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| 1064019021 | Election of 1824 | All five candidates, including Calhoun were Republicans, showing that the Republican party was splintering, due to rival sectional components. Calhoun withdrew and ran for the vice presidency. Jackson won more popular and electoral votes than the other candidates but didn't manage to gain the majority needed Because Clay supported Adams, Adams became president | 1 | |
| 1064019022 | Corrupt Bargain | Immediately after John Quincy Adams became President, he appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State. Jacksonians were furious because all former Secretaries of State became Presidents. This "corrupt" occurred after the Election of 1824 when Andrew Jackson had the most electoral votes, but not majority. Then, Henry Clay (having the least of the electoral votes) gave them to John Q. Adams, giving him the majority and making him President. Jacksonians question whether John Q. Adams made Henry Clay Sec. of State for payback in giving his votes. | 2 | |
| 1064019023 | Election of 1828 | running candidates for president were John Q. Adams and Andrew Jackson, there was an increased turnout of voters at this election. The large turnout proved that the common people now had the vote and the will to use it for their ends. The results of the election show that the political center of gravity was shifting away from the conservative seaboard East toward the emerging states across the mountains. The revolution was peaceful, achieved by ballots. | 3 | |
| 1064019024 | Spoils System | a system that Andrew Jackson set up not long after his election into the presidency in 1828; it had already developed a strong hold in the industrial states such as New York and Pennsylvania; it gave the public offices to the political supporters of the campaign; the name came from Senator Marcy's remark in 1832, "to the victor belongs the spoils of the enemy; made politics a full time business. | 4 | |
| 1064019025 | Kitchen cabinet | President Jackson had an official cabinet, but its members were used more as executive clerks than anything else. Jackson had a private cabinet of about thirteen members that were always changing. The cabinet grew out of Jackson's unofficial meetings and was known as the "kitchen." Jackson's adversaries and enemies gave the group of advisors this name. | 5 | |
| 1064019026 | Peggy Eaton affair | Eaton, Secretary of War, married the daughter of a Washington boardinghouse keeper, Peggy O'Neal. She had rumors spread about her and the male boarders. She was snubbed by ladies in Jackson's family and Vice President Calhoun's wife. The President wanted to help her because his wife had been the object of many rumors. He tried to force the social acceptance of Peggy. This was called the "Petticoat War." The Eaton scandal played into the hands of Secretary of State Van Buren. He paid attention to Mrs. Eaton so he could get on Jackson's good side. | 6 | |
| 1064019027 | Whigs | conservatives and popular with pro-Bank people and plantation owners. They mainly came from the National Republican Party, which was once largely Federalists. They took their name from the British political party that had opposed King George during the American Revolution. Among the whigs were Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, and, for a while, Calhoun. Their policies included support of industry, protective tariffs, and Clay's American System. They were generally upper class in origin. | 7 | |
| 1064019028 | Maysville Road Veto | proposed building a road in Kentucky (Clay's state) at federal expense. Jackson vetoed it because he didn't like Clay, and Martin Van Buren pointed out that New York and Pennsylvania paid for their transportation improvements with state money. Applied strict interpretation of the Constitution by saying that the federal government could not pay for internal improvements. | 8 | |
| 1064019029 | Election of 1832 | Andrew Jackson (Democrat) ran for re-election with V.P. Martin Van Buren. The main issue was his veto of the recharter of the U.S. Bank, which he said was a monopoly. Henry Clay (Whig), who was pro-Bank, ran against him The Anti-Masonic Party nominated William Wirt. This was the first election with a national nominating convention. Jackson won - 219 to Clay's 49 and Wirt's 1. The Masons were a semi-secret society devoted to libertarian principles to which most educated or upper-class men of the Revolutionary War era belonged. The Anti-Masons sprang up as a reaction to the perceived elitism of the Masons, and the new party took votes from the Whigs, helping Jackson to win the election. | 9 | |
| 1064019030 | Tariff of Abominations | Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights. It passed because New England favored high tariffs. | 10 | |
| 1064019031 | Daniel Webster | a nationalist from New Hampshire. He was involved in the webster-Haynes debate over states' rights. He served as Secretary of State under the Tyler administration. In 1836 he ran for the Presidency as a member of the Whig party, losing to Martin Van Buren. He was also America's greatest orator. | 11 | |
| 1064019032 | Websters reply to Hayne | Liberty and union, now and forever, one and inseparable | 12 | |
| 1064019033 | SC Exposition and Protest | Vice-President Calhoun anonymously published the essay which proposed that each state in the union counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress | 13 | |
