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Medical Terminology Chapter 1-3 Flashcards

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7300850548Cell MembraneStructure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell0
7300850549NucleusControl center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.1
7300850550ChromosomesRod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes2
7300850551CytoplasmAll of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane3
7300850552Endoplasmic reticulumNetwork of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Large proteins are made here from smaller protein pieces.4
7300850553MitochondriaStructures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell. Catabolism is the process that occurs here.5
7300850554AnabolismProcess of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.6
7300850555CatabolismProcess whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released.7
7300850556DNAChemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.8
7300850557GenesRegions of DNA within each chromosome.9
7300850558KaryotypePicture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.10
7300850559MetabolismTotal of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes catabolism and anabolism.11
7300850560Digestive SystemMouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas.12
7300850561Urinary or excretory SystemKidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), Urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body).13
7300850562Respiratory SystemNose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs (where the exchange of gases takes place).14
7300850563Reproductive SystemFemale: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands Male: Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland.15
7300850564Endocrine SystemThyroid gland (in the neck), Pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands16
7300850565Nervous SystemBrain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves17
7300850566Circulatory SystemHeart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland18
7300850567Musculoskeletal SystemMuscles, bones, and joints19
7300850568Skin and sense organsSkin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue.20
7300850569adipose tissueCollection of fat cells.21
7300850570CartilageFlexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea.22
7300850571Epithelial cellsSkin cells that cover the outside of the body line the internal surfaces of organs23
7300850572HistologistSpecialist in the study of tissues.24
7300850573LarynxVoice box; located at the upper of the trachea25
7300850574PharynxThroat. Serves as the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (going from the nose to the trachea).26
7300850575Pituitary glandEndocrine gland at the base of the brain.27
7300850576Thyroid glandEndocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.28
7300850577TracheaWindpipe (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes).29
7300850578UreterOne of the two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder30
7300850579UrethraTube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body31
7300850580UterusWomb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops32
7300850581VisceraInternal organs.33
7300850582Muscle Celllong and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing.34
7300850583Epithelial Cell(a lining and skin cell) may be square and flat to provide protection.35
7300850584Nerve cellmay be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses.36
7300850585Fat CellContains large, empty spaces for fat storage37
7300850586Epithelial Tissue38
7300850587Muscle Tissue39
7300850588Connective Tissue (Fat)40
7300850589Nerve Tissue41
7300850590Cranial CavitySpace in the head containing the brain & pituitary gland and surrounded by the skull. Cranial= pertaining to the skull42
7300850591PlueralIs a double folded membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them. IF inflamed, the cavity may fill with fluid.43
7300850592Thoracic CavitySpace in chest containing Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta (large artery).44
7300850593PeritoneumThe double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity. It attaches the abdominal organs to abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place.45
7300850594Mediastinum (part of thoracic cavity)centrally located space outside of and between the lungs.46
7300850595Abdominal CavitySpace below the chest containing organs such as kidneys, stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. AKA Abdomen or peritoneal cavity.47
7300850596Pelvic CavitySpace below the abdomen containing portions of the small and large intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters; uterus and vagina in the female.48
7300850597DiaphragmA muscular wall that divides the abdominal and thoracic cavities. Moves up and down and aids in breathing.49
7300850598Dorsal (posterior)Pertaining to the back50
7300850599Spinal CavitySpace within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord. AKA spinal canal.51
7300850600Pleural CavitySpace between the pleural layers.52
7300850601Ventral (anterior)Pertaining to the front.53
7300850602CervicalNeck Region (C1 to C7)54
7300850603ThoracicChest region. 12 Vertebrae (T1 to T12)55
7300850604LumbarLoin (waist) or flank region. 5 vertebrae (L1 to L5)56
7300850605Sacral5 Bones (S1 to S5) are fused to form one bone, the sacrum57
7300850606CoccygealThe coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of four fused pieces58
7300850607HypochondriacRight and left upper regions59
7300850608epigastricmiddle upper region60
7300850609lumbarright and left middle regions near the waist61
7300850610umbilicalcentral region near the navel62
7300850611inguinalright and left lower regions63
7300850612hypogastricmiddle lower region64
7300850613RUQRight Upper Quadrant65
