1800-1840
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| 1413010174 | Revolution of 1800 | (1) there was a peaceful transfer of power; Federalists stepped down from office after Jefferson won and did so peacefully, though not necessarily happily (2) the Republicans were more of the "people's party" compared to the Federalists. | 0 | |
| 1413010175 | Things to know about Jefferson as President: | 1. attitude toward Federalist programs --> left Hamilton system intact except pardoning the Sedition act and kicking away the excise tax. 2.Louisiana Purchase and reaction to it 3. foreign policy and neutral rights | 1 | |
| 1413399449 | Judiciary Act | This was a law passed by the Federalist Congress. This law allowed the president, then President Adams, to stay up until midnight signing in new federal judges across the nation. These midnight appointments allowed the Federalists to still maintain power in the nation after they were a minority party in Congress. This act brought bitterness between the two parties. | 2 | |
| 1413399451 | Chief Justice John Marshall | Lifelong federalist committed to strengthening the power of the federal government. Made a lot of important decisions. | 3 | |
| 1413399453 | Marbury vs. Madison | In 1803. Established judicial review, AKA the supreme Court could determine the constitutionality of laws | 4 | |
| 1413399454 | Louisiana Purchase | 1. Deal with Napoleon, get all of land west of of New Orleans and the city itself. 2. Huge bargain 3. Doubled the size of the US and set a precedent of acquiring foreign territory through purchase. | 5 | |
| 1413399455 | Toussaint L'Ouverture | L'Overture was a Haitian who skillfully led a group of angry ex-slaves against French troops in Santo Domingo. The French were unable to reconquer this valuable island and hence, had no use for Louisiana to serve as a granary for Santo Domingo. The inability of the French to regain possession of the island caused Napoleon to cede the Louisiana territory to the United States for 15 million dollars. Thus, Toussaint L' Overture's military vigor indirectly provoked Napoleon's decision to sell Louisiana to the Americans. | 6 | |
| 1413441450 | Lewis & Clark | 1. Sent by Jefferson to explore all the new territory they had acquired. 2. Accompanied by Sacajawea | 7 | |
| 1413441451 | Election of 1804 | Jefferson won with an easy election, but Napoleon had just started war with France and they were both blockading us. Blah. | 8 | |
| 1413441452 | Orders of Council | 1. London closed ports under french control to foreign shipping. 2. In response, France ordered the seizure of all ships that entered a British port. And we were like hold the hell up, bro. | 9 | |
| 1413441453 | The Embargo Act of 1807 | 1. Passed in response to the British and French seizure of American ships. 2. Thought that they relied on our goods when literally the European nations did not care at all. 3. Ended up hurting the merchants more than it helped, and then everyone was pissed. | 10 | |
| 1413441454 | Non-intercourse Act | 1. Repealed the hated embargo of 1807 and replaced it with this one, that opened trade with every nation except France and England. Didn't matter. | 11 | |
| 1415709632 | Macon's Bill no. 2 | Passed by congress in 1810, said that American's could trade with anybody and that they would trade with France/England if either dropped their restrictions. | 12 | |
| 1415709634 | Tecumseh and the Prophet | 1. Feared the settlers in Kentucky and decided to lead a rebellion 2. Tippecanoe 3. William Henry harrison 4. Andrew Jackson & battle of Horseshoe bend | 13 | |
| 1415709637 | Reasons for entering the War of 1812 | 1. "Freedom of the seas" - The U.S. wanted the right to sail and trade without fear. 2. Possibility of land - The U.S. might gain Canada or Florida. 3. Indian issues - Americans were still upset about British guns being giving to Indians. | 14 | |
| 1415709638 | William Henry Harrison | Tippecanoe, Battle of Thames. Both increased enthusiasm and moralf or the war | 15 | |
| 1415709639 | Oliver Hazard Perry | Admiral who was in charge of inexperienced men on ships. They won a lot. | 16 | |
| 1415709640 | Battle of New Orleans | 1. Andrew Jackson defeats a ton of British. 2. Two weeks after the war had officially ended but they didn't know. 3. Britain responded with a naval blockade | 17 | |
| 1415709641 | Treaty of Ghent | Basically they just stopped fighting and neither side really got what they wanted. Impressment, the main issue of the war, was completely ignored. | 18 | |
