AP World History vocab
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| 165146830 | Mesopotamia | one of the oldest civilizations, the Sumerian-Babylonian civilization arose here around 3500-2350 by first the Sumerians and then the Babylonians from 1900-1600 BCE....Tigris and Euphrates rivers | 0 | |
| 165146831 | Small ruling class of priests and a lugal, a king-like figure, sometimes individual city-states | How was Mesopotamia governed? | 1 | |
| 165146832 | Around 3300 BCE | When did the Sumerians first develop a written language? | 2 | |
| 165146833 | a form of writing where wedge-shaped characters were pressed into clay tablets with a small stick | What was cuneiform, by the Sumerians? | 3 | |
| 165146834 | It was one of the oldest literary works, it tells of the story of a king's quest to achieve immorality, first appeared in Sumeria. | When was the Gilgamesh epic created, and what was it about? And by who? | 4 | |
| 165146835 | Hammurabi's law code | One of the world's first law codes designed, in Mesopotamia in 1792-1750 by Babylonian king...What was the name of this law code? | 5 | |
| 165146836 | retributive, though favored the upper classes, death and mutilation were common | What kind of law code was Hammurabi's law code? | 6 | |
| 165146837 | ziggurats | Pyramid-like temples built by the Mesopotamians to honor their gods and goddesses | 7 | |
| 165146838 | Around 3000 BCE | Around what time did bronze working first emerge in Mesopotamia? | 8 | |
| 165146839 | base-60 number system | Developed by the Sumerians and Babylonians, this system is used today to measure time and navigational calculations | 9 | |
| 165146840 | throughout the Middle East, as well as North Africa and the Indian Ocean | Where did the Mesopotamian trade network extend through? | 10 | |
| 165146841 | 3100 BCE | When did Egypt as a civilization emerge? | 11 | |
| 165146842 | Nile | What river did Egypt depend on? | 12 | |
| 165146843 | 3100-2575 BCE | Period of Egyptian history where the king Menes united the Upper and Lower Egypt, often called the Early Dynastic Period | 13 | |
| 165146844 | 2575-2134 BCE | Period of Egyptian history, basic political and social features took shape | 14 | |
| 165146845 | 2134-2040 BCE | War characterized this period of Egyptian history called the First Intermediate Period. | 15 | |
| 165146846 | 2040-1640 BCE | Period of Egyptian history called the Middle Kingdom, much more powerful and culturally dynamic | 16 | |
| 165146847 | 1640-1532 BCE | Period of Egyptian history referred to as the Second Intermediate History because of invasions by the Hyskos. | 17 | |
| 165146848 | 1532-1070 BCE | Time of rebellion against the Hyskos in Egyptian history called the New Kingdom, conquered a great deal of territory in Northern Africa and the Middle East | 18 | |
| 165146849 | internal disorder and foreign invasions | Why did New Kingdom Egypt collapse? | 19 | |
| 165146850 | Rameses II | Important king that reigned during the New Kingdom that restored much of Egypt and conquered a great deal of territory | 20 | |
| 165146851 | Managed household finances, children education, divorce rights, receive alimony (second husband), own property, some manage businesses, serve as priestesses | Privileges of women in Egypt | 21 | |
| 165146852 | Queen Hatshepsut | Once a pharoah of egypt, a female | 22 | |
| 165146853 | Ra, the sun god | Egypt's chief deity | 23 | |
| 165146854 | Egyptian Book of the Dead | concerned matters of what happened to the soul after death and how to earn a happy afterlife. | 24 | |
| 165146855 | mummification | practice of the Egyptians where they preserved bodies after death | 25 | |
| 165146856 | pyramids | provided resting places for pharoahs after they died besides tombs | 26 | |
| 165146857 | 3100 CE | When did the Egyptians develop writing? | 27 | |
| 165146858 | hieroglyphics | Type of writing that the Egyptians developed, a written script of multiple characters. | 28 | |
