The Age of Jackson, Society and Culture in the Jacksonian Era
Terms : Hide Images
| 270694257 | John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson | Who were the contestants in the election of 1828? | |
| 270694258 | King Mob | Nickname for all the new participants in government that came with Jackson's presidency. This nickname was negative and proposed that Jackson believed in too much democracy, perhaps leading to anarchy | |
| 270694259 | Old Hickory | Andrew Jackson's nickname | |
| 270694260 | The Kitchen Cabinet | Andrew Jackson's unofficial group of political advisors. It included figures such as Roger Taney, Andrew Donelson, William Lewis and Martin Van Buren. | |
| 270694261 | Jacksonian Democracy | Among the most important concepts in American history, this term refers to changes in political processes as well as changes in attitudes about the common man | |
| 270694262 | Second Party System | 1830's fell fledged 2 party system emerged. WHIGS= anti-jackson DEMOCRATS=jackson's followers and former Democratic Republicans. | |
| 270694263 | The Spoils System | Jackson replaces a significant number of Adams men in the federal bureaucracy with men loyal to him | |
| 270694264 | Principle of Rotation | Every couple of years the people Jackson appointed would leave and new people would join | |
| 270694265 | Webster-Hayne Debate | It was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation. The debate cemented the image of Daniel Webster, as a legendary defender of Constitution and Union | |
| 270694266 | Daniel Webster | A senator from Massachusetts, replied on behalf of the North and, especial, New England, suggesting the appeal to states rights was fundamentally disunionist | |
| 270694267 | Robert Hayne | A protégé of VP Calhoun, gives a speech in the Senate in January 1830 in which he argues Westerners should join Southerners in opposition to hight tariffs and limited land sales designed to keep prices of land high; the basis of their opposition ought to be leveraged with an appeal to states rights | |
| 270694268 | Webster's Second Reply to Hayne | a speech made by Daniel Webster attacking Hayne for challenging the integrity of the Union. | |
| 270694269 | Maysville Road Veto | A veto by Jackson that prevented a road from being funded by federal money since it only benefited Kentucky. This was a blow to Clay's American System, and it irritated the West | |
| 270694270 | The Cherokee Cases | Cherokees tried to stop white encroachments by appealing to Supreme Court. Marshall ruled in favor of tribe but couldn't enforce it | |
| 270694271 | Ethnic Cleansing | the mass expulsion and killing of one ethic or religious group in an area by another ethnic or religious group in that area | |
| 270694272 | Webster v. Georgia | Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it | |
| 270694273 | Black Hawk War | In the early 1830's, white settlers in western Illinois and eastern Iowa placed great pressure on the Native American people there to move west of the Mississippi River. The war started in Illinois and spread to the Wisconsin Territory. It ended in August 1832 when Illinois militia slaughtered more than 200 Sauk and Fox people. | |
| 270694274 | Black Hawk | The leader of the Illinois tribes of Indians in the 1830's. When the Indians were uprooted, and forced out of their homes, he led the Indians in resisting the move. However, he wasn't powerful enough, because in 1832 they were brutally defeated, and forced to move into Oklahoma. | |
| 270694275 | The Trail of Tears | An estimated 50,000 Indians were removed from the Deep South; as many as 10,000 may have died making the difficult journey to their new lands west of the Mississippi | |
| 270694276 | Seminole Wars | Indians in the Deep South and escaped black slaves refused to move out of Florida and staged guerrilla War against the United States for seven years | |
| 270694277 | Chief Osceola | The courageous leader of the Seminole indians in florida who hid his people in the swamps rather than move to indian territory | |
| 270694278 | Nicholas Biddle | Perhaps second only to Hamilton in his understanding of economics and finance, and his ability to use the Bank to regulate the lending practices of local and state banks. Jacksonians detested him and referred to him as "Czar Nicholas" | |
| 270694279 | South Sea Bubble | A British joint stock company traded in South America during the 18th century. Founded in 1711, the company was granted a monopoly to trade in Spain's South American colonies as part of a treaty during the War of Spanish Succession. In return, the company assumed the national debt England had incurred during the war. Speculation in the company's stock led to a great economic bubble known as the ___________ in 1720, which caused financial ruin for many | |
| 270694280 | Bank Veto Message | 1832 - Jackson, in this _______ of the recharter of the Second Bank of the U.S., said that the bank was a monopoly that catered to the rich, and that it was owned by the wealthy and by foreigners | |
| 270694281 | Pet Banks | State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank. | |
| 270694282 | Specie | Coined money, usually gold or silver, used to back paper money | |
| 270694283 | Margaret "Peggy" Timberlake Eaton | Woman who was the basis of the petticoat affair; wife of John Eaton | |
| 270694284 | The Peggy Eaton Affair | Another name for the Petticoat Affair | |
| 270694285 | Nullification Crisis of 1832 | Under Jackson. Caused by the Tariff of 1828 (taxing rate was 48%). South Carolina is not going to pay that tax. Jackson supported states rights but sends troops into South Carolina to enforce the tariff of 1828. | |