| 1415709642 | Hartford Convention | Representatives secretly met to discuss their grievances. They just wanted financial assistant but a few people talked about secession. This marked the death of the Federalist Party. | 19 | |
| 1415709643 | Results of War of 1812 | 1. Americans proved they could stand up for they thought was right and gained more respect 2. Federalist party died out forever 3. Manufacturing prospered during the British blockade 4. Fueled the fire for the bitter conflict with Britain 5. American Nationalism took off | 20 | |
| 1415709644 | Rush-Bagot Treaty | The Treaty demilitarized the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, where many British naval armaments and forts still remained, and laid the basis for a demilitarized boundary between the US and British North America This agreement was indicative of improving relations between the United States and Britain during this time period following the end of the War of 1812 | 21 | |
| 1415709645 | Tariff of 1816 | 1. First in US history designed for protection | 22 | |
| 1415709646 | The American System | 1. Henry Clay's program 2. Strong banking system 3. Protective tariff behind which eastern manufacturing could flourish 4. Roads and canals for internal improvements | 23 | |
| 1415709647 | James Monroe | 1. Generation between Foudning Fathers and the Age of Nationalism | 24 | |
| 1415709648 | Era of Good Feelings | This phrase was coined by a Boston newspaper that was commonly associated with the administration of James Monroe. It represented a time of a sense of nationalism in the country, as well as a sober executive. | 25 | |
| 1416219194 | Panic of 1819 | 1. Brought deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, etc. 2. OVER-SPECULATION in land prices was a main cause 3. West was especially hit hard 4. BUS was seen as the cause | 26 | |
| 1416219195 | Missouri Compromise | 1. Missouri would be admitted as a slave state while Maine would be admitted as a free state. 2. 36-30 line, above would be free, below would be slave | 27 | |
| 1416219196 | McCulloch vs. Maryland | 1. Maryland tried to destroy the BUS by taxing it's currency notes 2. Marshall denied right to tax the bank and gave the doctrine of "loose construction" and "elastic clause" | 28 | |
| 1416219197 | Cohens vs. Virginia | 1. Lottery tickets 2. Marshall asserted the right of the Supreme court to review decisions of the State supreme courts in everything involving powers of the federal government | 29 | |
| 1416219198 | Gibbons vs. Ogden | Marshall says only congress can control interstate commerce. Another blow to states' rights | 30 | |
| 1416219199 | Fletcher vs. Peck | Marshall ruled that states can't impair a contract. Supreme Court could invalidate state laws that conflicted with the constitution | 31 | |
| 1416219200 | Treaty of 1818 | Northern boundary of the Lousiana Purchase at the 49th parallel and ten-year joint occupation of Oregon with Britain. | 32 | |
| 1416219201 | Florida Purchase Treaty | Spain gave florida and claims to Oregon in exchange for Texas. US paid 5 million | 33 | |
| 1416219202 | Monroe Doctrine | 1. Europe should not interfere/colonize in the Western Hemisphere. 2. In return, US would not interfere in European affairs 3. Two basic features: non-colonization and non-intervention | 34 | |
| 1416219203 | Tecumseh | Tecumseh was a Shawnee Indian twin brother to the Prophet. They made a stand against western movement of white settlers by uniting other tribes. He died in the Battle of Thames while fighting for the British. He was one of the most gifted and noble Indian leaders in American history. | 35 | |
| 1416219204 | Election of 1824 | 1. Andrew Jackson vs. Henry Clay vs. William H. Crawford vs. John Q. Adams 2. "Corrupt Bargain", in which Clay dropped out and threw his support behind Adams, and in return he was appointed Secretary of State 3. Jackson was absolutely pissed and said that he had been cheated out of it. | 36 | |
| 1416552441 | Election of 1828 | Was not focused on issues but the personalities of the candidates, the first election under the second party system and a big leap in voters. Adams (Nat. Republican) vs. Jackson (Democrats)- wins the election easily with Calhoun as vp. | 37 | |
| 1416552442 | Andrew Jackson as President | 1. Old Hickory 2. He was a badass idk | 38 | |
