Chapter 1 - Three Worlds Meet/ Beginnings to 1506
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| 1607107605 | Conquistadors | Spanish explorers looking for Gold and Silver | 0 | |
| 1607107606 | headright system | gave anyone who paid for their own or anothers' passage to Virginia received 50 acres | 1 | |
| 1607107607 | Hernando Cortes | claimed Aztec lands for Spain in 1519, Aztecs thought he was a God | 2 | |
| 1607107608 | indentured servants | colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years | 3 | |
| 1607107609 | Jamestown | Virginia company, first English settlement 1607 | 4 | |
| 1607107610 | John Smith | settled english colony at Jamestown in 1606 | 5 | |
| 1607107611 | John Winthrop | New England's first governor, who believed that America would be a shelter from religious persecution | 6 | |
| 1607107612 | Joint Stock Companies | allowed investors to pool their wealth to support a colony for profit | 7 | |
| 1607107613 | Juan Ponce de Leon | Spanish explorer who explored Florida in the early 1500s | 8 | |
| 1607107614 | Mestizo | Marriages between Spanish men and Native Women created Mestizo children | 9 | |
| 1607107615 | Nathaniel Bacon | a planter who led a rebellion with one thousand other Virginians in 1676; the rebels were mostly frontiersmen forced toward the backcountry in search of fertile land | 10 | |
| 1607107616 | New Mexico | Spain's northern holdings | 11 | |
| 1607107617 | New Spain | Cortez colony built on conquered lands | 12 | |
| 1607107618 | Plymouth | founded by separatist families and was the second permanent english colony colony | 13 | |
| 1607107619 | Pope | Native American religious leader, punished for his worship practices, led an uprising | 14 | |
| 1607107620 | Powhatan | tribe that lived near Jamestown that originally helped colonists | 15 | |
| 1607107621 | Puritans | church members who wanted to reform or purify the church of england | 16 | |
| 1607107622 | royal colony | a colony under direct control of the king | 17 | |
| 1607107623 | Separatists | fled from england to escape religous persecution | 18 | |
| 1607107624 | Anasazi | settled on mesa tops, cliff sides, and canyon bottoms of the four corner region | 19 | |
| 1607107625 | Aztec | Valley of Mexico 1200's A.D. | 20 | |
| 1607107626 | Christopher Columbus | from Genoa sailed for Spain, to find route to Asia, but found America instead 1492 | 21 | |
| 1607107627 | Colombian Exchange | Global Transfer of living things from eastern to Western Hemisphere, including disease | 22 | |
| 1607107628 | Colonization | establishment of distant settlements, controlled by parent Country in Europe | 23 | |
| 1607107629 | crusades | series of military expeditions to the middle east from 1096 to 1270, to spread christianity | 24 | |
| 1607107630 | division of labor | tasks assigned, according to gender age and status | 25 | |
| 1607107631 | Inca | western coast of South America 1200 A.D. | 26 | |
| 1607107632 | Iroquois | lived in eastern woodlands, blended agriculture with hunting and gathering | 27 | |
| 1607107633 | kinship | strong ties among family members for continuation of tribal customs | 28 | |
| 1607107634 | lineage | line of common descent | 29 | |
| 1607107635 | Maya | built a dynamic culture in Guatemala and the Yukotan peninsula between 250 and 900 A.D. | 30 | |
| 1607107636 | nomadic | moving from place to place in search of food and water | 31 | |
| 1607107637 | Nuclear Family | household made up of mother father and 2 children | 32 | |
| 1607107638 | Olmec | rain forests in the gulf of mexico 1200 B.C. | 33 | |
| 1607107639 | plantation | large farm, single crop, labor intensive home farm | 34 | |
| 1607107640 | Prince Henry | sent Portuguese ships to explore West Africa | 35 | |
| 1607107641 | Pueblo | related to Hopi, left cliff houses to build settlements near waterways for irrigation | 36 | |
| 1607107642 | Reformation | result of disagreements over church authority and outrage over corrupt clergy | 37 | |
| 1607107643 | Renaissance | rebirth interest in the physical world, similar to ancient roman Greece | 38 | |
| 1607107644 | Savanna | region of dried grass land | 39 | |
| 1607107645 | social hierarchy | organized according to rank | 40 | |
| 1607107646 | Taino | first Americans Columbus Saw on San Salvador | 41 | |
| 1607107647 | Anasazi | Native American culture which thrived in the Southwest from 200 to 1200 C.E.;known for cliff dwellings and maize growing. | 42 | |
