Unit 1 : Exploration & Colonization
Grade 8 American History
Henderson Middle School
Henderson, Texas
Terms : Hide Images
| 494385800 | Catholics | religious group that settled in Maryland | |
| 494385801 | Quakers | religious group that settled in Pennsylvania | |
| 494385802 | Puritans | a group of Anglican church members in England who wanted to "purify" their church of Catholic ways | |
| 494385803 | plantations | another name for large-scale agriculture | |
| 494385804 | Mayflower Compact | In 1620, this document was signed by the forty-four adult men on a ship to the colonies; it was the first agreement for self-government in the American colonies; set up the government for the Plymouth Colony | |
| 494385805 | 1607 | In this year was the founding of Jamestown; the first permanent settlement in the American colonies | |
| 494385806 | Appalachian Mountains | this landform acted as a barrier to westward expansion | |
| 494385807 | Virginia Colony | The location of Jamestown | |
| 494385808 | Pennsylvania Colony | The location of Philadelphia | |
| 494385809 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | The location of Boston | |
| 494385810 | New York Colony | The location of New York City | |
| 494385811 | How were slaves and free-blacks alike in Colonial America? | slaves or free-blacks COULD NOT vote | |
| 494385812 | Pocahontes | The Native-American woman who helped John Smith and the Jamestown colonists survive the first brutal winter | |
| 494385813 | era | period of time | |
| 494385814 | Fur trapping and trade | The economic activity of French colonists | |
| 494385815 | agrarian | another word for farming | |
| 494385816 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | In 1638; first written constitution in the colonies; stated that the people had the right to elect governors, judges, and a legislature; was written by the people | |
| 494385817 | House of Burgesses | created in 1619; first representative assembly - elected by the people - in the American colonies -Virginia; set the precedent for individual rights protected by law - British law did not provide this at the time this document was written. | |
| 494385818 | population density | number of people in a square mile or kilometer | |
| 494385819 | geography | primary cause of economic differences among the colonies in North America | |
| 494385820 | Dutch | The group that originally settled in New York Colony; settled for economic reasons | |
| 494385821 | cash crops | grown for profit in the Southern colonial region - rice, cotton, indigo, tobacco and sugar | |
| 681542907 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technology between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus' voyages | |
| 681542908 | Great Migration | more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times; an example of a push-pull factor | |
| 681542909 | Joint-stock Company | a business in which investors pool their wealth in order to turn a profit; an example is the Virginia Company who sent the colonists to Jamestown | |
| 681542910 | indentured servant | laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to the American colonies | |
| 681542911 | Northwest Passage | a waterway through or around North America | |
| 681542912 | Pilgrims | English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620 | |
| 681542913 | subsistence farming | farming in which only enough food to feed one's family is produced - the type of farming in the New England colonial region | |
| 681542914 | Triangular trade | a three way system of trade during 1600 - 1800s; Africa sent slaves to America. America sent raw materials to Europe. Europe sent guns and rum to Africa. | |
| 726256792 | Events of the Exploration and Colonization Era | establishment of the 13 colonies, representative democracy, mercantilism, religious freedom | |
| 726256793 | Reasons for European Exploration | religion, wealth, fame, national pride, curiosity, and a faster, cheaper trade route to Asia; sometimes referred to as GOD, GOLD, and GLORY | |
| 726256794 | Reasons for European Colonization | religious and political freedom, mercantilism - economic opportunity, social mobility - land, a better way of life | |
| 726256795 | Reasons for the growth of representative government during the colonial period | Distance from England, colonists were used to English traditions and structures - parliamentary system - Parliament, most colonies were self governing due to their isolation from other communities | |
| 726296977 | How did religion and virtue contribute to the growth of representative government in the American colonies? | religious freedom was a cause for colonization and religious groups - Puritans, Pilgrims, Quakers - were the first to create colonies that were self-governed | |