| 1416552443 | Jacksonian Democracy | This term is associated with President Andrew Jackson's political philosophy. President Jackson's beliefs consisted of: universal white male suffrage, Manifest Destiny to the West, the Spoils System - giving government jobs to supporters, Laissez-Faire Economics - hands off government control of the economy, and a weaker central government expressing that a strong central government is an enemy to individual liberties. Jackson was in great support of the "common man" and envisioned a nation of yeoman farmers. | 39 | |
| 1416552444 | Spoils system | Jackson used this to reward supporters with good positions in office | 40 | |
| 1416552445 | Tariff of 1828 | (1) An extremely high tariff (45%) that Jacksonian Democrats tried to get Adams to veto. (2) caused a sectional split and began the nullification crisis led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. (3) Prelude to the Civil War. | 41 | |
| 1416552446 | The South Carolina Exposition | A pamphlet published by the South Carolina legislature, written secretly by Vice President John C. Calhoun. It spoke against the "Tariff of Abominations," and proposed nullification of the tariff. Calhoun wished to use nullification to prevent secession, yet address the grievances of sectionalist Southerners. These sectionalist ideas helped lead to the Civil War. | 42 | |
| 1416552447 | Tariff of 1832, 1833 | 1832 -- did away with the worst part of the 1828 tariff, but southerners still hated it. SC ended up nullifying it. 1833 -- squeezed through another compromise | 43 | |
| 1416898621 | Force Bill | In response to South Carolina's bullshit about the Tariff of Abominations. Basically the government can use the army and navy if he needs to to collect tariffs | 44 | |
| 1416898622 | Five Civilized Tribes | cherokees, creeks, choctaws, chickasaws, and seminoles | 45 | |
| 1416898623 | Indian Removal Act | Passed in 1830 (Jackson really wanted this), it said we could forcibly transfer Indians to the west of the Mississippi. | 46 | |
| 1416898624 | Trail of Tears | The road indians | 47 | |
| 1416898625 | Nicholas Biddle | The corrupt leader of the BUS, he lent out funds to friends and used the money to bribe people. | 48 | |
| 1416898626 | Jackson & the Bank of the United States | 1. It was highly important and useful, but not necessarily pure. 2. Jackson saw it as a conspiracy to keep the common man down economically, and wanted it to die. 3. Henry Clay tried to recharter the BUS, but Jackson demolished it with a veto that said it was unconstitutional. | 49 | |
| 1416898628 | Pet Banks | In order to kill the BUS, Jackson withdrew money and put it in these banks, which led to inflation | 50 | |
| 1416898630 | Specie Circular | presidential order that required all purchases of federal lands be made in gold and silver instead of paper money. led to the panic of 1837 | 51 | |
| 1416898632 | Panic of 1837 | 1. Caused by "wildcat banks", loans, over-speculation, and the bank war. 2. Banknotes lost their value and land sales plummeted | 52 | |
| 1416898633 | Themes of Jacksonian Democracy | 1. Increased political democracy 2. Increased the power and prestige of the presidency 3. A period of expansionism and optimism 4. Sectionalist supplanted nationalism. | 53 | |
| 1416898635 | Formation of the Whig party | 1. Opponents of Jackson despised his iron fist, called him "King Andrew" 2. This grew became known as the Whigs, who generally disliked Jackson and supported Clay's American system | 54 | |
| 1416898637 | Election of 1840 | 1. Jackson nominated Martin Van Buren to make sure his plans were followed through with. 2. Whigs nominated William Henry Harrison, war here. "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" Harrison won but died about a month in, and his vice president John Tyler came in, and then he wasn't even much of a whig. | 55 | |
| 1416898639 | Stephen Austin | made an agreement with Mexican government to bring about 300 families into Texas to settle. | 56 | |
| 1416898641 | Kitchen Cabinet | Informal group of friends who advised Jackson during his administration. Jackson believed that the "official" Cabinet's main function was to carry out his orders. | 57 | |
| 1416898642 | The Lone Star Rebellion | 1. Led by Sam Housten 2. Mexico freed the slaves and prohibited them in Texas, which infuriated the citizens. 3. Santa Anna raised an army to suppress the Texans, and the next year they declared independence. 4. Big battles -- Alamo and Goliad. 5. Texans win and want to be a state, but slavery blocked this. | 58 | |
| 1416898644 | Two party system: Democrats vs. Whigs | Democrats -- individualism, states rights, generally from the south and west, usually poorer Whigs -- favored national bank, protective tariffs, internal approvements, mostly wealthier, generally from the east | 59 |