| 1607107648 | Aztec | native american people that settled in the Valley of Mexico in the 1200s a.d. and later developed a sophisticated civilization. | 43 | |
| 1607107649 | Benin | an African tribe in the southern forest region of the Niger Delta; rulers called oba ("descents of Ife"), known as a major trade center | 44 | |
| 1607107650 | Benjamin Franklin | American writer, publisher, scientist, inventor, and diplomat known for embracing the idea that one could obtain truth through experimentation and reason | 45 | |
| 1607107651 | Christianity | a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus; the leader of the church, the pope, and his bishops held political and spiritual authority | 46 | |
| 1607107652 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to Asia (1451-1506) | 47 | |
| 1607107653 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 48 | |
| 1607107654 | encomieda | Land granted to Spanish settlers that included the right to demand labor or taxes from Native Americans | 49 | |
| 1607107655 | Enlightenment | The intellectual revolution of the eighteenth century in which the philosophers stressed reason, natural law, and progress in their criticism of prevailing social injustices. | 50 | |
| 1607107656 | French and Indian War | war fought between France and England in the 1750s Great Awakening: Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. | 51 | |
| 1607107657 | Hernando Cortez | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | 52 | |
| 1607107658 | indentured servants | colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years | 53 | |
| 1607107659 | Iroquois | a group of native american peoples inhabiting the woodlands of the northeast; they hunted fish and game | 54 | |
| 1607107660 | Islam | the monotheistic religion of Muslims founded in Arabia in the 7th century and based on the teachings of Muhammad as laid down in the Koran | 55 | |
| 1607107661 | Jamestown | first permanent English settlement in North America | 56 | |
| 1607107662 | John Smith | English explorer and adventurer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia | 57 | |
| 1607107663 | John Winthrop | As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world. | 58 | |
| 1607107664 | joint-stock companies | an economic arrangement by which a number of investors pool their capital for investment in a colony which they hoped would make a profit. | 59 | |
| 1607107665 | Jonathan Edwards | American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758) | 60 | |
| 1607107666 | Kongo | African kingdom, based on agriculture, formed on lower Congo River by late 15th century; ruled by a hereditary monarchy (called the manikongo). | 61 | |
| 1607107667 | mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | 62 | |
| 1607107668 | mestizo | a person of mixed spanish and native american ancestry | 63 | |
| 1607107669 | middle passage | the journey of slaves, characterized by extreme cruelty, from Africa to the Americas, so called because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route | 64 | |
| 1607107670 | Montezuma | Aztec chieftan; encountered Cortes and the Spanish and saw that they rode horses; Montezuma assumed that the Spanish were gods. He welcomed them hospitably, but the explorers soon turned on the natives and ruled them for three centuries. | 65 | |
| 1607107671 | Navigation Acts | English-implemented laws stating that 1.Trade to and from the colonies could only be carried by English or colonial crews on English or colonial ships. 2.All goods imported into the colonies, except for some perishables, could pass only through ports in England. 3.Specific (or "enumerated") goods from the colonies could only be exported to England. | 66 | |
| 1607107672 | New Spain | After the defeat of the Aztecs, the land was a Spanish colony in North America including Mexico, Central America, the southwest United States, and many of the Carribean islands from the 1500s to the 1800s | 67 | |
| 1607107673 | nomadic | wandering, moving about from place to place in search of food and water. | 68 | |
| 1607107674 | Pontiac | famous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British at the end of the French and Indian War; Native tribes captured eight British forts, but the tribes contracted smallpox through "gifts" from British officers, weakened and surrendered. | 69 | |