| 165146859 | Papyrus | Fibers of reeds that the Egyptians used to invent the craft of papermaking | 29 | |
| 165146860 | 2630 BCE | When did the Egyptians begin to construct pyramids? | 30 | |
| 165146861 | 365 day calendar | What did the Egyptians create that is still used, with only minor modifications, today? | 31 | |
| 165146862 | Centralized politically with a pharoah and a small caste of priests | How was Egypt governed? | 32 | |
| 165146863 | Indus river civilization | Indus valley civilization, on the coast of the Arabian sea, in what is today Pakistan and north western India | 33 | |
| 165146864 | 2600 BCE | when did the indus valley civilization emerge? | 34 | |
| 165146865 | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro | Cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, had populations of about 100,000 each | 35 | |
| 165146866 | unified, highly centralized, urbanized, large, advanced, economically involved | Aspects of the Indus valley civilization | 36 | |
| 165146867 | 1900 BCE | When did the Indus Valley Civilization end? | 37 | |
| 165146868 | Invasion by the Aryans, --> environmental factors (drought, soil erosion) | Early theory of its collapse ---> More accepted theory | 38 | |
| 165146869 | Huang Ho/ Yellow river | River that assisted China in its development as another of the first river valley civilizations | 39 | |
| 165146870 | 1700s BCE, discovered bronze working in 2000 BCE | When did China first emerge as a civilization, measured by dynastic rule (successions of emperors)? | 40 | |
| 165146871 | 1911 CE | When did China as a civilization end? | 41 | |
| 165146872 | Xia around 2000 BCE | Historically unverifiable, first dynasty? | 42 | |
| 165146873 | Shang dynasty | first historically verifiable Chinese dynasty, around 1750 BCE | 43 | |
| 165146874 | 1750-1027 BCE | Shang dynasty begin and end | 44 | |
| 165146875 | Warrior aristocracy | How did the Shang Dynasty rule? | 45 | |
| 165146876 | As far as the Middle East | how far did the trade network of the shang extend? | 46 | |
| 165146877 | Pictograms, from the Shang | Chinese system of writing emerged from which dynasty? | 47 | |
| 165146878 | Fortune telling and Ancestor Worship | What other religious aspects of China emerged from the Shang Dynasty? | 48 | |
| 165146879 | When King Wu rebelled against the Shang and overthrew it in 1027 BCE | How did the Zhou Dynasty form? | 49 | |
| 165146880 | 1027-221 bce | How long did the Zhou dynasty last? | 50 | |
| 165146881 | 480-221 bce | last part of the zhou dynasty, often referred to as the "warring states" period because of the internal collapse and civil war that plagued it | 51 | |
| 165146882 | 600 CE | When did the Chinese learn how to make iron tools and weapons? | 52 | |
| 165146883 | Mandate of Heaven | Principle stating that the as long as a leader governed wisely and fairly, he could claim a divine right to rule. | 53 | |
| 165146884 | Zhou dynasty | During what dynasty did the Mandate of Heaven form? | 54 | |
| 165146885 | Confucianism and Daoism | Other key religious and philosophical traditions that emerged during the years up to 600 CE | 55 | |
| 165146886 | Celts | first ethnic group to establish a widespread presence in Europe, believed to have emerged in central Europe thousands of years ago. After 500 bce, migrate west through europe, in northwestern france, spain, and the british isles. | 56 | |
| 165146887 | 300 CE | When did the celts develop their ogham script? | 57 | |
| 165146888 | druids | What were the celt's priests known as? | 58 | |
| 165146889 | Hittites | Appeared in Mesopotamia in 1700 BCE and dominated through 1200 BCE, made the first systematic use of iron weapons | 59 | |
| 165146890 | Assyrians | formed one of the first empires of the world, from 911-612 BCE, took over the Middle East, including Mesopotamia and Egypt, policy of cruelty, used new skill of cavalry warfare | 60 | |