| 270694286 | Denmark Vesey | United States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged (1767-1822) | |
| 270694287 | Nat Turner | Slave in Virginia who started a slave rebellion in 1831 believing he was receiving signs from God. His rebellion was the largest sign of black resistance to slavery in America and led the state legislature of Virginia to a policy that said no one could question slavery. | |
| 270694288 | Proclamation to the People of South Carolina | Proclamation in which Jackson vowed to enforce the tariff laws and told South Carolinians that they were in danger of committing treason | |
| 270694289 | Robert Hayne | When Calhoun resigns as Jackson's VP, who does he replace in the Senate? | |
| 270694290 | The Force Bill | This authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina's ordinance of nullification had declared these tariffs null and void, and South Carolina would not collect duties on them. South Carolina also nullified the this. | |
| 270694291 | South Carolina's Ordinance of Nullification | Declared tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void, forbade collection of duties in SC after Feb. 1833 and threatened secession if fed tried to collect them | |
| 270694292 | The Bank War | Jackson was determined to destroy the Bank of the United States because he thought it was too powerful. He felt the Bank was unconstitutional and only benefited the rich. | |
| 270694293 | Specie Circular | Eventually, Jackson grew so alarmed by the speculative land bubble that he issued this, requiring that all land purchases be paid in specie | |
| 270694294 | Panic of 1837 | When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. | |
| 270782870 | King Andrew I | as a new political party was created in opposition to the president, they began referring to Andrew Jackson with this name, representing his "abusive" use of political power. | |
| 270782871 | The Whig Party | This was the name of the party that opposed Jackson's Democratic party | |
| 270782872 | The Red Fox of Kinderhook, The Little Magician | What were two of the nicknames given to Martin Van Buren? | |
| 270782873 | Martin Van Buren | Served as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836 | |
| 270782874 | Martin Van Ruin | What was Martin Van Buren's negative nickname? | |
| 270782875 | Laissez-Faire | The doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs | |
| 270782876 | The Independent Treasury Act | The most significant act during the Van Buren administration, which would take the federal government out of the banking business all together | |
| 270782877 | John Maynard Keynes | British economist who argued that for a nation to recovery fully from a depression, the govt had to spend money to encourage investment and consumption | |
| 270782878 | Demand-Side Economics | The idea that government spending and tax cuts help an economy by raising demand (used by Keynes). | |
| 270782879 | Tippecanoe and Tyler Too! | The main slogan for the Harrison campaign | |
| 270782880 | The Log Cabin and Hard Cider Campaign | The two other names for the Harrison campaign | |
| 270782881 | John Tyler | Who becomes the country's first accidental president? | |
| 270782882 | Democracy in America | A classic French text by Alexis de Tocqueville on the United States in the 1830s and its strengths and weaknesses such as the tyranny of the majority It explained why republicanism succeeded in the U.S. and failed elsewhere | |
| 270782883 | Tocqueville | Who wrote Democracy in America? | |
| 270782884 | Tyranny of the Majority | The suppression of minority opinions by those voted into power by the majority | |
| 270782885 | Tocqueville and Beaumont | Who were the two frenchmen who came to America to look at the system of imprisonment? | |
| 270782886 | Cult of Domesticity/Cult of True Womanhood | The names of the concept increasingly prevalent among middle and upper-class segment of 19th century society stipulating that family and individual life is most fulfilling when experienced in a private household where women are chief homemakers and caregivers | |
| 270782887 | Separate Spheres | Middle-class ideal where home life was strictly separated from the workplace and womens roles were separate from mens, with women running the household and men earning money outside it. | |
| 270782888 | Godey's Ladies Book | First magazine for women | |
| 270782889 | The Second Great Awakening | Wave of religious revivals around 1800 that encouraged a culture of evangelicalism responsible for an upswing in prison reform, the temperance cause, the feminist movement, and abolition. | |
| 270782890 | Timothy Dwight | He was an educated Reverend (president of Yale College) who helped initiate the Second Great Awakening. His campus revivals inspired many young men to become evangelical preachers. | |
| 270782891 | Lyman Beecher | Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader and a leader of the Second Great Awakening of the United States. | |
| 270782892 | Lane Theological Seminary | Midwestern institution whose president expelled eighteen students for organizing a debate on slavery | |
| 270782893 | Charles Grandison Finney | An evangelist who was one of the greatest preachers of all time (spoke in New York City). He also made the "anxious bench" for sinners to pray and was was against slavery and alcohol. | |
| 270782894 | Burned-Over District | Area of New York State along the Erie Canal that was constantly aflame with revivalism and reform; as wave after wave to fervor broke over the region, groups such as the Mormons, Shakers, and Millerites found support among the residents. | |