7300850614LUQLeft upper quadrant66
7300850615RLQRight Lower Quadrant67
7300850616LLQLeft Lower quadrant68
7300850617Cervical (division of back)Neck Region (C1-C7)69
7300850618Thoracic (division of back)Chest Region (T1-T12)70
7300850619Lumbar (division of back)Loin (waist) region (L1-L5)71
7300850620Sacral (division of back)Region of the sacrum (S1-S5)72
7300850621Coccygeal (division of back)Region of the coccyx (tailbone). Composed of 4 fused pieces73
7300850622VertebraSingle backbone74
7300850623Vertebraebackbones (plural)75
7300850624Spinal ColumnBone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity76
7300850625Spinal cordNervous tissue within the spinal cord77
7300850626Disk (disc)Pad of cartilage between vertebrae78
7300850627Anterior (ventral)Front side of the body. EX forehead79
7300850628Posterior (dorsal)Backside of the body80
7300850629DeepAway from the surface81
7300850630SuperficialOn the surface. EX _________ veins can be seen through skin.82
7300850631ProximalNear the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure83
7300850632DistalFar from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure84
7300850633InferiorBelow another structure85
7300850634SuperiorAbove another structure86
7300850635MedialPertaining to the middle or nearer the medial plane of the body87
7300850636LateralPertaining to the side. EX when palms are facing outward the thumb is ______88
7300850637SupineLaying on the back89
7300850638ProneLaying on the stomach90
7300850639Frontal (coronal) PlaneVertical Plane that divides anterior and posterior portions91
7300850640Sagittal (lateral) PlaneVertical Plane that divides body into left and right sides92
7300850641Transverse (axial) PlaneHorizontal (cross-sectional) plane running across the body parallel to the ground93
7300850642Abdomin/oAbdomen94
7300850643Adip/oFat95
7300850644Anter/ofront96
7300850645Cervic/oNeck97
7300850646Chondr/oCartilage (type of connective tissue)98
7300850647Chrom/oColor99
7300850648Coccyg/oCoccyx (tailbone)100
7300850649Crani/oSkull101
7300850650Cyt/oCell102
7300850651Dist/ofar, distant103
7300850652Dors/oBack portion of the body104
7300850653Hist/oTissue105
7300850654Ili/oIlium106
7300850655Inguin/oGroin107
7300850656Kary/oNucleus108
7300850657Later/oSide109
7300850658Lumb/oLower back110
7300850659Medi/oMiddle111
7300850660Nucle/oNucleus112
7300850661Pelv/iPelvis113
7300850662Poster/oBack, behind114
7300850663Proxim/oNearest115
7300850664Sacr/oSacrum116
7300850665Sarc/oFlesh117
7300850666Spin/oSpine, backbone118
7300850667Thel/o Theli/oNipple119
7300850668Thorac/oChest120
7300850669Trache/oTrachea, windpipe121
7300850670Umbilic/oNavel, umbilicus122
7300850671Ventr/oBelly side of the body123
7300850672VertebroVertebra(e), backbone(s)124
7300850673Viscer/oInternal Organs125
7300850674Ana-up126
7300850675Cata-down127
7300850676Epi-Above128
7300850677Hypo-Below129
7300850678Inter-between130
7300850679Inter-within131
7300850680Meta-change132
7300850681-eal -iac -iorpertaining to133
7300850682-ismprocess, condition134
7300850683-osepertaining to, full of135
7300850684-plasmformation136
7300850685-somesbodies137
7300850686-typepicture, classification138
7300850687aden/oGland. (ex adenoma: tumor of a gland)139
7300850688arthr/ojoint.140
7300850689bi/olife141
7300850690carcin/ocancerous/cancer142
7300850691cardi/oheart143
7300850692cephal/ohead144
7300850693cerebr/ocerebrum (largest part of the brain)145
7300850694cis/oto cut146
7300850695crin/oto secrete (to form and give off)147
7300850696cyst/ourinary bladder; a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid)148
7300850697cyt/ocell149
7300850698derm/o dermat/oskin150
7300850699electr/oelectricity151
7300850700encephal/obrain152
7300850701enter/ointestines (usually the small intestine)153
7300850702erythr/ored154
7300850703gastr/ostomach155
7300850704glyc/osugar156
7300850705gnos/oknowledge157
7300850706gynec/owoman, female158
7300850707hemat/o hem/oblood159
7300850708hepat/oliver160
7300850709iatr/otreatment, physician161
7300850710leuk/owhite162
7300850711log/ostudy of163
7300850712nephr/okidney164
7300850713neur/onerve165
7300850714onc/otumor (cancerous)166
7300850715ophthalm/oeye167
7300850716oste/obone168
7300850717path/odisease169
7300850718ped/ochild170
7300850719psych/omind171
7300850720radi/ox-rays172
7300850721ren/okidney173
7300850722rhin/onose174
7300850723sarc/oflesh175
7300850724sect/oto cut176
7300850725thromb/oclot, clotting177
7300850726ur/ourinary tract, urine178
7300850727-ac -al -ic -icalpertaining to179
7300850728-algiapain180
7300850729-cytecell181
7300850730ectomyexcision, removal182
7300850731-emiablood condition183
7300850732-genicpertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in184
7300850733-globinprotein185
7300850734-gramrecord186
7300850735-ionprocess187
7300850736-istspecialist188
7300850737-itisinflammation189
7300850738-logyprocess of study190
7300850739-omatumor, mass, swelling191
7300850740-opsyprocess of viewing192
7300850741-osiscondition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used in blood cells)193
7300850742-pathydisease condition194
7300850743-scopeinstrument to visually examine195
7300850744-scopythe process of visually examining196
7300850745-sisstate of; condition197
7300850746-tomyprocess of cutting, incision198
7300850747-yprocess, condition199
7300850748a- an-no, not, without200
7300850749aut- auto-self, own201
7300850750dia-complete, through202
7300850751endo-within203
7300850752epi-above, upon204
7300850753ex- exo-out, outside of, outward205
7300850754hyper-excessive, above, more than normal206
7300850755hypo-deficient, below, under, less than normal207
7300850756in-into, in208
7300850757peri-surrounding, around209
7300850758pro-before, forward210
7300850759re-back, backward, again211
7300850760retro-behind212
7300850761sub-below, under213
7300850762trans-across, through214
7300853228215
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