| 165146891 | Chaldeans or Neo-Babylonians | Controlled the region once held by at he Assyrians from 626-539 BCE | 61 | |
| 165146892 | Nebuchadnezzar | Famous ruler of the Neobabylonians, renowned for building the Hanging Gardens of Babylonians | 62 | |
| 165146893 | Persians | Last to dominate the Middle Eastern region before Alexander the Great, 550-331 BCE, created one of the largest empires in world history. | 63 | |
| 165146894 | Cyrus the Great | first ruler of the persians, conquered present day iran in 550 BCE | 64 | |
| 165146895 | Darius the Great | third ruler of the persians, empire measured more than 2 million square miles by the end of his reign inn 486 BCE | 65 | |
| 165146896 | postal system, elaborate road system, single currency, local rule by satraps | Persian government system/style? | 66 | |
| 165146897 | Zoroastrianism, yes | Official religion of the persians, did they practice religious tolerance for others | 67 | |
| 165146898 | 331 BCE | When the Persians fell to the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great | 68 | |
| 165146899 | Hebrews | notable people of the Middle East, first to practice monotheism | 69 | |
| 165146900 | monotheism | worship of a single god | 70 | |
| 165146901 | Egyptians, Assyrians, Neo Babylonians | people who ruled/enslaved the Hebrews | 71 | |
| 165146902 | Phoenicians | in 1100 BCE, settled on eastern coast of the Meditteranean, in present day Syria and Lebanon, exported timber and shellfish | 72 | |
| 165146903 | developed first phonetic alphabet | Important innovation of the phoenicians? | 73 | |
| 165146904 | Greeks --> Romans-->Latin Script --->Modern Western Languages --> English | Who adopted the pheonician alphabet and how has it spread? | 74 | |
| 165146905 | Lydians | Middle Eastern people of 600-500, said to have invented the concept of metal coinage | 75 | |
| 165146906 | 2000-1150 BCE | Earliest civilization in the Greek world, called the Aegean | 76 | |
| 165146907 | Island of Crete | Minoan Culture | 77 | |
| 165146908 | Greek Mainland | Mycenaean civilization | 78 | |
| 165146909 | Trojan War | What the Mycenaean's are most famous for fighting, arond 1250 BCE | 79 | |
| 165146910 | the Greeks | tribes of nearby islands, called Hellenes | 80 | |
| 165146911 | Greek Dark Ages | the years of gradual cultural union from 1150-800 BCE for the Greeks where a common language and religion emerged but little political and social aspects developed | 81 | |
| 165146912 | archaic period | period of greek history where more advancement went on, formed dozens of independent city states | 82 | |
| 165146913 | city state | urban centers that controlled the immediate regions surrounding them | 83 | |
| 165146914 | Corinth, Thebes, Sparta, Athens | Name important city states | 84 | |
| 165146915 | Sparta | a rigid, slave holding dictatorship that created the Greek world's most effective and feared army | 85 | |
| 165146916 | Athens | culturally and politically advanced city that gained wealth through trade and power, strengthened navally. , most representative democracy | 86 | |
| 165146917 | an oligarchy | rule of a narrow elite of rich powerful families, common government of the Greek city states | 87 | |
| 165146918 | Pericles | Began democratic government in Athens in 508 BCE | 88 | |
| 165146919 | Peloponnesian War | 431-404 BCE, period of conflict between Athens and Sparta, Sparta won though Greek city states suffered and were immensely weakened, opening it to Persian influence and conquest by Macedonia inn 338 BCE | 89 | |
| 165146920 | Alexander the Great | Greek-Macedonian military general, launched oneo of the most successful military campaigns of the time, where he crossed into Asia and conquered territory all the way to Asia, preserving Greek culture and spreading it throughout Eurasia and northern Africa | 90 | |
| 165146921 | Alexandria | City formed under Egypt by Alexander the Great, became a great center of trade, learning andn culture with its Great Library. | 91 | |
