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| 2220766384 | A. Nucleus | Which of the following is associated only with eukaryotes A. Nucleus B. DNA C. Flagella D. Ribosomes E. Chromosomes | 0 | |
| 2220813237 | eukaryotes | Membrane enclosed organelles with specialized functions are only present in... | 1 | |
| 2220813238 | Golgi apparatus | Synthesizes and secretes cell products | 2 | |
| 2220813239 | ER | Synthesizes membranes, aids in metabolism | 3 | |
| 2220814792 | mitochondrion | Performs cellular respiration, ATP production | 4 | |
| 2220863681 | D. An organism containing an endosymbiont is engulfed by another organism and becomes an endosymbiont. | Which of the following is true of secondary endosymbiosis? A. It is indicated by the presence of a double membrane surrounding the endymbiont. B. An organism containing one endosymbiont engulfs another organism, and that organism becomes an endosymbiont. C. It is indicated by the presence of a nucleomorph. D. An organism containing an endosymbiont is engulfed by another organism and becomes an endosymbiont. E. It is indicated by the presence of a mixotroph. | 5 | |
| 2220870124 | modified or reduced mitochondria | The cellular powerhouse of diplomonads and parabsalids are... |  | 6 |
| 2220872860 | Alveolata | The membranes of this clade, which include dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates are characterized by cells with small, membrane-bounded cavities under their cell membranes |  | 7 |
| 2220890620 | photosynthetic | Green, brown, and red algae, chlorophytes, and charophyceans are some examples of protists that are... | 8 | |
| 2220894764 | kinetoplastids | Parasitic, flagellated cells that have a single, large mitochondrion containing an organized mass of DNA, and can cause sleeping sickness are classified as... |  | 9 |
| 2220904710 | brown algae, red algae, and green algae | These three groups contain large algae, also known as seaweeds | 10 | |
| 2220905931 | B. Cellular slime molds (they're ameobozoans) | Stramenophiles include all of the following except... A. Water molds B. Cellular slime molds C. Diatoms D. Brown algae E. Golden algae | 11 | |
| 2220913209 | diatoms | This group is characterized by glasslike walls containing silica |  | 12 |
| 2220915168 | apicomplexan | Plasmodiu, the parasitic organism that causes malaria, is a(n)... |  | 13 |
| 2220923406 | ciliate | A paramecium is a(n)... |  | 14 |
| 2220925182 | brown algae | The largest seaweeds are... |  | 15 |
| 2220930583 | ciliates | These organisms move and feed using tiny hairlike appendages |  | 16 |
| 2220936774 | stramenopila | This group is characterized by cells with fine, hairlike projections on their flagella |  | 17 |
| 2220945498 | red algae | The specialized photosynthetic pigment of these organisms allow them to live in deep water |  | 18 |
| 2220949435 | oomycetes | This group (water molds and their relatives) includes both aquatic decomposers and parasites responsible for late potato blight |  | 19 |
| 2220952660 | chlorophytes | This algal group has chloroplasts much like those of green plants in structure and makeup |  | 20 |
| 2220959551 | dinoflagellates | The organisms responsible for red tide are... |  | 21 |
| 2220966105 | cellular slime molds | These organisms form a multicellular mass that forms fruiting bodies when food is scarce, but their cells remain separated |  | 22 |
| 2220970890 | Protista is polyphyletic and some protists are more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi, than they are to other protists | The reason that the kingdom Protista has been abandoned | 23 | |
| 2220976833 | merozoites | The form of Plasmodium that is the immediate cause of anemia in humans |  | 24 |
| 2220984399 | merozoites | Merozoites live off the hemoglobin and nutrients in red blood cells and divide to produce these, destroying red blood cells in the process | 25 | |
| 2220986281 | Cytotoxic T cells | The cells that destroy infected liver cells by recognizing a Plasmodium protein on the surface of those cells |  | 26 |
| 2220992473 | they showed that organic molecules such as amino acids could be produced from inorganic molecules | Miller and Urey's experiments that attempted to recreate conditions on early Earth were significant because... | 27 | |
| 2220994947 | 4.5 bya, 3.9 bya | Earth probably formed about ______, and the first life evolved as early as _____ | 28 | |
