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| 9785689378 | Great Goddess | according to one theory, a dominant deity of the Palaeolithic era. | 0 | |
| 9785689379 | Venus figurines | Palaeolithic carvings of the female form often with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips, and stomach, which may have had a religious significance. | 1 | |
| 9785689380 | Hammurabi | (code of) a series of laws publicized at the order of King Hammurabi of Babylon; not actually a code, but a number of laws that proclaim the king's commitment to social order | 2 | |
| 9785689381 | Hatshepsut (hat-shep-soot) | ancient Egypt's most famous (possibly influential) female queen; reigned 1472-57 BCE | 3 | |
| 9785689382 | Abraham/Moses | founder/important prophet in Judaism | 4 | |
| 9785689383 | Isaiah | one of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (8th century BCE) | 5 | |
| 9785689384 | Qin Shi Huangdi | literally, "first emperor from the Qin"; Shi hungdi forcibly reunited China and established a strong & representative state | 6 | |
| 9785689385 | Han Wudi | Han emperor who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats | 7 | |
| 9785689386 | Confucius (Kong-Fuzi) | the founder of Confucianism; an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history. (551-479 BCE) | 8 | |
| 9785689387 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379-395 CE) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire, banning all polytheistic rituals (although many practices continued). | 9 | |
| 9785689388 | Ashoka | the most famous ruler of the Mauryan Empire, who converted to Buddhism & tried to rule peacefully and with tolerance | 10 | |
| 9785689389 | Herodotus (hair-ODD-uh-tus) | Greek historian known as the "father of history" (ca. 484-425 BCE). His Histories enunciated the Greek view of the fundamental divide between East & West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars of 490-480 BCE | 11 | |
| 9785689390 | Cyrus (the Great) | founder of the Persian Empire (r. 557-530 BCE); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation. | 12 | |
| 9785689391 | Darius I | great king of Persia (r. 522-486 BCE) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire. | 13 | |
| 9785689392 | Alexander the Great | Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 BCE), conqueror of the Persian Empire and part of northwest India. | 14 | |
| 9785689393 | Paul of Tarsus | aka Saint Paul; the first great popularizer of Christianity | 15 | |
| 9785689394 | Thales of Miletus | a Greek natural philosopher (ca. 624- ca. 547 BCE), noted for his application of reason to astronomy and for his questioning of the fundamental nature of the universe. | 16 | |
| 9785689395 | Pericles | a prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 BCE); presided over the Athenian "Golden Age". | 17 | |
| 9785689396 | Spartacus | Roman gladiator who led the most threatening slave revolt in history against the Roman Republic (73-71 BCE) | 18 | |
| 9785689397 | Ahura Mazda & Angra Mainya | Zoroastrian gods of good & evil, engaged in a cosmic struggle against one another | 19 | |
| 9785689398 | Constantine | Roman emperor whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the spread of Christianity into Europe. | 20 | |
| 9785689399 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | the Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566 ca. 486 BCE) who founded Buddhism. (siddARTH-uh gow-TAHM-uh) | 21 | |
| 9785689400 | Daoism | a Chinese philosophy / religious tradition that advocates simplicity, & understanding of the natural world, founded by Laozi | 22 | |
| 9785689401 | Abraham/Moses | founder/important prophet in Judaism | 23 | |
| 9785689402 | Jesus of Nazareth | central prophet / son of/& God in Christianity (ca. 6 BCE - ca. 30 CE) | 24 | |
| 9785689403 | Muhammad | received word of God (as told in the Quran) in Islam | 25 | |
| 9785689404 | Hippocrates | influential Greek medical theorist, considered the father of medicine | 26 | |
| 9785689405 | Pythagoras | greek philosopher who believed in that an unchanging mathematical order underlines the apparent chaos of the world | 27 | |
| 9785689406 | Socrates | the first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 BCE) | 28 | |
| 9785689407 | Plato | a disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while goings beyond them to express is own philosophy (429-348 BCE) | 29 | |
| 9785689408 | Aristotle | a Greek polymath (person of great or varied learning) philosopher; student of Plato and instructor of Alexander the Great (348-322 BCE) | 30 | |
| 9785689409 | Laozi (low-tzuh) | a legendary Chinese philosopher of the sixth century BCE; regarded as the founder of Daoism. | 31 | |
| 9785689410 | Julius Caesar | used military to seize power, dictator 47-44 BC, gave land to poor, political offices to friends, weakened Senate, changed to 365 day calendar (was Egyptian), left Octavian and Mark Antony to fight for power after assassination & 2nd Civil War | 32 | |
