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| 330267784 | Abbasids | a member of a dynasty of caliphs ruling at Baghdad, a.d. 750-1258, governing most of the Islamic world and claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of Muhammad. | 0 | |
| 330267785 | Abu Bakr | a.d. 573-634, Muhammad's father-in-law and successor: first caliph of Mecca 632-634. | 1 | |
| 330267786 | Al-Andalus | was a famous Muslim jurist from Tortosa, Muslim Spain., A Muslim-ruled region in what is now Spain, established by the Berbers in the eighth century A.D. | 2 | |
| 330267787 | Algebra | A branch of mathematics marked chiefly by the use of symbols to represent numbers, as in the use of a 2 + b 2 = c 2 to express the Pythagorean theorem. | 3 | |
| 330267788 | Alhambra | a palace and citadel of the Moorish kings in Granada, Spain: built chiefly between 1248 and 1354. | 4 | |
| 330267789 | Ali | ( ʿAlī ibn-abu-Talib; "the Lion of God" ), a.d. c600-661, Arab caliph (cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad). | 5 | |
| 330267790 | Allah | the Supreme Being; God. | 6 | |
| 330267791 | Al-Mahdi | Third of the Abbasid caliphs; attempted but failed to reconcile moderates among Shi'a to Abbasid dynasty; failed to resolve problem of succession | 7 | |
| 330267792 | Bedouin | an Arab of the desert, in Asia or Africa; nomadic Arab. | 8 | |
| 330267793 | Calliph | a spiritual leader of Islam, claiming succession from Muhammad. | 9 | |
| 330267794 | Caliphate | the rank, jurisdiction, or government of a caliph. | 10 | |
| 330267795 | Calligraphy | a script, usually cursive, although sometimes angular, produced chiefly by brush, especially Chinese, Japanese, or Arabic writing of high aesthetic value. | 11 | |
| 330267796 | Demarcation | the determining and marking off of the boundaries of something. | 12 | |
| 330267797 | Dhimmis | A person of a non-Muslim religion whose right to practice that religion is protected within an Islamic society | 13 | |
| 330267798 | Dome of the Rock | a shrine in Jerusalem at the site from which Muhammad ascended through the seven heavens to the throne of God: built on the site of the Jewish Temple. | 14 | |
| 330267799 | Eunuch | a castrated man, especially one formerly employed by Oriental rulers as a harem guard or palace official. | 15 | |
| 330267800 | Fatimid | any caliph of the North African dynasty, 909-1171, claiming descent from Fatima and Ali. | 16 | |
| 330267801 | Five Pillars | the basic precepts of Islam, including belief in Allah and Muhammad the prophet, prayer, charity or almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage to Mecca; also called Five Pillars, Pillars of Islam | 17 | |
| 330267802 | Ghengis Khan | 1162-1227, Mongol conqueror of most of Asia and of E Europe to the Dnieper River. | 18 | |
| 330267803 | Hadiths | Islam . a traditional account of things said or done by Muhammad or his companions. | 19 | |
| 330267804 | Hajj | the pilgrimage to Mecca, which every adult Muslim is supposed to make at least once in his or her lifetime: the fifth of the Pillars of Islam. | 20 | |
| 330267805 | Hashemite | a member of any Arab dynasty in the Middle East founded by Husein ibn-Ali or his descendants. | 21 | |
| 330267806 | Hijrah | the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution a.d. 622: regarded as the beginning of the Muslim Era. | 22 | |
| 330267807 | House of Wisdom | Combination library, academy, and translation center in Baghdad established in the 800s. | 23 | |
| 330267808 | Ibn Khaldun | 1332-1406, Arab historian and philosopher. | 24 | |
| 330267809 | Islam | the religious faith of Muslims, based on the words and religious system founded by the prophet Muhammad and taught by the Koran, the basic principle of which is absolute submission to a unique and personal god, Allah. | 25 | |
| 330267810 | Jihad | a holy war undertaken as a sacred duty by Muslims. | 26 | |
| 330267811 | Ka'aba | a small, cubical building in the courtyard of the Great Mosque at Mecca containing a sacred black stone: regarded by Muslims as the House of God and the objective of their pilgrimages. | 27 | |
| 330267812 | Khadija | 554--619 ad , the first wife of the Prophet Mohammed, regarded as the first convert to Islam | 28 | |
| 330267813 | Mecca | a city in and the capital of Hejaz, in W Saudi Arabia: birthplace of Muhammad; spiritual center of Islam. 366,801. | 29 | |
| 330267814 | Medina | the old Arab quarter of a North African city. | 30 | |
| 330267815 | Minarets | a lofty, often slender, tower or turret attached to a mosque, surrounded by or furnished with one or more balconies, from which the muezzin calls the people to prayer. | 31 | |
| 330267816 | Mosque | a Muslim temple or place of public worship. | 32 | |
| 330267817 | Mohammed | ( "the Conqueror" ), 1430-81, sultan of Turkey 1451-81: conqueror of Constantinople 1453. | 33 | |
| 330267818 | Muslim | a follower of the religion of Islam | 34 | |
| 330267819 | People of the Book | the name for Jews and Christians for whom the Muslims had religious tolerance; called this because each religion had a holy book with teachings similar to that of the Qur'an | 35 | |
| 330267820 | Proverb | a short popular saying, usually of unknown and ancient origin, that expresses effectively some commonplace truth or useful thought; adage; saw. | 36 | |
| 330267821 | Qur'an | the sacred text of Islam, divided into 114 chapters, or suras: revered as the word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel, and accepted as the foundation of Islamic law, religion, culture, and politics. | 37 | |
| 330267822 | Rubiyat | "quatrains" (in Pers. poetry), 1859, pl. of rubai, from Arabic rubaiyah, from rubaiy "composed of four elements." | 38 | |
| 330267823 | Saladin | 1137-93, sultan of Egypt and Syria 1175-93: opponent of Crusaders. | 39 | |
| 330267824 | Shari'a | law, seen as deriving from the Koran, hadith, ijmaʿ, and qiyas. | 40 | |
| 330267825 | Shaykh | Also called pir. (in Sufism) the spiritual guide. | 41 | |
| 330267826 | Shi'a | a member of one of the two great religious divisions of Islam that regards Ali, the son-in-law of Muhammad, as the legitimate successor of Muhammad, and disregards the three caliphs who succeeded him. | 42 | |
| 330267827 | Sufi | a member of an ascetic, mystical Muslim sect. | 43 | |
| 330267828 | Sura | any of the 114 chapters of the Koran. | 44 | |
| 330267829 | Sunna | the traditional portion of Muslim law, based on the words and acts of Muhammad, and preserved in the traditional literature. | 45 | |
| 330267830 | Sunni | a member of one of the two great religious divisions of Islam, regarding the first four caliphs as legitimate successors of Muhammad and stressing the importance of Sunna as a basis for law. | 46 | |
| 330267831 | Tamerlane | Tartar conqueror in southern and western Asia: ruler of Samarkand 1369-1405. | 47 | |
| 330267832 | Umayyads | "member of a Muslim dynasty which ruled the Caliphate 661-750 C.E. and in 756 C.E. founded an emirate in Spain," 1758, from Arabic, from Umayya, proper name of an ancestor of Muhammad from whom the dynasty claimed descent. | 48 | |
| 330267833 | Urbanized | to make or cause to become urban, as a locality. | 49 |