| 2220999175 | From engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria | According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate? | 29 | |
| 2221003534 | chloroplast | This organelle was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium | 30 | |
| 2221009308 | E. Colonial photosynthetic eukaryote | In a sample of pond water, a new organism is identified with the following characteristics: It consists of 70 cells surrounded by rigid cell walls, which join the cells together. Inside each of these identical cells are mitochondria and chloroplasts. Such an organism would most likely be classified as a... A. Colonial eukaryotic fungus B. Multicellular photosynthetic prokaryote C. Fungal photosynthetic eukaryote D. Colonial photosynthetic prokaryote E. Colonial photosynthetic eukaryote |  | 31 |
| 2221013395 | A. cellular adhesion and intercellular communication | The evolution of multicellularity in animals required adaptations that promoted A. cellular adhesion and intercellular communication B. cellular migration and cellular adhesion. C. photosynthesis and cellular migration. D. cellular fusion and regeneration. E. cellular migration and intercellular communication | 32 | |
| 2221017246 | E. diplomonads and parabasalids | Which of the following are two groups that are adapted to anaerobic conditions and contain reduced mitochondria that lack DNA? A.dinoflagellates and diatoms B. chlorophytes and radiolarians C. apicomplexans and forams D. gymnamoebas and slime molds E. diplomonads and parabasalids | 33 | |
| 2221020492 | cyanobacterium | Archaeplastids, which include red and green algae and land plants, are thought to have descended from a heterotrophic protist that engulfed a(n)... | 34 | |
| 2221024600 | conjugation | The process that, in ciliates, is sexual, and results in the production of two genetically novel individuals by combining the genes of two parents | 35 | |
| 2221029718 | phytoplankton | This group of prokaryotic autotrophs floats near the surface of the water and is the basis of the food chain | 36 | |
| 2221031529 | RNA has both information storage and catalytic properties | Why do some scientists believe that RNA, rather than DNA, was the first genetic material? | 37 | |
| 2221033168 | B. Their offspring may be more adaptable to changes in the environment. | What advantage do organisms that reproduce sexually have over organisms that reproduce asexually? A. Their offspring are bigger and better able to reproduce. B. Their offspring may be more adaptable to changes in the environment. C. Their offspring can exist in both haploid and diploid stages. D. Their offspring may have more mutations. | 38 | |
| 2221037226 | syngamy | The term that describes the fusion of two gametes to form a diploid zygote |  | 39 |
| 2221040529 | gametophyte | The multicellular haploid form of a protist that shows alternation of generations |  | 40 |
| 2221043149 | holdfast | The structure that mediates the attachment of spores to a surface on which to grow | 41 | |
| 2221049870 | haploid spores | The product of a diploid sporophyte's role in alternation of generations |  | 42 |
| 2221056284 | haploid, mitosis, gametes, diploid zygote | Gametophytes are ______ adults that produce cells that undergo ______ and form ______ that fuse to form a... | 43 | |
| 2221061305 | haploid, gametophytes, haploid | Organisms that exhibit alternation of generations reproduce asexually in the diploid stage by producing _________ cells that form _______, which germinate into _______ adults | 44 | |
| 2221068340 | apicomplexans | Parasites with intricate life cycles are... |  | 45 |
| 2221073031 | rhizarians | Morphologically diverse group that include amoebas with threadlike pseudopodia are... |  | 46 |
| 2221078234 | diatoms | Important producers in aquatic communities |  | 47 |
| 2221080682 | B. occurred independently in several different eukaryotic lineages. | The evolution of complex multicellularity in eukaryotes... A. is not documented by the fossil record. B. occurred independently in several different eukaryotic lineages. C. occurred only once, in the animal lineage. D. occurred only once, in the common ancestor of all eukaryotes. E. occurred only once, in the common ancestor of all multicellular eukaryotes. | 48 | |
