Terms : Hide Images
| 16512547844 | Urea | the major waste product of protein metabolism | 0 | |
| 16512547845 | Creatinine | waste product of muscle metabolism | 1 | |
| 16512547846 | Kidneys | constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water | 2 | |
| 16512547847 | 2 quarts | the kidneys filter around 200 quarts of blood to produce ______ of urine | 3 | |
| 16512547848 | Renal | pertaining to the kidney | 4 | |
| 16512547849 | Kidneys | Located in the retroperitoneal space | 5 | |
| 16512547850 | renal cortex | outer region of the kidney | 6 | |
| 16512547851 | cortex | outer region of an organ | 7 | |
| 16512547852 | Medulla | inner region of the kidney | 8 | |
| 16512547853 | Nephrons | microscopic functional units of each kidney | 9 | |
| 16512547854 | reabsorption | Return to the blood of some of the substances that were removed during filtration | 10 | |
| 16512547855 | glomerulus | cluster of capillaries | 11 | |
| 16512547856 | renal artery | Where blood enters the kidney and flows into the nephrons | 12 | |
| 16512547857 | renal vein | Where filtered blood leaves the kidney and returns to the bloodstream | 13 | |
| 16512547858 | renal pelvis | Where newly formed urine from the nephrons collects before it flows into the ureters | 14 | |
| 16512547859 | Ureters | two narrow tubes which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder | 15 | |
| 16512547860 | Peristalsis | Series of wave-like contractions | 16 | |
| 16512547861 | urinary bladder | Reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body | 17 | |
| 16512547862 | 1 pint | The average adult body stores more than ___ of urine | 18 | |
| 16512547863 | rugae | Folds in the bladder that allow it to expand when full and contract when empty | 19 | |
| 16512547864 | Urethra | tube extending from the bladder to the exterior of the body | 20 | |
| 16512547865 | urethral meatus | external opening of the urethra | 21 | |
| 16512547866 | Meatus | External opening of a canal | 22 | |
| 16512547867 | female urethra | located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina and transports only urine | 23 | |
| 16512547868 | male urethra | Located at the tip of the penis and transports urine and semen | 24 | |
| 16512547869 | Urologist | Physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and diseases of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males | 25 | |
| 16512547870 | azotemia | elevation of the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) caused by a lack of blood flow to each kidney | 26 | |
| 16513468234 | uremia | a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste is retained in the blood | 27 | |
| 16513468235 | -emia | Blood condition | 28 | |
| 16513468236 | acute renal failure (ARF) | sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood to filter and is characterized by uremia. | 29 | |
| 16513468237 | Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function | 30 | |
| 16513468238 | end-stage renal disease (ESRD) | The final stage of chronic kidney disease that is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are successfully replaced by dialysis or with a successful kidney transplant. | 31 | |
| 16513468239 | nephrotic syndrome | group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine | 32 | |
| 16513468240 | edema | excessive accumulation of fluid in cells and tissues | 33 | |
| 16513468241 | hyperproteinuria | presence of abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine | 34 | |
| 16513468242 | hypoproteinemia | the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood | 35 | |
| 16513468243 | Minimal change disease | nephrons look normal under a regular microscope, is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. | 36 | |
| 16513468244 | hydronephrosis | the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys | 37 | |
| 16513468245 | nephritis | inflammation of the kidney | 38 | |
| 16513468246 | glomerulonephritis | a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine | 39 | |
| 16513468247 | nephroptosis (floating kidney) | The prolapse, or dropping down, of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands. | 40 | |
| 16513468248 | nephropyosis (pyonephrosis) | suppuration of the kidney | 41 | |
| 16513468249 | suppuration | the formation or discharge of pus | 42 | |
| 16513468250 | polycystic kidney disease (PKD) | inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys | 43 | |
| 16513468251 | renal colic | an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passing of a kidney stone | 44 | |
| 16513468252 | Wilms tumor | a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children | 45 | |
| 16513468253 | stone (calculus) | abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body and is named for the organ or tissue where it is located | 46 | |
| 16513468254 | nephrolithiasis | presence of stones in the kidney | 47 | |
| 16513468255 | Nephrolith (kidney stone) | Stone found in the kidney | 48 | |
| 16513468256 | Ureterolith | a stone located anywhere along the ureter | 49 | |
| 16513468257 | Cystolith | a stone located within the urinary bladder | 50 | |
| 16513468258 | hydroureter | the distention (swelling) of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked | 51 | |
| 16513468259 | ureterectasis | the distention (swelling) of a ureter due to hydroureter or congenital abnormalities | 52 | |
| 16513468260 | ureterorrhagia | the discharge of blood from the ureter | 53 | |
| 16513468261 | cystalgia | pain in the bladder | 54 | |
| 16513468262 | cystocele | a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall | 55 | |
| 16513468263 | interstitial cystitis | a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder | 56 | |
| 16513468264 | vesicoureteral reflux | backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureters | 57 | |