| 165146922 | Socrates, Plato, Aristotle | important Greek philosophersof the time between 470-322 BCE | 92 | |
| 165146923 | sciences, architecture, sculpture, politics | parts of greek culture that influence the west and east world for centuries and today | 93 | |
| 165146924 | Romans | their capital city on the italian peninsula | 94 | |
| 165146925 | 753 BCE | When was the city of Rome founded? | 95 | |
| 165146926 | A monarchy, until 509 BCE - by the Etruscans | How was Rome governed? | 96 | |
| 165146927 | 509 -31 BCE | Roman Republic end and beginning | 97 | |
| 165146928 | plebeian | lower classes of rome | 98 | |
| 165146929 | patrician | upper classes of rome | 99 | |
| 165146930 | Punic Wars | series of bitter campaigns of Rome against their rival of Carthage | 100 | |
| 165146931 | Carthage | a Phoenician colony in the North African coast, a powerful city | 101 | |
| 165146932 | 91-30 BCE | series of civil wars that led to the collapse of the roman republic, led in part of the faltering of the republican government | 102 | |
| 165146933 | Julius Caesar | assumed dictatorial powers during Rome's second civil war, 49-45 BCE, assassinated in 44 BCE | 103 | |
| 165146934 | Roman Empire | a new regime of rome from 31 BCE TO 476 CE | 104 | |
| 165146935 | Caesar Augustus | first emperor of the Roman Empire, restored order, wealth, and enjoyed long reign as a respected ruler | 105 | |
| 165146936 | 200s | Time of decline for the Roman Empire where its eastern half began to break away | 106 | |
| 165146937 | 31 BCE - 200S CE | time of prosperity and power, known as the pax romana | 107 | |
| 165146938 | 400s CE | empire lay open to barbarian invaders | 108 | |
| 165146939 | 410, 476 CE | wave of gothic invaders, fall of rome | 109 | |
| 165146940 | paterfamilias | male family head in roman society that had absolute power over his wife and children | 110 | |
| 165146941 | Twelve Tables | concept of innocent until proven guilty, codified in Roman Law's _________ | 111 | |
| 165146942 | 313, 380 CE | When the Romans legalized Christianity and then made it their official faith | 112 | |
| 165146943 | Qin Dynasty | 221-206 BCE | 113 | |
| 165146944 | Han Dynasty | 206 BCE - 220 CE | 114 | |
| 165146945 | Sui | 589-618 CE | 115 | |
| 165146946 | Shi Huangdi | ruler of the Qin dynasty, who turned the Qin state into a dictatorial centralized nation, standardized weights and measures, modernized the army, built the Great Wall of China, introduced legalism | 116 | |
| 165146947 | Wu Ti | Emperor of the Han Dynasty | 117 | |
| 165146948 | tribituary system | the exaction of payment from neighboring states inn China | 118 | |
| 165146949 | silk production | China had a monopoly on this | 119 | |
| 165146950 | 200 CE | time of decline for China | 120 | |
| 165146951 | outside invaders, economic slump, governmental corruption, weak leaderships, nomadic incursions, border control | What led to the Han collapse? | 121 | |
| 165146952 | Indo-European People | Central Asia may be the birthplace of the ____________ linguistic and cultural group. | 122 | |
| 165146953 | Aryans, Persians, Scythians, Tartars, Seljuks, Ottomans, Huns, Magyars, Mongols | Indo-European people who played a role in world history | 123 | |
| 165146954 | 300-200 BCE | time of Japanese civilization | 124 | |
| 165146955 | 300-400s CE | time of Japanese imperialist state | 125 | |
| 165146956 | Yamato family | first imperial state of Japan | 126 | |
| 165146957 | Shinto | important religion, legitimized the Japanese emperors, declaring themselves the descendants of the sun goddess. | 127 | |
| 165146958 | nara | japan's capital in the 700s | 128 | |
| 165146959 | Aryans | earliest Indo-Europeans, originally from Persia and Central Asia | 129 | |
| 165146960 | Dravidian | darker skinned native of India | 130 | |
| 165146961 | warrior aristocracy | What kind of government did the Aryans establish in India after enslaving the Indians? | 131 | |