| 9785689411 | Octavian Augustus | Caesar's heir and grandnephew Mark Antony rival (whom had been a lover of both his mother & Cleopatra VII after Caesar's death) promise to restore the Republic, actually first emperor (consolidated), the Senate had less and less power, found city of brick, left city of marble, named God after death | 33 | |
| 9785689412 | Aspasia | foreign woman who lived in Athens (ca. 470-400BCE) who worked with Pericles & was legendary for her learning & wit. | 34 | |
| 9785689413 | Ban Zhao | Chinese female writer and court official (ca.45-116CE) whose works provided insight into the lives & status of women in classical China. | 35 | |
| 9785689414 | Apedemek (ah-PED-eh-mek) | the lion god of classical Meroe; his popularity shows a turn away from Egyptian cultural influence. | 36 | |
| 9785689415 | An Lushan | foreign-born general who led a major revolt vs. Tang dynasty between 755-63 CE, perhaps provoking China's xenophobia | 37 | |
| 9785689416 | Shotoku Taishi | Japanese statesman who launched drives to make Japan a more centralized bureaucratic state modeled on China, wrote 17th Article Constitution, which laid out reforms | 38 | |
| 9785689417 | Emperor Wendi | Sui dynasty emperor (r. 581-604 CE) who particularly patronized Buddhism | 39 | |
| 9785689418 | Muhammad ibn Musa al Khwarizm | An astronomer, ,geographer and mathematician, founded algebra and algorithms | 40 | |
| 9785689419 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor (r.527-565 CE), noted for his short-lived re-conquest of much of the former western Roman Empire and for his codification of Roman law | 41 | |
| 9785689420 | Vladimir I | grand prince of Kiev (r.978-1015 CE) who conversion to Orthodox Christianity led to the incorporation of Russia into the sphere of Eastern Orthodoxy | 42 | |
| 9785689421 | Empress Wu | The only female emperor in Chinese history (r. 690-705 CE), she patronized scholarships for & worked to improve the position of women; provoking backlash from Confucian scholars. | 43 | |
| 9785689422 | Mansa Kankan Musa | the tenth mansa or emperor of the Mali Empire during its height in the 14th century. He ruled as mansa from 1312 to 1337. Musa is most noted for his 1324 hajj to Mecca; where the wealth of the Mali kingdom was displayed and his role as a benefactor of Islamic scholarship. | 44 | |
| 9785689423 | The Trung Twins | After two centuries of Chinese rule, the Vietnamese rose up under the leadership of two sisters, Trung Trac and Trung Nhi, who formed an army of 80,000. They trained 36 women to be generals & drove the Chinese out of Viet Nam in A.D. 40. They continued to fight the Chinese for three years, but, unsuccessful, they committed suicide. | 45 | |
| 9785689424 | Tomoe Gozen | samurai fought in Japan's Genpei War (1180-1185). Known for her skills with the sword & the bow, and her wild horse-breaking skills were also legendary. | 46 | |
| 9785689425 | Genghis Khan | title means "universal ruler", that was given to the Mongol leader, born Temujin, in 1206 after he united the Mongols | 47 | |
| 9785689426 | Kubilai Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan who ruled China from 1271-1294 CE | 48 | |
| 9785689427 | Timur/Tamerlane | Turkic warrior king; restored much of the Mongol Empire devastating much of Persia, Russia, & India | 49 | |
| 9785689428 | Hulegu Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan (ca. 1217-1265) who became the first il-khan (subordinate khan) of Persia | 50 | |
| 9785689429 | Ghazan Khan | il-Khan of Persia who ruled from 1295-1304; he is noted for his efforts to repair the Mongol damage to Persia | 51 | |
| 9785689430 | Marco Polo | European traveler in Middle Ages (1254-1324) whose accounts of his travels to & while in China were widely popular in Europe. | 52 | |
| 9785689431 | Yongle | Chinese emperor during the Ming dynasty, leading restoration, commissioned a huge fleet to spread awareness of Chinese superiority in Asia & East Africa | 53 | |
| 9785689432 | Zheng He | Chinese admiral who commanded a fleet of more than 300 ships in a series of voyages of contact & exploration from 1405-33 | 54 | |
| 9785689433 | Christopher Columbus | Genoese mariner commissioned by Spain to search for a new route to Asia; in 1492 he landed in the Bahamas (America) instead | 55 | |
| 9785689434 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer whose voyage was the first European to reach India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa | 56 | |
| 9785689435 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese mariner who commanded the first European (Spanish) fleet to circumnavigate the globe (1519-21 CE) | 57 | |
| 9785689436 | Leonardo da Vinci | painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist (many examples of all) Famous Portrait: the Mona Lisa, self; Famous religious painting: The Last Supper | 58 | |