| 270782895 | Anxious Bench | Prominent community leaders would sit near the front of a sermon, waiting to be moved by the spirit, whereupon their conversion could be widely witnessed | |
| 270782896 | Millennialism | much of religious enthusiasm of the time was based on the widespread belief that the world was about to end with the second coming of Christ; preacher William Miller gained tens of thousands of followers by predicting a specific date when the second coming would occur (didn't happen-Millerites will become Seventh Day Adventists) | |
| 270782897 | Associationalism | Idea that associations filled the functional gap between family and government; taking on roles once the exclusive domain of the former, but never considered the rightful domain of the latter. | |
| 270782898 | Revivalism | An attempt to reawaken the evangelical faith | |
| 270782899 | Communitarian | Referring to the belief in or practice of the superiority of community life or values over individual life, but not necessarily the common ownership of material goods. | |
| 270782900 | The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Coming | What is the formal name for the Shakers? | |
| 270782901 | Joseph Smith | Religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830 (1805-1844) | |
| 270782902 | Brigham Young | United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith | |
| 270782903 | Nauvoo | Mormons founded this Illinois town, which became an imposing and economically successful community. | |
| 270782904 | John Humphrey Noyes | Founder of Oneida Community | |
| 270782905 | The Oneida Colony | Was established in 1848 by John Noyes. It was a community with residents who rejected traditions of family and marriage. | |
| 270782906 | Robert Owen | Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858). Founded New Harmony | |
| 270782907 | New Harmony | This was a society that focusted on Utopian Socialism (Communism). It was started by Robert Owens but failed because everybody did not share a fair load of the work | |
| 270782908 | Charles Fourier | French sociologist and reformer who hoped to achieve universal harmony by reorganizing society (1772-1837) based on cooperative units or phalanxes | |
| 270782909 | Temperance | Restraint or moderation, especially in regards to alcohol or food | |
| 270782910 | Women's Christian Temperance Union | This organization was dedicated to the idea of the 18th Amendment - the Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. | |
| 270782911 | Abolitionism | The doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery | |
| 270782912 | Benjamin Lundy | Was an American Quaker abolitionist who established several anti-slavery newspapers and worked for many others. He traveled widely seeking to limit the expansion of slavery, and in seeking to establish a colony to which freed slaves might be located, outside of the United States. | |
| 270782913 | William Lloyd Garrison | 1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. | |
| 270782914 | The Liberator | An anti-slavery newspaper written by William Lloyd Garrison. It drew attention to abolition, both positive and negative, causing a war of words between supporters of slavery and those opposed. | |
| 270782915 | New England Anti-Slavery Society | Abolitionist organization founded in 1832 by William Lloyd Garrison of Massachusetts, publisher of the Liberator. | |
| 270782916 | Tappan Brothers | Successful merchants in NYC; used wealth to fund antislavery activities and pamphlets | |
| 270782917 | Theodore Dwight Weld | American abolitionist whose pamphlet Slavery As It Is (1839) inspired Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin. | |
| 270782918 | David Walker | A free african american who urged blacks to take their freedom by force | |
| 270782919 | Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass | Autobiography written by the greatest of the black abolitionists | |
| 270782920 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book about a slave who is treated badly, in 1852. The book persuaded more people, particularly Northerners, to become anti-slavery. | |
| 270782921 | Grimké Sisters | Were 19th-century American Quakers, educators and writers who were early advocates of abolitionism and women's rights. | |
| 270782922 | Consciousness-Raising | the process of achieving greater awareness, as of one's own needs or of a political or social issue | |
| 270782923 | Declaration of Sentiments | Paraphrasing the Declaration of Independence, it called for an end to the oppressive and tyrannical treatment of women by men | |
| 270782924 | Thomas Gallaudet and Samuel Howe | Educational reformers for the deaf and the blind, respectively | |
| 270782925 | Dorthea Dix | Reformer of insane asylums | |
| 270782926 | Horace Mann | Public education reformer | |
| 270782927 | Hudson River School | The first coherent school of American art | |
| 270782928 | Lithography | A printmaking method in which the image to be printed is drawn on a limestone, zinc, or aluminum surface with a special greasy crayon | |
| 270782929 | Currier and Ives | Two business partners who produced colored prints of everyday American life in the nineteenth century. | |
| 270782930 | James Fenimore Cooper | Wrote The Last of the Mohicans and Leatherstocking Tales | |
| 270782931 | Washington Irving | Wrote Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow | |
| 270782932 | Transcendentalism | Any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material | |
| 270782933 | Lyceum Movement | Provided widespread opportunities for adult education and self-improvement |
