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| 226685725 | Harun al-Rashid | (766-809) Fifth Abbadid caliph; under his rule, the Abbasid dybasty reached its height and Islamic culture experience a flowering | 0 | |
| 226685726 | Saladin | Muslim leader in the last decades of the 12th century; reconquered most of the crusader outpost for Islam | 1 | |
| 226685727 | Al-Ghazali | Briliant Islamic theologian; struggled to fuse greek and Qur'anic traditions; not entirerly accepted by ulama | 2 | |
| 226685728 | Ibn-Khaldun | he was a historian who lived in the fourteenth century, he was the most prominent Muslim historian of the age. His most famous work was: Muquaddimah (introduction to history) He also argued for a cyclical view of history, and he believed that civilizations went through regular cycles of birth, growth, and decay. | 3 | |
| 226685729 | Muhammad ibn-Qasim | Arab general; conquered Sind in India; declared the region and the Indus valley to be part of Umayyad Empire | 4 | |
| 226685730 | Kabir | Muslim mystic during 15th century; played down the importance of ritual differences between Hinduism and Islam | 5 | |
| 226685731 | Mahmud of Ghazni | Third ruler of Turkish slave dynasty in Afghanistan; led invasions of northern India; credited with sacking one of wealthiest of Hindu temples in northern India; gave Muslims reputation for intolerance and aggression. | 6 | |
| 226685732 | Ibn Batuta | Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records | 7 | |
| 226685733 | Sundiata | The Lion Prince; a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died about 1260 | 8 | |
| 226685734 | Sunni Ali | created Sunni Dynasty; rule lasted 30 years; many military campaigns/victories; conquered Timbuktu and Djenne, which gave Songhai control of trade; focus on trading empire | 9 | |
| 226685735 | Mansa Musa | Ruler of Mali (r. 1312-1337). His pilgrimage through Egypt to Mecca in 1324-1325 established the empire's reputation for wealth in the Mediterranean world. | 10 | |
| 226685736 | Askia Muhammad | Ruler of the Songhai Empire from 1493 to 1528 who expanded the empire and organized its government | 11 | |
| 226685737 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruled by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code | 12 | |
| 226685738 | Belisarius | one of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of Western Europe; commended in North Africa and Italy | 13 | |
| 226685739 | Theodora/ Zoe | Sisters, served jointly as rulers of the Byzantine Empire (not the same theodora that married Justinian) | 14 | |
| 226685740 | Cyril/ Methodus | Missionaries sent by Byzantine goverment to eastern Europe and the Balkans; converted to the southern Russia and bulkans to orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic known as Cyrillic | 15 | |
| 226685741 | Rurik | Legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 c.e. | 16 | |
| 226685742 | Vladimir I | Ruler of Russian Kingdom of Kiev frome 980 to 1015; converted kingdom to Christianity | 17 | |
| 226685743 | Yaroslav I | Last of great Kievan monarchs, issued legal codification based on formal codes developed in Byzantium | 18 | |
| 226685744 | Procopius | Historian of the Byzantine Empire who in his Secret History revealed the cruelty of the autocratic system in which the emperor ruled by divine providence. | 19 | |
| 226685745 | Clovis | Early Frankish king; converted Franks to Christianity c. 496; allowed establishment of Frankish kingdom. | 20 | |
| 226685746 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival. | 21 | |
| 226685747 | William the Conqueror | invaded England from Normandy in 1066; extended tight feudal system to England; established administrative system based on sheriffs; established centralized monarchy | 22 | |
| 226685748 | Urban II | Called First Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to mount military assault to free the Holy Land from the Muslims. | 23 | |
| 226685749 | St. Clare of Assisi | 13th-century founder of a women's monastic order; represented a new spirit of purity and dedication to the Catholic church | 24 | |
| 226685750 | Gregory VII | Pope during the 11th century who attempted to free Church from interference of feudal lords; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture. | 25 | |
| 226685751 | Peter Ableard | (1079-1142) Author of "Yes and No"; university scholar who applied logic to problems of theology; demonstrated logical cantradictions within established docterine | 26 | |
| 226685752 | Thomas Aquinas | creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of several Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God | 27 | |
| 226685753 | Muhammad | Prophet of Islam; born c. 570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father's family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. and thereafter; died in 632. | 28 | |
| 226685754 | Ali | Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a. | 29 | |
| 226685755 | Abu Bakr | (c.573-634) One of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Islamic community | 30 | |
| 226685756 | Khadijan | First wife if the prophet muhammad, who worked for her as a trader | 31 | |
