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Literary Devices - AP Literature Flashcards

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6737926671AllusionA reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize.0
6737935256AnaphoraThe repetition of the words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences.1
6737938661DictionThe word choices made by the writer.2
6737944101SyntaxThe manner in which words are arranged in sentences.3
6737948024ConnotationThe implied or associative meaning of a word - the emotion it carries.4
6737953312ImageryThe use of figures of speech to create vivid images that appeal to one of the senses.5
6737960099Figurative languageLanguage, employing one or more figures of speech (simile, metaphor, etc.) Remember, figures of speech are not literal.6
6737965368rhetoricThe art of presenting ideas in a clear, effective, and persuasive manner. It is an art of discourse, which studies and employs various methods to convince, influence or please an audience.7
6737970319Rhetorical DevicesLiterary techniques used to heighten the effectiveness of expression (allusion, rhetorical question, hyperbole, etc).8
6737974085InferenceA conclusion one draws (infers) based on the premises or evidence.9
6737979153punA play on words, often achieved through the use of words with similar sounds but different meanings10
6737988669MetaphorA direct comparison of two different things (without the use of like or as)11
6737992089SimileA comparison of two things using "like, "as," or other specifically comparative words.12
6738000369PersonificationEndowing non-human objects or creatures with human qualities or characteristics13
6738004981IronyThe use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning; or, incongruity between what is expected and what actually occurs14
6738008346ParadoxAn apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth15
6738012494OnomatopoeiaA word formed from an imitation of natural sounds16
6738018005Rhetorical QuestionA question asked for merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer17
6738022288ApostropheA figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction (non-specific, not concrete)18
6738025678EuphemismAn indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant.19
6738029611AbsoluteA word free from limitations or qualifications20
6738034842adageA familiar proverb or wise saying21
6738098383Ad hominem argumentAn argument attacking an individual's character rather than his position on an issue22
6738155371allegoryA literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions.23
6738197469analogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in some way.24
6738200458anecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.25
6738206555antecedentThe word, phrase, or clause which a pronoun refers26
6738209653aphorismAphorism (pronounced AFF-or-ism) is a short statement of a general truth. It's roughly similar to a "saying." Aphorisms often use metaphors or creative imagery to get their general point across.27
6738217065apostropheIn literature, apostrophe is a figure of speech sometimes represented by exclamation "O". A writer or a speaker, using an apostrophe, detaches himself from the reality and addresses an imaginary character in his speech.28
6738223060archetypeIn literature, an archetype is a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature.29
6738226769antagonistOpponent who struggles against or blocks the here, the protagonist, in a story.30
6738230028antimetaboleRepetition of words is successive clauses in reverse grammatical order.31
6738235959appositionPlacing in immediate successive order of two or more elements, the latter of which is an explanation, qualification, or modification of the first (often set off by a colon).32
6738240734assonanceThe repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds, especially in words that are together.33
6738243730asyndetonCommas used without conjunctions to separate series of words, thus emphasizing the parts equally. A stylistic device used in literature and poetry to intentionally eliminate conjunctions between the phrases and in the sentence, yet maintain the grammatical accuracy.34
6738248851CharacterizationCharacterization is the process of conveying information about characters in fictional literature.35
6738256497Indirect characterizationINDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION the author reveals to the reader what the character is like by describing how the character looks and dresses, by letting the reader hear what the character says, by revealing the character's private thoughts and feelings, by revealing the characters effect on other people (showing how other characters feel or behave toward the character), or by showing the character in action. Common in modern literature36
6738262653Direct characterizationThe author tells us directly what the character is like: sneaky, generous, mean to pets and so on. Romantic style literature relied more heavily on this form.37
6738266288Static characterOne who does not change much in the course of a story.38
6738273522Dynamic characterOne who changes in some important way as a result of the story's action.39
6740988924Rogerian ArgumentA negotiating strategy in which common goals are identified and opposing views are described as objectively as possible in an effort to establish common ground and reach an agreement40
6740993549Deductive ArgumentAn argument that attempts to provide a guarantee of truth of the conclusion provided that the argument's premises (assumptions) are true. The premises are intended to provide strong support for the conclusion.41
6740998128Inductive argumentAn argument that is intended by the arguer merely to establish or increase the probability of its conclusion. The premises are intended only to be strong that, if they were true, then it would be unlikely that the conclusion is false.42
6741002299Analogical ArgumentArgument from analogy is a special type of inductive argument, whereby perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has yet to be observed. Analogical reasoning is one of the most common methods by which human beings attempt to understand the world and make decisions.43
6741006045idiomaticUsing containing, or denoting (indicating), expressions that are natural to a native speaker; appropriate to the style of art or music associated with a particular period, individual, or group.44
6741010682Empirical EvidenceKnowledge acquired by means of the senses, particular observation and experimentation. Scientifically-based research that supports a conclusion.45
6741012749Parallel triadThe expression of related thoughts in a group of three, almost always using the same grammatical form.46
6741020028Abstract dictionIt is the language (words or phrases) we use to describe qualities that cannot be perceived with our five senses.47
6741025054Periodic syntax (structure)A particular placement of sentence elements such as the main clause of the sentence and/or its predicate are purposely held off and placed at the end instead of the beginning. In such cases, the crux of the sentence's meaning does not become clear until the reader reaches the last part.48

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