| 2221087291 | C. secondary endosymbiosis. | Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence of... A. origin of the plastids from archaea. B. fusion of plastids. C. secondary endosymbiosis. D. budding of the plastids from the nuclear envelope. E. evolution from mitochondria. | 49 | |
| 2221092604 | All eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remnants, whereas many eukaryotes do not have plastids | The reason that biologist think that endosymbiosis gave rise to mitochondria before plastids | 50 | |
| 2221097641 | Mitochondria | What feature is found in all protist lineages? | 51 | |
| 2221444221 | archaeal | Origin of DNA replication enzymes | 52 | |
| 2221444222 | archaeal | Origin of transcription enzymes | 53 | |
| 2221445484 | mostly archaeal | Origin of translation enzymes | 54 | |
| 2221446717 | mostly archaeal | Origin of cell division apparatus | 55 | |
| 2221449804 | archaeal and bacterial | Origin of the endoplasmic reticulum | 56 | |
| 2221450592 | bacterial | Origin of the mitochondrion | 57 | |
| 2221450593 | mostly bacterial | Origin of metabolic genes | 58 | |
| 2221460924 | alpha proteobacteria | The type of proteobacterium that gave rise to mitochondria | 59 | |
| 2221471126 | red and green algae | Primary endosymbiosis of cyanobacterium gave rise to... | 60 | |
| 2221473470 | dinoflagellates and stramenopiles | Secondary endosymbiosis of red algae into a heterotrophic eukaryote gave rise to... | 61 | |
| 2221474723 | euglenids and chlorarachniophytes | Secondary endosymbiosis of green algae into a heterotrophic eukaryote gave rise to... | 62 | |
| 2221499283 | Choanoflagellates | The closest living relatives to animals | 63 | |
| 2221533201 | Excavata | Some members of this supergroup have an "excavated" groove on one side of their cell body | | 64 |
| 2221546044 | Stramenopila | Members of this clade are some of the most important photosynthetic organisms on Earth | 65 | |
| 2221554832 | diatoms and brown algae | Stramenopiles include... |  | 66 |
| 2221554833 | dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, and ciliates | Alveolates include... |  | 67 |
| 2221555916 | forams and cercozoans | Rhizarians include... |  | 68 |
| 2221590921 | Archaeplastida | This old supergroup of eukaryotes includes red and green algae, along with land plants | 69 | |
| 2221600635 | Unikonta | This supergroup of eukaryotes includes amoebas that have lobe- or tube-shaped pseudopodia, as well as animals, fungi, and non-amoeba protists that are closely related to them |  | 70 |
| 2221605386 | anaerobic | Most diplomonads and parabsalids are found in _______ environments | 71 | |
| 2221606738 | functional electron transport chains, oxygen | The reduced mitochondria of diplomonads lacks _______ and hence cannot use _______ to help extract energy from carbohydrates and other organic molecules | 72 | |
| 2221615195 | hydrogenosomes, hydrogen gas | The reduced mitochondria of parabsalids are called _________ and release ______ gas as a byproduct | 73 | |
| 2221619198 | predatory heterotrophs, photosynthetic autotrophs, and parasites | Protists called euglenozoans belong to a diverse clade that includes... | 74 | |
| 2221623700 | presence of a rod with either a spiral or crystalline structure inside of their flagella | The main morphological feature that distinguishes euglenozoans is the... |  | 75 |
| 2221692029 | tests | Forams are named for their porous shells, called... |  | 76 |
| 2221697535 | threadlike pseudopodia | Cercozoans are ameboid and flagellated protists that feed with... |  | 77 |
| 2221699401 | predators and parasites | Many cercozoans are... | 78 | |
| 2221717600 | land plants | Archaeplastids gave rise to... | 79 | |
| 2221720842 | red algae | The most abundant large algae in the warm coastal waters of tropical oceans are... | 80 | |
| 2221751874 | A. a red alga that lived 1.2 bya | The oldest fossil eukaryote that can be resolved taxonomically is of... A. a red alga that lived 1.2 bya B. a red alga that lived 635 mya C. a fungus that lived 2 bya D. A fungus that lived 550 mya E. an Edicaran that lived 550 mya | 81 | |
| 2221772911 | E. occured independently in several different eukaryotic lineages | The evolution of complex multicellularity in eukaryotes... A. occured only once, in the common ancestor of all eukaryotes B. occured only once, in the common ancestry of all multicellular eukaryotes C. Occured only once, in the animal lineage D. is not documented by the fossil record E. occured independently in several different eukaryotic lineages | 82 |