| 16513468265 | vesic/o | Bladder | 58 | |
| 16513468266 | vesicovaginal fistula | abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina | 59 | |
| 16513468267 | neurogenic bladder | a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination | 60 | |
| 16513468268 | neuropathy | any disease or damage of the nerves | 61 | |
| 16513468269 | benign prostatic hyperplasia (enlarged prostate) | enlargement of the prostate gland | 62 | |
| 16513468270 | Hyperplasia | increase in cell number typically associated with tumor growth | 63 | |
| 16513468271 | prostatism | a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia | 64 | |
| 16513468272 | prostatitis | Group of disorders characterized by the inflammation of the prostate gland | 65 | |
| 16513468273 | urethrorrhagia | bleeding from the urethra | 66 | |
| 16513468274 | urethrorrhea | abnormal discharge from the urethra; associated with STDs | 67 | |
| 16513468275 | urethrostenosis | narrowing of the urethra; occurs almost exclusively in men and is caused by scarring from infection or injury | 68 | |
| 16513468276 | epispadias | a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening where in the male, the urethral opening is located on the upper surface of the penis, and in the female the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris | 69 | |
| 16513468277 | hypospadias | congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip and the female urethra opens into the vagina | 70 | |
| 16513468278 | cystitis | inflammation of the bladder | 71 | |
| 16513468279 | pyelonephritis | inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney | 72 | |
| 16513468280 | urethritis | inflammation of the urethra | 73 | |
| 16513468281 | anuria | absence of urine formation by the kidneys | 74 | |
| 16513468282 | diuresis | increased output of urine | 75 | |
| 16513468283 | dysuria | difficult or painful urination | 76 | |
| 16513468284 | enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine | 77 | |
| 16513468285 | nocturnal enuresis | urinary incontinence during sleep | 78 | |
| 16513468286 | nocturia | excessive urination at night | 79 | |
| 16513468287 | oliguria | scanty production of urine | 80 | |
| 16513468288 | polyuria | excessive urination | 81 | |
| 16513468289 | urinary hesitancy | difficulty in starting a urinary stream | 82 | |
| 16513468290 | urinary retention | inability to empty the bladder | 83 | |
| 16513468291 | incontinence | Inability to control the excretion of urine, fever, or both | 84 | |
| 16513468292 | urinary incontinence | the inability to control the voiding of urine | 85 | |
| 16513468293 | overflow incontinence | continuous leaking from the bladder either because it is full or because it does not empty completely | 86 | |
| 16513468294 | stress incontinence | the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing | 87 | |
| 16513468295 | overactive bladder (OAB) | aka urge incontinence, occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not actually full enough to indicate the need to urinate | 88 | |
| 16513468296 | urinalysis | the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements | 89 | |
| 16513468297 | bladder ultrasound | the use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to measure the amount of urine remaining in the bladder after urination | 90 | |
| 16513468298 | 300-400 mL | A normal bladder holds between ___ of urine | 91 | |
| 16513468299 | urinary catheterization | insertion of a tube into the bladder to procure a sterile specimen for diagnostic purposes; drain urine from bladder when the patient is unable to urinate for other reasons | 92 | |
| 16513468300 | cystoscopy | visual examination of the urinary bladder | 93 | |
| 16513468301 | voiding cystourethrography | a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra | 94 | |
| 16513468302 | Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) | blood test to check how well the kidneys are functioning at filtering blood | 95 | |
| 16513468303 | cystography | a radiographic examination of the bladder after instillation of a contrast medium via a urethral catheter | 96 | |
| 16513468304 | intravenous pyelography | a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters | 97 | |
| 16513468305 | intravenous pyelogram | a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters used to diagnose changes in the urinary tract | 98 | |
| 16513468306 | KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) | a radiographic study without the use of a contrast medium, used to detect bowel obstructions and nephroliths | 99 | |
| 16513468307 | retrograde urography | a radiograph of the urinary system taken after dye has been placed in the urethra through a sterile catheter and caused to flow upward (backward) through the urinary tract | 100 | |
| 16513468308 | retrograde | moving backward | 101 | |
| 16513468309 | digital rectal examination | finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland | 102 | |
| 16513468310 | Digital (as in digital rectal examination) | Using a finger | 103 | |
| 16513468311 | prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test | used to screen for prostate cancer; measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen that is present in a blood specimen | 104 | |
| 16513468312 | Diuretics | medications administered to increase urine secretion in order to rid the body of excess water and salt | 105 | |
| 16513468313 | Sodium, potassium, protein, and phosphorous | Dietary considerations for people with kidney disease | 106 | |
| 16513468314 | dialysis | a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function | 107 | |
| 16513468315 | Dia- | through or complete | 108 | |
| 16513468316 | hemodialysis | the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood; most common type of dialysis | 109 | |