| 9785689437 | Dante Alighieri | writer, philosopher; writes The Divine Comedy (character explores three levels of Christian afterlife, Hell, Purgatory, & Heaven) & La Vita Nuova (love sonnets about a women Dante was in love with though he only met her twice) | 59 | |
| 9785689438 | Johann Gutenberg | German develops printing press; printing press allows for quick, cheap book production (new ideas spread fast about a variety of topics to all people not just rich & Church) First book printed with movable type, Gutenberg Bible (between 1450-55) | 60 | |
| 9785689439 | Aurangzeb (ow-rang-ZEB) | Mughal emperor (r. 1658-1707) who reversed his predecessors' policies of religious tolerance and attempted to impose Islamic supremacy | 61 | |
| 9785689440 | Akbar | The most famous emperor of India's Mughal Empire (r. 1556-1605); his policies are noted for their efforts at religious tolerance & inclusion | 62 | |
| 9785689441 | Martin Luther | German priest & theologian (1483-1546) who inaugurated the Protestant Reformation movement in Europe, he posted 95 Theses, or debating points concerning the abuses of the Catholic Church, on the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany (1517), the church's strong reaction forced Luther to separate from the Catholic Christianity | 63 | |
| 9785689442 | Galileo Galilei | Italian astronomer who further developed the ideas of Copernicus & whose work was eventually suppressed by the Catholic Church | 64 | |
| 9785689443 | Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish mathematician & astronomer (1473- 1563) who was the first to argue for the existence of a heliocentric cosmos | 65 | |
| 9785689444 | Marquis de Condorcet (khan-dor-SAY) | (1743-94) a French philosopher & political scientist | 66 | |
| 9785689445 | Sigmund Freud | Austrian doctor (1856-1939); father of psychoanalysis whose theories about the operation of the human mind & emotions remain influential today | 67 | |
| 9785689446 | Karl Marx | German philosopher (1818-1883), whose view of human history as a class struggle formed the basis of socialism | 68 | |
| 9785689447 | Voltaire | pen name of French philosopher (1694-1778), who work is often taken as a model of Enlightenment questioning traditional values & attitudes; noted for his deism & critic of traditional religion | 69 | |
| 9785689448 | Henry VIII | 1529 wanted divorce & eventually (along with England) leaves Church & form Church of England | 70 | |
| 9785689449 | Peter (I) the Great | reigned from 1689 till 1725, who attempted a massive reform of Russian society in an effort to catch up with the states of Western Europe. | 71 | |
| 9785689450 | Jesuits in China | Series of missionaries in the late 16th & 17th centuries who, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci , made extraordinary efforts to understand and become a part of Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elite to Christianity thinking the rest of the population would follow, although w/ limited success | 72 | |
| 9785689451 | Napoleon Bonaparte | French head of state from 1799 till is abdication in 1814 (and again briefly in 1815); he preserved much of the French Revolution under an autocratic system and was responsible for the spread of revolutionary ideals through his conquest of much of Europe | 73 | |
| 9785689452 | Isaac Newton | English natural scientist (1643-1727) whose formulation of the laws of motion & mechanics is regarded as the culmination of Scientific Revolution | 74 | |
| 9785689461 | Thomas Hobbes | - distrusts humans, favors strong government to keep order; promotes social contract - getting order by giving power to monarch | 75 | |
| 9785689462 | John Locke | thought government gets power from the people; stresses that people have a right to overthrow an unjust government | 76 | |
| 9785689453 | Rousseau | favored individual freedom, direct democracy; views social contract as agreement by free people to form government; called for speedy trials, greater rights for criminal defendants | 77 | |
| 9785689454 | Hernando Cortés | lands in Mexico with 600 men reach Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, by 1521, they conquer Aztec empire; aided by superior weapons, Native American allies | 78 | |
| 9785689455 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish conqueror leads force to Peru in 1532; | 79 | |
| 9785689456 | Francisco Coronado | explores Southwest, finds little gold; Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest; In 1610, Spanish establish capital of Santa Fe after most pueblos defeated or subdued | 80 | |
| 9785689457 | Toussaint Louverture | first leader of the Haitian Revolution, a former slave (1743-1803) who wrote the first constitution in Haiti and served as the first governor of the newly independent state | 81 | |
| 9785689458 | Seneca Falls Conference | The first organized women's rights conference, which took place at Seneca Falls, NY in 1848; attended by Elizabeth Cady Stanton | 82 | |