| 1064019034 | Jefferson Day dinner | April 13, 1830 President Jackson toasted, "Our federal union! It must and shall be preserved!" making it clear to the nullifiers that he would resist the states' rights supporters' claim to nullify the tariff law. V.P. Calhoun's response to the toast was, "The union, next to our liberty, most dear. " Calhoun had wanted Jackson to side with him (for states' rights) in public, but he didn't succeed. | 14 | |
| 1064019035 | Compromise Tariff of 1833 | Henry Clay devised the compromise which gradually reduced the rates levied under the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. It caused South Carolina to withdraw the ordinance nullifying the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. Both protectionists and anti-protectionists accepted the compromise. | 15 | |
| 1064019036 | Martin Van Buren | a Democratic-Republican Senator from New York, rallied the factory workers of the North in support of Jackson. He became Jackson's V.P. after Calhoun resigned. New York politics at that time was controlled by a clique of wealthy land-owners known as the Albany Regency, of which he became the leader. | 16 | |
| 1064019037 | Nicholas Biddle | became the bank's president. He made the bank's loan policy stricter and testified that, although the bank had enormous power, it didn't destroy small banks. The bank went out of business in 1836 amid controversy over whether the National Bank was constitutional and should be rechartered. | 17 | |
| 1064019038 | Specie Circular | issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed. | 18 | |
| 1064019039 | Charles River Bridge Case | Supreme court decision that struck down the antiquated concept of state charters being allowed to est. monopolies in the building of a country's infrastructure | 19 | |
| 1064019040 | Panic of 1837 | When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. | 20 | |
| 1064019041 | Black Hawk War | The leader of the Illinois tribes of Indians in the 1830's. When the Indians were uprooted, and forced out of their homes, this war ensued. However, their leader wasn't powerful enough, because in 1832 they were brutally defeated, and forced to move into Oklahoma. | 21 | |
| 1064019042 | Worcester v. Georgia | Expanded tribal authority by declaring tribes sovereign entities, like states, with exclusive authority within their own boundaries. President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the ruling. | 22 | |
| 1064019043 | election of 1840 | William Henry Harrison (Whigs) "hard cider and log cabins" campaign Vs. Martin Van Buren (Democrats) | 23 | |
| 1064019044 | John Q. Adams | The sixth president of the United States, who was not well-liked by citizens and accused of making a corrupt bargain to win the election. He mainly focused on the economy during his presidency. | 24 | |
| 1064019045 | william henry harrison | 9th president. Hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe. Nominated as the Whig's presidential candidate for 1840. Proven vote getter. Military hero who expressed few opinions on national issues and had not political record to defend. | 25 | |
| 1064019046 | maysville road veto | A veto by Jackson that prevented the Maysville road from being funded by federal money since it only benefited Kentucky. This was a blow to Clay's American System, and it irritated the West. | 26 | |
| 1064019047 | anti-masons | This new political party arose in 1832 to challenge the old two-party system; they were opposed to Jacksonian democracy; called for internal improvements, protective tariffs and spiritual reforms in politics | 27 | |
| 1064019048 | Davy Crocket | A Tennessee soldier and three-time congressman who was rejected in politics and left to Texas. Known for fighting, and dying, at the Alamo. | 28 | |
| 1064019049 | Denmark Vesey | United States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged (1767-1822) | 29 | |
| 1064019050 | sam houston | United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863), First president of the Republic of Texas | 30 | |
| 1064019051 | stephan austin | organized settlements of Americans in Texas | 31 | |
| 1064019052 | election of 1836 | The Democrats ran Martin Van Burren, and the Whigs ran Daniel Webster, Hugh Lawson, and William Henry Harrison -this tact did not succeed | 32 | |
| 1064019053 | Dorrs rebellion | 1841 revolt in Rhode Island for full whit male sufferage | 33 | |
| 1064019054 | Independent treasury plan | Instead of depositing its revenue in state banks, Van Buren persuaded Congress to establish an Independent Treasury in which the federal government would keep the revenue itself and thereby withhold public money from the grasp of business cooperation. | 34 | |
| 1064019055 | pre-emption act | This law allowed squatters to buy up to 160 acres before the land went up for public sale | 35 | |
| 1064019056 | tariff of 1842 | Protective Whig tariff to help raise the average tariff to 40%. | 36 | |
| 1064019057 | johnny appleseed | United States pioneer who planted apple trees as he traveled (1774-1845) | 37 | |
| 1064019058 | Danial webster | Supporter of economic nationalism (supporter of Clay), the only cabinet member no to resign over Bank issue with Tyler. Stays Secretary of State to get Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842, that sets our border with Canada | 38 |