| 726296978 | What was the impact of slavery on the colonial southern region? | slaves viewed as property and source of labor; aided in the development of the plantation system and the agrarian South | |
| 726296979 | Colonies of the New England Colonial Region | Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire | |
| 726296980 | Colonies of the Middle Colonial Region | New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware | |
| 726296981 | Colonies of the Southern Colonial Region | Maryland, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia | |
| 726296982 | Physical Characteristics of the New England Colonial Region | Atlantic Ocean; poor soil; cold climate; forest | |
| 726296983 | Human Characteristics of the New England Colonial Region | economic - raw materials, logging, fishing, shipbuilding, manufacturing political - town meetings, representative government social - small coastal towns (Boston) religious - Puritans, Pilgrims | |
| 726296984 | Physical Characteristics of the Middle Colonial Region | rich soil; broad, deep rivers; more natural ports; river valleys; mild winters; raw materials; Atlantic Ocean | |
| 726296985 | Human Characteristics of the Middle Colonial Region | economic - large farms, colonial "breadbasket", logging, fishing, shipbuilding, cattle political - more tolerance social - small coastal towns - Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York religious - Quakers | |
| 726296986 | Physical Characteristics of the Southern Colonial Region | Appalachian Mountains; navigable rivers; richer soil; warm climate; raw materials; Atlantic Ocean | |
| 726296987 | Human Characteristics of the Southern Colonial Region | economic - plantations; cash crops - cotton, tobacco, sugar, rice, indigo political - more slaves, more class based society social - small coastal towns - Savannah, Charleston religious - Church of England, Catholics | |
| 726314203 | Population density of the New England and Middle Regions | access to waterways - ports and rivers - resulted in a high population density | |
| 726314204 | Population density of the Southern Colonial Region | abundant amount of fertile soil that resulted in an agrarian economy, a plantation system, and a low population density. | |
| 726314205 | What immigrant groups came to the colonies and how did they interact with their environment? | French fur trappers; British farmers; Dutch businesses; Spanish missions; African American slaves | |
| 726314206 | Reasons for the development of the plantation system | large amounts of land; rich soil; almost year round growing season; slave labor | |
| 726314207 | Reasons for the development of the Transatlantic slave trade | started in the West Indies to provide a labor force for the sugar plantations; triangular trade between the colonies, England and the West Indies | |
| 726314208 | Reasons for the spread of slavery | demand for rice, indigo, tobacco, cotton and sugar led to plantation owners needing more slaves and the slave trade increased | |
| 726340502 | Thomas Hooker | founded the colony of Connecticut; influenced the writing of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | |
| 726340503 | Charles de Montesquieu | wrote about separation of powers; expanded on Locke's ideas - judiciary branch; believed that education is an absolute necessity in a republic | |
| 726340504 | John Locke | believed that personal liberty could co-exist with political order; discussed an executive and legislative branch of government; wrote about unalienable rights - life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; heavily influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence | |
| 726340505 | William Penn | founded the colony of Pennsylvania where Quakers could live according to their religious beliefs | |
| 726340506 | Anne Hutchinson | led Bible studies against the orders of church leaders in Massachusetts Bay Colony | |
| 726340507 | Roger Williams | founded the colony of Rhode Island; called for separation of church and state | |
| 726340508 | First Great Awakening | democratized the Protestant faith by proclaiming salvation for all, not just those predestined; encouraged the ideas of equality and the right to challenge authority; contributes to the revolutionary idea of independence from Britain years later | |
| 727638687 | representative government | power is held by the people and exercised through the efforts of representatives elected by those people | |
| 727638688 | exploration | travel for the purpose of discovery | |
| 727638689 | charter | a contract given to someone to establish a colony | |
| 727638690 | push factors | things that push people away from a country or location | |
| 727638691 | pull factors | things that pull or draw people to another country or location | |
| 727638692 | emigrate | to leave a country | |
| 727638693 | immigrate | to go into a country |