| 226685757 | Al-Abbas | Muhammads uncle or Founder of the Abbasid dynasty; relentlessly pursued the Ummayads | 32 | |
| 226685758 | Diocletian | (245-313) Emperor of Rome who was responsible for dividing Rome into different provinces and districts. Eventually, the eastern portions of the Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire. | 33 | |
| 226685759 | Constantine | Roman Emperor (4th century C.E.) who promoted tolerance to all religions in the Roman Empire and legalized Christianity. | 34 | |
| 226685760 | Paul | one of the first Christian missionaries; moved away from insistence that adherents of the new religion follow Jewish Law; use of Greek as language of the Church | 35 | |
| 226685761 | Augustine | Influential church father and theologian(354-430 C.E); born in Africa and ultimately Bishop of Hippo in Africa; champion of Christian doctrine against various heresies and very important in the long-term development of Christian thought on such issues as predestination | 36 | |
| 226685762 | Benedict | Founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire; established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century; paralleled development of Basil's rules in Byzantine Empire. | 37 | |
| 226753173 | Cyrus | Establshed massive Presian empier by 550 BCE; successor of state to mesopatamian empires | 38 | |
| 226753174 | Zoroaster | Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (628-551 B.C.E) taught that the earth is a battleground where a great struggle if fought between the spirit of good and the spirit of evil | 39 | |
| 226753175 | Pericles | Athenian political leader; guided development of Athenia; died during early stages of Peloponnesian War | 40 | |
| 226753176 | Aristotle | (384-322 B.C.E)Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based on observation of phenomena in material world | 41 | |
| 226753177 | Socrates | Later Century BCE Athenian philosopher who urged rational reflection of moral desicions; condemed to death for corrupting minds of athenian young | 42 | |
| 226753178 | Plato | Socrates' most well known pupil. Founded an academy in Athens. | 43 | |
| 226753179 | Philip II | Ruled Macedon from 359 to 336 BCE; founder of centralized kingdom; later conquered the rest of Greece, which was subjected to Macedonian authority | 44 | |
| 226753180 | Alexander the Great | Successor of Philip II; successfully conqueredPersian Empire prior ro his death in 323 BCE; attempted to combine Greek and persian Cultures | 45 | |
| 226753181 | Hannibal | Great Carthaginian general during Second Punic War; successfully invaded Italy but failed to conquer Rome; finally defeated at Battle of Zama | 46 | |
| 226753182 | Julius Caesar | Roman general responsible for conquest of Gual; brought army back to Rome and over threw republic assassinated in 44 BCE by conservative senators | 47 | |
| 226753183 | Augustus Caesar | Name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome. | 48 | |
| 226753184 | Cicero | (106-43 BCE) Conservative Roman senator; Stoic philosopher; one of great orators of his day; killed in reaction to assassination of Julius Caesar. | 49 | |
| 226753185 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha | 50 | |
| 226753186 | Asoka | Grandson of Chandragupta; completed conquest of Indian sub-continent; converted to Budhism and sponserd spread of new reliogion throughout his empire | 51 | |
| 226753187 | Aryabhatta | Famous classical mathematician, wrote a book that summarized Hindu mathematics, discovered pi, calculated the length of the solar system, and the circumference of the earth | 52 | |
| 226753188 | Chandragupta Maurya | (r. 322-298 BCE) Founder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization | 53 | |
| 226753189 | Kautilya | (350-275 BCE) Political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; one of the authors of Arthashastra; believed in scientific application of warfare. | 54 | |
| 226753190 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization; unified China, ruled Qin dynasty,built many roads, started Great Wall of China, divided kingdoms into districs, the first emperor of China | 55 | |
| 226753191 | Kong Fuzi | (Confucius; founder of Confucianism) Major Chinese philosopher born 6th century BCE; author of Analects; philosophy based on need for restoration of order through advice of superior men to be found amoung the Shi | 56 | |
| 226768545 | Laozi | Chinese Daoist philosopher; furtherd Doaism | 57 | |
| 226768546 | Wu Ti | (r.140-87 BC) ruler of the Han dynasty,enforced peace and set up exams for beauracrats | 58 | |
| 226768547 | Hammurabi | (1792-1750 BCE) The most important ruler of the Babylonian Empire; responsible for codification of Law | 59 | |
| 226768548 | P'an Ku | A giant in the Chinese creation myth whose dead body became the earth and his bones became humans | 60 | |
| 226768549 | Shangdi | Supreme being in early chinese civilization | 61 | |
| 226768550 | Menes | King of upper egypt who united upper and lower egypt and became the first Pharoh | 62 | |
| 226768551 | Akenaton | 1370 B.C. He changed the worship of many Egyptians because he only worshiped aton, he moved the capital from Thebes to a new city, he was not a favored ruler | 63 |