| 1607107675 | Proclamation of 1763 | A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. | 70 | |
| 1607107676 | Pueblo | descendants of the Anasazi and Hohokam, this tribe lived in multistory stone and adobe houses and grew maize, beans, squash, and melons. | 71 | |
| 1607107677 | Puritans | Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. | 72 | |
| 1607107678 | Quakers | a Protestant sect that believes in equality, tolerance ,and cooperation. Holds religious services without a minister, live a simple lifestyle, and believe in treating all people equally. They refuse to defer to a person of rank, fight in wars, or serve in the military. | 73 | |
| 1607107679 | Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 74 | |
| 1607107680 | Renaissance | The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history | 75 | |
| 1607107681 | Taino | a Native American people of the Caribbean islands - the first group encountered by Columbus and his men when they reached the Americas | 76 | |
| 1607107682 | Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. | 77 | |
| 1607107683 | triangular trade | A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Aferica sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent Guns and Rum to Africa | 78 | |
| 1607107684 | William Penn | Penn, an English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance. | 79 | |
| 1607107685 | William Pitt | British political organizer of the winning strategy against the French in the North America during the French and Indian War. | 80 | |
| 1607107686 | Anne Hutchinson | banished for beliefs that the bible can be self-interpreted | 81 | |
| 1607107687 | Articles of Confederation | laws that combine the fundamental powers of two levels of government | 82 | |
| 1607107688 | Battle New York | american loss because vastly outnumbered | 83 | |
| 1607107689 | Battle Philadelphia | american loss to british | 84 | |
| 1607107690 | Battle Saratoga | american win because british surrender | 85 | |
| 1607107691 | BattleTrenton | american win | 86 | |
| 1607107692 | Benjamin Franklin | embraced the notion of obtaining truth through experimentation and reasoning | 87 | |
| 1607107693 | Boston Massacre | started as a fight over jobs; a british attack on defenseless citizens, 5 dead | 88 | |
| 1607107694 | Boston Tea Party | 18,000 pounds of tea dumped into boston harbor | 89 | |
| 1607107695 | Cash Crop | crop grown primarily for sale rather than for the farmer's own use | 90 | |
| 1607107696 | Confederation | alliance | 91 | |
| 1607107697 | Division of Labor | based off of work by locke; life, liberty, pursuit of happiness & natural rights | 92 | |
| 1607107698 | Dominion of New England | colony that included land from southern maine to new jersey | 93 | |
| 1607107699 | Egalitarianism | a belief in the equality of all people | 94 | |
| 1607107700 | Enlightenment | reason and scientific method | 95 | |
| 1607107701 | Freidrich von Steuben | drillmaster that taught the soldiers proper form | 96 | |
| 1607107702 | French and Indian War | fourth war between great britain and france for control George Washington: an american general | 97 | |
| 1607107703 | Great Awakening | religious revival | 98 | |
| 1607107704 | Headright System | anyone who paid for their own or another's passage to Virginia received 50 acres | 99 | |
| 1607107705 | Intolerable Acts | shut down Boston harbor and housed soldiers (quartering act) | 100 | |
| 1607107706 | Jamestown | in Virginia, founded by john smith | 101 | |
| 1607107707 | John Winthrop | Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envisioned colony as a "city upon a hill" | 102 | |
| 1607107708 | joint-stock companies | businesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an economic investment, pool their capital for investment in a colony, and share in the profits and losses. | 103 | |
| 1607107709 | Jonathan Edwards | said to go to church and acknowledge sins | 104 | |
| 1607107710 | King Philip's War | wampanoags vs puritans. puritans win | 105 | |
| 1607107711 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | established a plan for surveying the land | 106 | |
| 1607107712 | Loyalists | loyal to britain | 107 | |
| 1607107713 | Marquis de Lafayette | french aristocrat that lobbied for french reinforcements Martial Law: rule imposed by military forces | 108 | |
| 1607107714 | Massachusetts bay colony | founded by Winthrop in 1630 | 109 | |
