chapter 11 vocal from worlds history by Howard Spodek
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| 1823565729 | bedouin nomads | Arab nomads | 0 | |
| 1823565730 | quraysh tribe | Muhammad's tribe | 1 | |
| 1823565731 | ka'aba | (Islam) a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine | 2 | |
| 1823565732 | muhammad | Arab prophet who founded Islam, 570-632 | 3 | |
| 1823565733 | quran | Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam. | 4 | |
| 1823565734 | umma | (Arabic: community) the community of Muslims. | 5 | |
| 1823565735 | five pillars of islam | true Muslims were expected to follow (principle of Salvation): belief in Allah, pray 5 times a day, giving of alms, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime | 6 | |
| 1823565736 | jihad | A holy war waged by Muslims against infidels. | 7 | |
| 1823565737 | dar al-islam | Arabic term referring to the 'house of Islam' and the lands under Islamic terms | 8 | |
| 1823565738 | hijra | (ISLAM) The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam | 9 | |
| 1823565739 | Abu Bakr | 632-634. Served as Caliph after Muhammad. He and later caliphs ("deputies") led "umma" as lieutenants or substitutes (but not prophets) for Muhammad. He was head of state for Islams. He was also a chief judge, religious leader, and military commander. He led the umma to on the offensive against towns and clans that were against Islam after Muhammad's death. Within a year, these people accepted Islam and the caliph's rule. | 10 | |
| 1823565740 | sunni vs. shia | shia believed that the caliph should be a direct descendant of Muhammad. sunni believed that the first 4 caliphs were rightly giuded but any muslim would be a caliph. sunni- minority. bitter rivalry between the 2...led to conflict would wide. | 11 | |
| 1823565741 | ali and shia | Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, ali considered the only legitimate religious and political leaders of the Muslim community which is the shia party. | 12 | |
| 1823565742 | imam | (Islam) the man who leads prayers in a mosque | 13 | |
| 1823565743 | mahdi | Head of a Sudanic Sufi brotherhood; claimed descent from Prophet; proclaimed both Egyptians and British as infidels; launched revolt to purge Islam of impurities; took Khartoum in 1883. | 14 | |
| 1823565744 | ummayyad | the first hereditary dynasty of muslim caliphs (661 to 750). from their capital at damascus, the umayyads ruled an empire that extended from spain to india. overthrown by the abbasid caliphate | 15 | |
| 1823565745 | abbasid | A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.The Abbasid dynasty controlled the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258. It was the second of the two greatest dynasties, overthrowing the Umayyads to gain control, and destroyed by the invasion of the Mongols | 16 | |
| 1823565746 | mahmoud of gazni | the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire. He conquered the eastern Iranian lands and the northwestern Indian subcontinent | 17 | |
| 1823565747 | sultanate of delhi | Islamic state in northern India established by Mahmud's successors in 1206 C.E. that began to establish the presence of Islam on the Indian subcontinent. | 18 | |
| 1823565748 | fatimids | Members of a Muslim dynasty that traced its ancestry to Muhammad's daughter Fatima. They built an Empire in North Africa and Syria in the 10-12th century | 19 | |
| 1823565749 | saladin | (1137-1193) Powerful Muslim ruler during Third Crusade, defeated Christians at Hattin took Jerusalem | 20 | |
| 1823565750 | battle of the talas river | In 751 AD, was a conflict between the Arab Abbasid Caliphate and the Chinese Tang Dynasty for control of the Syr Darya. Since the Islamic people won the battle, they were able to exert their religion and cultural influences onto the Turkic people. | 21 | |
| 1823565751 | charles martel | -The Frank King that led the Battle of the Tours | 22 | |
| 1823565752 | the battle of tours | A battle where the Franks defeated Arab forces in Tours in 733 CE. Effectively stopped the spread of Islam in Europe. | 23 | |
| 1823565753 | seljuk turks | nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly | 24 | |
| 1823565754 | hulegu | Khubilai's brother who conquered the Abbasid dynasty and established the Ilkhanate of Persia. Captured the Abbasid capital of Baghdad after besieging it in 1258. Attempted to capture Syria but was expelled by Egyptian Muslims, who stopped Muslim expansion to the southwest | 25 | |
| 1823565755 | mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 26 | |
| 1823565756 | timur | Member of a prominent family of the Mongols' Jagadai Khanate, Timur through conquest gained control over much of Central Asia and Iran. He consolidated the status of Sunni Islam as orthodox, and his descendants, the Timurids, maintained his empire. | 27 | |
| 1823565757 | spread of islam into malaysia and indonesia | Contributions of the Mughal Rulers, helped to increase the slave trade in Africa during the seventh century | 28 | |
| 1823565758 | ghana/mali/songhai | Kingdoms of West Africa -Ghana (800-1000), Mali (1200-1450), Songhai (1450-1600), * empires in the west that began to gain strength with gold and salt trading + | 29 | |
| 1823565759 | sharia law | The code of law derived from the quran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed | 30 | |
| 1823565760 | hadith | (Islam) the way of life prescribed as normative for Muslims on the basis of the teachings and practices of Muhammad and interpretations of the quran | 31 | |
| 1823565761 | qadi | Muslim judges who carried out the judicial functions of the state | 32 | |
| 1823565762 | ulana | Group of religious Scholars | 33 | |
| 1823565763 | sufi mystics | wandering mystics who tried to get a personal union with Allah. were known to be extremely pious and religious. Whirling dervishes -- spinned on the same spot -- attracted attention -- were nomadic, had rewarding messages. were one of the main reasons for the spread of islam later on into South East/East Asia. | 34 | |
| 1823565764 | whirling dervishes | The Sufis danced themselves into a trance and were called this | 35 | |
| 1823565765 | tariqa | Sufi paths, Break out of material world and get to divine state | 36 | |
| 1823565766 | house of wisdom | A center of learning established in Baghdad in the 800s | 37 | |
| 1823565767 | heliocentric universe | sun center of universe; developed by copernicus | 38 | |
| 1823565768 | ibn sina | Also known as Avicenna, wrote a medical encyclopedia. This work was translated and was used in reference in Medieval universities across Europe and the Middle East | 39 | |
| 1823565769 | pax islamica | Islamic Peace, a time of great prosperity for the Islamic world. | 40 | |
| 1823565770 | technological crop diffusion | crops brought from india to middle east and crops were grown in arab areas with the right climate. ex. cotton, wheat, rice, sugar cane, lemon, lime, etc. | 41 | |
| 1823565771 | mosque architecture around the eurasian world | Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles, Islamic architecture was influenced by ancient structures that have already existed in Egyptian, Roman, Byzantine, Iraqi and Persian lands, Many mosques have elaborate domes, minarets, and prayer halls, in varying styles of architecture | 42 | |
| 1823565772 | ibn battuta | (1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period. | 43 | |
| 1823565773 | people of the book | A term applied by Islamic governments to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference to the fact that all three religions had a holy book | 44 | |
| 1823565774 | dhimmi | Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists | 45 | |
| 1823565775 | golden age of islam | A time during the Abbasid Dynasty (with a capital in Baghdad) when the arts and intellectualism were flourishing. Astronomy, surgery, etc. were all having inventions in their fields, and Baghdad was a center of intellectualism. | 46 |
