Chapter 11 section 2
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| 3083556232 | How did Arabs spread Islam? | through teaching, conquest and trade | 0 | |
| 3083556233 | caliph | successor to the Messenger of God. | 1 | |
| 3083556234 | The first four caliphs following Muhammad's death | Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali | 2 | |
| 3083556235 | Abu Bakr | Muhammad's father in law the first caliph | 3 | |
| 3083556236 | Umar | Muhammad's friend | 4 | |
| 3083556237 | Uthman | son in law member of the Umayyad family | 5 | |
| 3083556238 | Ali was a soldier and writer and | Muhammad's first cousin and son in law the fourth caliph | 6 | |
| 3083556239 | Abu Bakr was a Caliphate from AD 632-634 | spread Islam to all of Arabia. restored peace after death of Muhammad. created code of conduct in war. compiled Quran verses | 7 | |
| 3083556240 | Umar was a Caliphate from AD 634-644 | spread Islam to Syria, Egypt and Persia. redesigned government. paid soldiers. held a census. made taxes more fair. build roads and canals. aided poor | 8 | |
| 3083556241 | Uthman was a Caliphate from AD 644-656 | spread Islam into Afghanistan and eastern Mediterranean. organized a navy. improved the government. built more roads, bridges, and canals. distributed text of the Quran. | 9 | |
| 3083556242 | Ali was a Caliphate from AD 656-661 | reformed tax collection and other government systems. spent most of caliphate battling Muawiy, the governor of Syria. | 10 | |
| 3083556243 | Building a Muslim Empire | by the year AD 661 when the fourth caliph died the Arab Empire had expanded to include Persia, the rest of southwest Asia and Egypt. | 11 | |
| 3083556244 | Expansion under the Umayyad caliphs who ruled AD 661-750 | continued to grow. They chose the city of Damascus in Sryia to be their capital | 12 | |
| 3083556245 | Muslims | Entered India and Afghanistan. They explored the North African coast and crossed the Mediterranean Sea into Spain creating a larger Muslim state. | 13 | |
| 3083556246 | 100 years after Muhammad's death the Islamic state became | a great empire. | 14 | |
| 3083556247 | The Arabs were successful building this great empire because | Arabs were good on horseback, good with a sword, desired to spread Islam. | 15 | |
| 3083556248 | Muslims believed anyone who died in battle for Islam | would go to paridise | 16 | |
| 3083556249 | Arabs let conquered people | practice their own religion. Non Muslims were not treated equally. They had to pay a higher tax. | 17 | |
| 3083556250 | "People of the Book" | those people who also believed in one God, and had holy writings. They were not Muslim but Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians. | 18 | |
| 3083556251 | Many people became Muslims and learned Arabic as a language of religion and trade in the | Arab Empire | 19 | |
| 3083556252 | The term Arab meant | speaker of Arabic not a resident of Arabia | 20 | |
| 3083556253 | Sufis | a group that spent time praying and teaching and spreading Islam . They won many followers throughout the Arab Empire. | 21 | |
| 3083556254 | How did Muslim merchants help to spread Islam? | They set up trading posts throughout southeast Asia and taught Islam to people there. | 22 | |
| 3083556255 | Indonesia | a country in Asia that has more Muslims than any other nation in the world. | 23 | |
| 3083556256 | Timbuktu | A west African city that became a leading center of Muslim learning in the 1300's. | 24 | |
| 3083556257 | From the moment Muhammad died, Muslims began arguing about who had the right to be caliph. This split the Muslim world into two groups | Sunnis and Shiites | 25 | |
| 3083556258 | Shiites believed | Ali, Muhammad's son in law should succeed him and that all future caliphs should be Ali's descendants. Shiites believed Umayyad caliphs in Damascus had no right to rule. | 26 | |
| 3083556259 | Sunnis who outnumbered Shiites | accepted the Umayyad dynasty as rightful caliphs though they did not always agree with their policies. Over time, the Shiites and Sunnis developed different religious practices and customs. | 27 | |
| 3083556260 | The Umayyads dynasty lost power in AD 750 because they angered | many Muslims especially those in Persia. Persian Muslims felt that Arab Muslims got special treatment,the best jobs and payed fewer taxes. | 28 | |
| 3083556261 | Abbasids | Dynasty that came after the Umayyads. | 29 | |
| 3083556262 | Abbasids devoted their energies to | trade, schloarship, and the arts. | 30 | |
| 3083556263 | Abbasids built a new capital | Baghdad | 31 | |
| 3083556264 | Why did Baghdad prosper | beside the Tigris River and near the Euphrates River so people could ship thier goods north and south. This made the Arab Empire even richer. | 32 | |
| 3083556265 | How long did the Abaasid empire rule? | 500 years | 33 | |
| 3083556266 | Why did the Abaasid empire lose control? | Muslims wanted their own caliphs. A new people, the Seljuk Turks of central Asia began moving south into the Arab Empire. | 34 | |
| 3083556267 | Who were the Seljuk Turks? | nomads and great warriors. when they first arrived, the Abbasids hired them as warriors. when the Turks saw how weak the Abbasid were, they decided to take the power for themselves | 35 | |
| 3083556268 | In 1055 the Seljuk Turks bodly took Bagdad and | were satisified to rule only. They let the Abbasid caliph remain as religious leader. | 36 | |
| 3083556269 | What name did the Seljuk leader give himself? | sultan or "holder of power" | 37 | |
| 3083556270 | For 200 years, the empire continued with Seljuks ruling a Abbasid dynasty until what? | In 1200s another empire swept into the empire. The fierce Mongols of central Asia. they stormed into Bagdad and burned it to the ground. the Arab empire had ended. | 38 | |
| 3083556271 | What is the most powerful and largest Muslim empires? | Ottoman empire in Turkey and the Mogul empire in India. Remember that Mogul is different than Mongols of central Asia. | 39 |