| 1607107715 | Mercantilism | says that a country's goal is self-sufficiency and that all countries were in a competition to acquire the most gold and silver | 110 | |
| 1607107716 | Middle Passage | middle leg of transatlantic trade triangle | 111 | |
| 1607107717 | Nathaniel Bacon/yum | Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the governor of the Virginia Colony | 112 | |
| 1607107718 | Navigation acts | a series of laws restricting colonial trade | 113 | |
| 1607107719 | New Netherland | founded by dutch, later named new york | 114 | |
| 1607107720 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | congress provided a procedure for dividing the land into territories and also set requirements for the admission of new states- 1) congress would appoint a territorial governor and judges 2) when a territory had 5,000 voting residents, the settlers could write a temporary constitution and elect their own government 3) when the total population of a territory reached 60,000 free inhabitants, the settlers could write a state constitution, which had to be approved by Congress before it granted statehood | 115 | |
| 1607107721 | Olive Branch | petition urged a return to "the former harmony" between Britain and the colonies | 116 | |
| 1607107722 | Parliament | Britain's legislative body- like congress & senate | 117 | |
| 1607107723 | Pequot War | dispute between colonists/Narragansett and the pequots. ended in May 1637 when colonists set a pequot fort on fire and shot a bunch of the Pequot people. | 118 | |
| 1607107724 | Plymouth Colony | founded by the pilgrims. second permanent english colony in north america | 119 | |
| 1607107725 | Powhatan | The tribe that helped the Jamestown colony. They taught them how to plant crops and how to survive. | 120 | |
| 1607107726 | Proclamation of 1763 | British government banned all settlement West of the Applalachians to avoid further conflicts with native americans | 121 | |
| 1607107727 | Profiteering | selling scarce goods for a profit | 122 | |
| 1607107728 | Proprietor | owner of a colony | 123 | |
| 1607107729 | Quakers | believed that god's inner light burned inside everyone | 124 | |
| 1607107730 | Republic | government where citizens rule through their elected representatives | 125 | |
| 1607107731 | Republicanism | idea suggesting that governments should be based on the consent of the people | 126 | |
| 1607107732 | Roger Williams | separatist, thought that english settlers had no rightful claim to the land unless they purchased it from native americans. He also every person should be free to worship according to his or her conscience. he fled before he was banished. | 127 | |
| 1607107733 | Royal Colony | under direct control of the king | 128 | |
| 1607107734 | Salutary Neglect | England relaxed its enforcement of most regulations in return for the continued economic loyalty of the colonies | 129 | |
| 1607107735 | Sam Adams | started sons of liberty | 130 | |
| 1607107736 | Separatists | People who wanted to have a separate, or different church. Also known as Pilgrims. | 131 | |
| 1607107737 | Slaves | people who were considered the property of others | 132 | |
| 1607107738 | Stamp Act | required colonists to purchase special stamped paper for every legal document, license, newspaper, pamphlet, and almanac, and imposed special "stamp duties" on packages of playing cards and dice | 133 | |
| 1607107739 | Stono Rebellion | slave rebellion in Charlestown | 134 | |
| 1607107740 | Sugar Act | 1) halved the duty of foreign-made molasses 2) placed duties on certain imports 3) strengthened enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court rather than in a more sympathetic colonial court | 135 | |
| 1607107741 | Thomas Jefferson | key contributor to the DOI | 136 | |
| 1607107742 | Townshend Acts | indirect taxes or duties levied on imported materials as they came into the colonies from Britain | 137 | |
| 1607107743 | Treaty of Paris | Confirmed US independence and set boundaries of the new nation | 138 | |
| 1607107744 | Triangular Trade | rum from New England to Africa, merchandise for slaves in Africa, slaves for sugar and molasses in West Indies, rum in New England | 139 | |
| 1607107745 | William Penn | founded Pennsylvania | 140 | |
| 1607107746 | William Pitt | british leader selected by King George II | 141 | |
| 1607107747 | Yorktown | american win because of lafayette; cornwallis surrenders | 142 |