| 9785689463 | Oda Nobunaga | - greatest soldier of his time, started a process through diplomacy and war that put an end to political fragmentation in Japan and paved the way for the unique feudal system that governed Japan during the Tokugawa period (1602-1867). | 83 | |
| 9785689459 | Toyotomi Hideyoshi | - feudal lord and chief Imperial minister (1585-98), who completed the 16th-century unification of Japan begun by Oda Nobunaga. | 84 | |
| 9785689464 | Tokugawa Ieyasu | - founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan which ruled from 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. Early in his career he helped Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi unify Japan. In 1590 he received the area surrounding Edo (Tokyo) in fief, and made it his capital. After Hideyoshi's death (1598), he became the most powerful daimyo by defeating rival barons in battle & became shogun in 1603. | 85 | |
| 9785689460 | Matthew Perry | The "opening" of Japan; as US commodore is depicted meeting with Japanese officials in 1853; launching a series of dramatic changes in Japan, focusing on industrialization and modernization. | 86 | |
| 9802036713 | Hidalgo Morelos rebellion | - socially radical peasant insurrection that began in Mexico in 1810 and that was led by two priests Miguel de Hidalgo & Jose Morelos | 87 | |
| 9802048569 | Karl Marx (1818-1883) | - the most influential proponent of socialism, a German expatriate in England who advocated workingclass revolution as the key to creating an ideal communist future. . | 88 | |
| 9802058528 | Queen Victoria | used to be longest reigning monarch in British history; becoming queen at the age of 18 she ruled from 1837 till 1901 at the height of British imperial power. | 89 | |
| 9802063386 | Elizabeth Cady Stanton | a leading figure of the early women's rights movement in the US; other notable attendees were Lucretia Mott, Frederick Douglass, & Martha Wright | 90 | |
| 9817599854 | Rochambeau | George Washington's sidekick | 91 | |
| 9817606510 | Louis XVI | King during the french revolution | 92 | |
| 9817613681 | Marie Antoinette | Queen during the french revolution | 93 | |
| 9817640705 | Thomas Edison | a businessman & more importantly an inventor with over 1,000 patents worldwide. | 94 | |
| 9817646688 | Marie and Pierre Curie | noted for their work on radioactivity, in their laboratory in France. | 95 | |
| 9817659396 | Josef Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition | 96 | |
| 9817668918 | Vladimir (Lenin) Ulyanov | a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He served as head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. | 97 | |
| 9817675804 | Charles Dow | man who invented the wall street journal | 98 | |
| 9817703025 | Henry Ford | man who mass produced cars | 99 | |
| 9817707181 | Lucky Luciano | a US criminal, born in Sicily. He became the head of a powerful criminal organization in New York in the 1920s and probably ordered the murder of his rival, 'Dutch' Schultz in 1935. | 100 | |
| 9817709523 | Al Capone | United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during prohibition until arrested for tax evasion (1899-1947) book made after him about alcatraz | 101 | |
| 9817730859 | Lindbergh | flew across the atlantic | 102 | |
| 9817737558 | Albert Einstein | physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity | 103 | |
| 9817745250 | Charlie Chaplin | first international movie star | 104 | |
| 9817752997 | Benito Mussolini | Italian Fascist statesman, prime minister | 105 | |
| 9817755860 | Adolf Hitler | A German political leader of the twentieth century, born in Austria. His early program for Germany is contained in his book Mein Kampf. He dreamed of creating a master race of pure Aryans, who would rule for a thousand years as the third German Empire, or Third Reich. | 106 | |
| 9817763644 | Winston Churchill | An English political leader and author of the twentieth century; he became prime minister shortly after World War II began and served through the end of the war in Europe` | 107 | |
| 9817775884 | Franklin Roosevelt | the only person to be Time's Man of the Year 3 times; 1932, 1934, & 1941. He was US President from 1933-45, seeing the nation through the Depression & WWII | 108 | |
| 9817781673 | Juan Peron | fascist dictator of Argentina | 109 | |
| 9817786714 | Augusto Pinochet | former dictator of Chile | 110 | |
| 9817789764 | Mao Zedong | est. People's Republic of China in 1949 on the main gate of the Forbidden City in Beijing & led till his death in 1976. (R) His successor Deng Xiaoping led China till mid 90's & started the new era. | 111 | |
| 9817803148 | Matahma Gandhi | political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule; an advocate of passive resistance | 112 | |
| 9817814496 | Malcolm X | An African-American political leader of the twentieth century. A prominent Black Muslim | 113 | |
| 9817819503 | Nelson Mandela | South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 | 114 | |
| 9817826057 | Apollo 11 | lands on moon's sea of tranquility | 115 |
