Chapter five Definitions. AP World History
Terms : Hide Images
| 86314936 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E, during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate | 0 | |
| 86314937 | Roman Senate | A council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the senate effectively governed the Roman state and growing empire. | 1 | |
| 86314938 | Patron/Client Relationship | In ancient Rome, a fundamental social relationship in which the patron—a wealthy and powerful individual—provided legal and economic protection and assistance to clients, men of lesser status and means, and in return the clients supported the political careers and economic interests of their patron. | 2 | |
| 86314939 | Roman Principate | A term used to characterize Roman government in the first three centuries C.E., based on the ambiguous title princeps ("first citizen') adopted by Augustus to conceal his military dictatorship. | 3 | |
| 86314940 | Augustus | Honorific name of Octavian founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate. After defeating all rivals, between 31 B.C.E and 14 C.E. he laid the groundwork for several centuries of stability and prosperity in the Roman Empire. | 4 | |
| 86314941 | Equites | In ancient Italy, prosperous landowners second in wealth and status to the santorial aristocracy. | 5 | |
| 86314942 | Pax Romana | Literally, Roman Peace, it connoted the stability and prosperity that Roman rule brough to the lands of the Roman Empire in the first two centuries C.E. The movement of people and trade goods along Roman roads and safe seas allowed for the spread of cultural practices, technologies, and religious ideas. | 6 | |
| 86314943 | Romanization | The process by which the Latin language and Roman culture became dominant in the western provinces of the Roman Empire. | 7 | |
| 86314944 | Jesus | A Jew from Galilee in the northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices. He was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans. Hailed as the Messiah and son of God by his followers. | 8 | |
| 86314945 | Paul | A Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initially persecuted the followers of Jesus, but after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus, became a Christian. | 9 | |
| 86314946 | Aqueduct | A conduit, either elevated or underground, using gravity to carry water from a source to a location—usually a city—that needed it. | 10 | |
| 86314947 | Third-century Crisis | Historians' term for the political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century C.E. | 11 | |
| 86314948 | Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from "Byzantium" an early name for Constantinople. | 12 | |
| 86314949 | Qin | A people and state in the Wel Valley of eastern China that conquered rival states and created the first Chine empire. (221-206) B.C.E). | 13 | |
| 86314950 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E) | 14 | |
| 86314951 | Han | A term used to designate (1) the ethnic Chinese people who originated in the Yellow River Valley and spread throughout regions of China suitable for agriculture and (2) the dynasty of emperors who ruled from 202 B.C.E to 220 C.E | 15 | |
| 86314952 | Chang'an | City in the Wei Valley in eastern China. It became the capital of Qin and early Han Empires. | 16 | |
| 86314953 | Gentry | In China, the class of prosperous families, next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel. Respected for the education and expertise, | 17 |