| 16513468317 | shunt | artificial passage that allows the blood to flow between the body and the hemodialysis unit | 110 | |
| 16513468318 | dialysate | Solution that contains water and electrolytes that passes through the artificial kidney to remove excess fluids and wastes from the blood | 111 | |
| 16513468319 | Electrolytes | the salts that conduct electricity and are found in the body fluid, tissue, and blood | 112 | |
| 16513468320 | peritoneal dialysis | the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood; can be done at home; less effective than hemodialysis | 113 | |
| 16513468321 | continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) | provides ongoing dialysis as the patient goes about his or her daily activities | 114 | |
| 16513468322 | continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) | uses a machine to cycle the dialysate solution during the night while the patient sleeps | 115 | |
| 16513468323 | nephrolysis | the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions | 116 | |
| 16513468324 | nephropexy | surgical fixation of a floating kidney | 117 | |
| 16513468325 | nephrostomy | the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body | 118 | |
| 16513468326 | pyelotomy | a surgical incision into the renal pelvis | 119 | |
| 16513468327 | renal transplantation | the grafting of a donor kidney, from either a living or nonliving donor, into the body to replace the recipient's failed kidneys | 120 | |
| 16513468328 | 2 days - 3 weeks | Period it takes most small nephroliths to pass out of the urinary tract naturally | 121 | |
| 16513468329 | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) | High-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel are used to break the stone into fragments which are then excreted in the urine | 122 | |
| 16513468330 | extracorporeal | Situated or occurring outside the body | 123 | |
| 16513468331 | percutaneous nephrolithotomy | the surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back | 124 | |
| 16513468332 | percutaneous | performed through the skin | 125 | |
| 16513468333 | ureterectomy | the surgical removal of a ureter | 126 | |
| 16513468421 | ureterorrhaphy | the surgical suturing of a ureter | 127 | |
| 16513468422 | ureteroscopy | treatment for a nephrolith lodged in the ureter | 128 | |
| 16513468423 | cystectomy | the surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder | 129 | |
| 16513468424 | ileal conduit (urinary ileostomy) | use of a small piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen | 130 | |
| 16513468425 | cystopexy | the surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall | 131 | |
| 16513468426 | cystorrhaphy | the surgical suturing of a wound or defect in the bladder | 132 | |
| 16513468427 | lithotomy | Physical examination position for procedures involving the pelvis and lower abdomen; surgical incision for the removal of a stone from the bladder | 133 | |
| 16513468428 | urinary catheterization | passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution into the bladder | 134 | |
| 16513468429 | indwelling catheter | remains inside the body for a prolonged time based on need based on need | 135 | |
| 16513468430 | urethral catheterization | performed by inserting a plastic tube called a catheter through the urethra and into the bladder | 136 | |
| 16513468431 | suprapubic catheterization | the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone | 137 | |
| 16513468432 | Foley catheter | the most common type of indwelling catheter; flexible tube with a balloon filled with sterile water at the end to hold it in place in the bladder | 138 | |
| 16513468433 | intermittent catheter | inserted as needed several times a day to drain urine from the bladder | 139 | |
| 16513468434 | meatotomy | a surgical incision made in the urinary meatus to enlarge the opening | 140 | |
| 16513468435 | urethroplasty | the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra | 141 | |
| 16513468436 | urethrotomy | a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture | 142 | |
| 16513468437 | ablation | the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function | 143 | |
| 16513468438 | electrocautery | Use of high-frequency electrical current to destroy tissue | 144 | |
| 16513468439 | prostatectomy | surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland | 145 | |
| 16513468440 | radical prostatectomy | the surgical removal of the entire prostate gland | 146 | |
| 16513468441 | transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) | the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope | 147 | |
| 16513468442 | retrograde ejaculation | the backward expulsion of semen into the bladder rather than out of the urethral opening | 148 | |
| 16513468443 | ARF | acute renal failure | 149 | |
| 16513468444 | BPH | benign prostatic hypertrophy | 150 | |
| 16513468445 | cath | catheterization | 151 | |
| 16513468446 | CKD | chronic kidney disease | 152 | |
| 16513468447 | cysto | cystoscopy | 153 | |
| 16513468448 | DRE | digital rectal examination | 154 | |
| 16513468449 | ESRD | end-stage renal disease | 155 | |
| 16513468450 | ESWL | extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy | 156 | |
| 16513468451 | PKD | polycystic kidney disease | 157 | |
| 16513468452 | TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate | 158 | |
| 16513468453 | UTI | urinary tract infection | 159 | |
| 16513468454 | Kegel exercises | a series of pelvic muscle exercises used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor to control urinary stress incontinence | 160 | |
| 16513468455 | Bladder retraining | behavioral therapy in which the patient learns to urinate on a schedule, with increasingly longer time intervals as the bladder increases its capacity | 161 |