| 165146962 | Sanskrit | a religious, literary, and intellectual purposeful elite language | 132 | |
| 165146963 | caste system | form of social hierarchy in India that divided society into specific social classes permanently, offering no social mobility | 133 | |
| 165146964 | 324-184 BCE | Period of the Mauryan Empire | 134 | |
| 165146965 | Ashoka | best known of the Mauryan empire, originally a warrior who was sickened by the war, then converting to Buddhism, advocating peace and tolerance, created harmony between Buddhists, Hindus, and followers of Indian religions | 135 | |
| 165146966 | 320-550 CE | Period of the Gupta Empire | 136 | |
| 165146967 | smaller, less centralized, culturally and economically it still thrived, practiced religious toleration, traded with China, Southeast Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, | about the Gupta Empire | 137 | |
| 165146968 | pi, zero, decimal system used today | Creations of the Gupta scholars | 138 | |
| 165146969 | Constantinople | eastern half of the Roman Empire after its split, city of that empire better known by this name | 139 | |
| 165146970 | Justinian | Emperor who reigned during the 500s CE in Constantinople | 140 | |
| 165146971 | Corpus Jurus Civilis | a codification of all existing Roman laws by Justinian | 141 | |
| 165146972 | Middle Ages | period of 500-1500 CE of Western Europe after the Roman Empire's western half collapse, characterized by economic decay, political corruption, and nomadic incursions | 142 | |
| 165146973 | great age of migrations | great migrations by Germanic and Asiatic nomadic people in Europe who shaped its ethnic and cultural makeup greatly | 143 | |
| 165146974 | Bantu | emerged in the Niger, and between 1500-100 BCE began to migrate throughout the continent. | 144 | |
| 165146975 | brought ironworking, shaped its ethnic, and linguistic character, and changed it to an agricultural from hunter-gatherers | What change did the Bantu bring? | 145 | |
| 165146976 | Nubia | important link from subSaharan Africa to the Mediterranean coast, important because of its iron ore, 3000-1750 BCE | 146 | |
| 165146977 | Meroe | DURING 300 bce, this was where nubia kingdom was centered, could support agriculture and livestock grazing, collapsed because of topsoil erosion and changing trade patterns | 147 | |
| 165146978 | Olmecs | Central American civilization from 1200-400 BCE STONE HEADS | 148 | |
| 165146979 | Teotihuac(a)n | founded 150-100 BCE in Central American, population greater than 200,000 people, eneded around 750 CE | 149 | |
| 165146980 | Maya | Central American people flourishing around 250-900 CE | 150 | |
| 165146981 | Carak | First city of Americas, probably founded around the Supe River, in central peru, around 2600 BCE, metallurgy originated here | 151 | |
| 165146982 | llama | important domesticated animal of the Southern America | 152 | |
| 165146983 | Chavin | 820-250 BCE, important Andean civilization | 153 | |
| 165146984 | nomadic herders and innumerable tribes | South American plains and rain forests gave rise to what types of societies? | 154 | |
| 165146985 | Adena | 500 BCE-100 CE, tribe of Northern America | 155 | |
| 165146986 | Hopewell | 100 -400 CE, tribe of North America | 156 | |
| 165146987 | Mississippian | 700-1500 CE, tribe of North America | 157 | |
| 165146988 | Ohio and Missippian River Valleys | Where did North American cultures spread out along? | 158 | |
| 165146989 | Earth Mounds | North American culture's most famous legacy, built for ceremonial and religious purposes | 159 | |
| 165146990 | Anasazi | somewhere around the first millenium CE, a civilization in North America's desert Southwest, characterized by its elaborate cliff dwellings | 160 | |
| 165146991 | cliff dwellings | areas created by the Anasazi, made of clay and rock, perched hundreds of feet above the floors of the canyons and desert below.` | 161 |
