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Klima AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

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9211009890Ad hominem argumentArgument appealing to personal considerations rather than logic or reason.0
9211009891Allegorya work with two levels of meaning, a literal one and a symbolic one.1
9211009892AlliterationThe repetition of consonant sounds at the beginnings of words.2
9211009893Allusionan indirect reference to a person, place, event, or literary work with which the author believes the reader will be familiar3
9211009894AmbiguityA technique in which a word, phrase, or event has more than one meaning or can be interpreted in more than one way.4
9211009895Analogya point-by-point comparison between two things for the purpose of clarifying the less familiar of the two subjects5
9211009896AnaphoraA repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive lines, clauses, or sentences.6
9211009897AnecdoteA brief story that focuses on a single episode or event in a person's life and that is used to illustrate a particular point7
9211009898AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause that a pronoun refers to.8
9211009899AphorismA brief statement, usually one sentence long, that expresses a general principle or truth about life.9
9211009900ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary preson or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love10
9211009901AssonanceThe repetition of vowel sounds within words.11
9211009902AtmosphereThe emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work,12
9211009903ClauseA grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.13
9211009904Colloquial/ColloquialismThe use of slang or informalities in speech in writing. They give works a more conversational, familiar tone.14
9211009905ConceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects15
9211009906ConcessionIn an argument, conceding that the opposing side has some validity16
9211009907ConnotationThe emotional response evoked by a word17
9211009908DenotationLiterally, the dictionary definition of a word18
9211009909DictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words is called diction.19
9211009910DidacticA work with the primary aim of teaching or instructing20
9211009911Elegya poem written in tribute to a person21
9211009912EuphemismA more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts.22
9211009913Extended Metaphora comparison between two essentially unlike things that nevertheless have something in common. It does not contain the word like or as. An extended metaphor compares two things at some length and in various ways.23
9211009914Figurative LanguageFigurative language is language that communicates ideas beyond the literal meaning of words.24
9211009915Figures of SpeechA device used to produce figurative language.25
9211009916Generic ConventionsThis term describes traditions for each genre.26
9211009917GenreGenre refers to the distinct types into which literary works can be grouped.27
9211009918HomilyThis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.28
9211009919HyperboleA figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or for humorous effect.29
9211009920ImageryThe descriptive words and phrases that a writer uses to re-create sensory experiences are called imagery.30
9211009921Inference/InferTo draw reasonable conclusions from the information presented.31
9211009922InvectiveAn emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.32
9211009923Irony/IronicIrony refers to a contrast between appearance and reality.33
9211009924Kinesthetic ImageryKinesthetic imagery re-creates the tension felt through muscles, tendons, or joints in the body.34
9211009925Loose sentenceA type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.35
9211009926MetaphorA figure of speech that compares two things that have something in common. Unlike similes, metaphors do not use the words like or as, but make comparisons directly.36
9211009927MetonomyA figure of speech which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.37
9211009928MoodMood is the feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader.38
9211009929NarrativeAny type of writing that relates to an event or a series of events.39
9211009930OnomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.40
9211009931Oxymorona special kind of concise paradox that brings together two contradictory terms41
9211009932Paradoxa statement that seems to contradict itself but may nevertheless suggest an important truth.42
9211009933Parallelismthe grammatical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.43
9211009934ParodyWriting that imitates either the style or the subject matter of a literary work for the purpose of criticism, humorous effect, or flattering tribute.44
9211009935PedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.45
9211009936Periodic SentenceA sentence that presents its central meaning in the main clause at the end.46
9211009937PersonificationPersonification is a figure of speech in which an object, animal, or idea is given human characteristics.47
9211009938Point of ViewPoint of view refers to the narrative perspective from which events in a story or novel are told.48
9211009939Predicate Adjectivesan adjective that follows a linking verb. It is in the predicate of the sentence, and modifies or describes the subject.49
9211009940Predicate Nominativea noun that renames the subject. It follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence.50
9211009941Primary SourcesMaterials written or created by people who were present at events are called primary sources.51
9211009942Proseprose refers to all forms of written or spoken expression that are not in verse.52
9211009943RepetitionRepetition is a technique in which a sound, word, phrase, or line is repeated for emphasis or unity.53
9211009944Rhetoricthis term describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently and persuasively.54
9211009945Rhetorical ModesThis term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.55
9211009946Rhetorical questionA question used for a rhetorical purpose that is not meant to be answered but the answer may be obvious56
9211009947SarcasmA type of verbal irony, refers to a critical remark expressed in a statement in which literal meaning is the opposite of actual meaning.57
9211009948SatireA literary technique in which foolish ideas or customs are ridiculed for the purpose of improving society.58
9211009949Similea figure of speech that compares two things that have something in common, using a word such as like or as.59
9211009950Stream of ConsciousnessA technique that presents the flow of a character's seemingly unconnected thoughts, responses, and sensations.60
9211009951Subject complementThe word or clause that follows a linking verb61
9211009952Syllogisma deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises—the first one called "major" and the second "minor"—that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.62
9211009953Symbol/SymbolismGenerally, anything that represents or stands for something else.63
9211009954SyntaxThe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses and sentences.64
9211009955Themean underlying message that a writer wants the reader to understand.65
9211009956ThesisSentence that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition66
9211009957ToneA writer's attitude toward his or her subject.67
9211009958TransitionA word or phrase that links different ideas.68
9211009959UnderstatementA technique of creating emphasis by saying less than is actually or literally true.69
9211009960Voicerefers to a writer's unique use of language that allows a reader to "hear" a human personality in his or her writing.70
9211009961Witintellectually amusing language that surprises and delights71

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