and defend the umma from infidels. This is the one that is manipulated by the terrorist. | 17 | |
| 12026221640 | war | Arabs attack Byzantine and Sassanid. These empires were weakened by revolt and war. They were good fighters because of years of tribal raids. | 18 | |
| 12026227082 | motives | 1. Merchant leaders of new Islamic Empire wanted to take trade routes and agricultural regions 2. Individual Arabs found this as a route to wealth and social mobility 3. Jihad: mission of empire is to spread and keep winning and think this is happening because of Allah 4. Dhimmis: People of the book...Jews, Christians, Muslims. Allowed them to practice freely. Had to pay their jizya (tax) but then were left alone. | 19 | |
| 12026329096 | converts... why so widespread | 1. Many were familiar with elements of monotheism...prayer, cleansing, fasting, revelation, heaven/hell, final judgement....they had been exposed to these element by Judaism, Christianity, and Zoroastrians. 2. Associated with a powerful state. Spreading rapidly and making many doubt old gods and consider Allah. 3. Incentives to convert: Slaves and POWS were early converts to avoid Jizya Merchants - Islam was commerce friendly and provided security for trade Social mobility 4. exception-conversion was difficult and some resisted. Christians in Spain, Berbers in N. Africa, and Jews, and Zoroastrians in Persia. Some adopted ISlam and the culture: Arabs, Egypt, N. Africa and Iraq. Others only adopted Islam and kept their own culture: Iran, Turkey, Pakistan. | 20 | |
| 12026393351 | Righly Guided Caliphs | first 4 caliphs after Muhammad's death | 21 | |
| 12026405875 | schism | split or break occurred after the first 4 caliphs | 22 | |
| 12026439851 | sunni | Caliphs should be selected by Islamic Community. Majority of Muslims are Sunnis. | 23 | |
| 12026446278 | shia | Means party or faction. Caliph should come from blood line of Muhammad. Minority group. Believed defeated leaders were hiding and not dead and would return. | 24 | |
| 12026458782 | Umayyad dynasty | *1st Dynasty after the RIghtly Guided Caliphs. Expanded the empire. Moved the capital From Mecca to Damascus. Began luxurious living. Many disagree with the luxury and They were overthrown. | 25 | |
| 12026467700 | Abbasid dynasty | *Killed off the rest of the Umayyad. Took over Islam and moved the capital to Baghdad. Flourished and propersered. Non-Arabs took a big role...ex Persians. Spoke Persian And adopted Persian Culture. But local governors and military leaders caused disunity. Eventually Mongols took over in 1258 | 26 | |
| 12026483433 | sufis | opposed worldly success of Islamic civilization and saw it as a distraction from Faith. Mystical dimension of Islam. Renounced material items. Meditated on Quran. Used music and dance during meditation. | 27 | |
| 12026493709 | men and women of Islam | Quran says men and women are equal spiritually, in marriage and society, women are subordinate to men | 28 | |
| 12026519509 | women protected by Quran | 1. No female infanticide 2. Control own property and dowries 3. Granted inheritance (½ of what men get) 4. Marriage a consenting contract 5. Sue for divorce 6. No female polygamy....men can have 4 wives but must treat them equally. | 29 |
