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| 13156460 | Paul of Tarsus | coming from Caesarea in Palestine; was on a ship that went through a terrible storm and spent 3 months on Malta before being rescued by another ship to Rome; was Jewish and accepted Christian teaching; a crowd attacked him because he's Christian; appealed the court to Rome but lost because they thought that Christianity threatened the peace and stability of the Roman state | 0 | |
| 13156461 | Christianity | a sect of Judaism; for a short time, was a cult | 1 | |
| 13156462 | Rome | 8th century B.C.E.; several Roman kings were Etruacans | 2 | |
| 13156463 | Aeneas | a refugee from Troy who migrated to Italy when Greeks destroyed his land | 3 | |
| 13156464 | Romulus and Remus | descendants of Aeneas; she-wolf supposedly raised them; Romulus killed his brother and founded Rome and was the 1st king | 4 | |
| 13156465 | Etruscans | a dynamic people that dominated much of Italy and pushed Italy through rapid political and economic development; Greek fleets defeated them because they encountered a series of challenges from other people | 5 | |
| 13157404 | Roman Republic | deposed of last Etruscan king and replaced the monarch with an aristocratic republic | 6 | |
| 13157405 | Counsuls | wielded civil and military power; elected by an assembly dominated by hereditary aristocrats and wealthy classes, aka patricians | 7 | |
| 13166096 | The Senate | mostly made up of aristocrats with extensive political experience | 8 | |
| 13166097 | Tribunes | were people elected by the plebeians; the tribunes were there to represent the ideas of the plebeians; originally there were 2 and then there was 10 | 9 | |
| 13166098 | Dictators | whenever things got too out of hand and crazy they elected a dictator for about six months to settle everything back to a sense of equilibrium | 10 | |
| 13166099 | Cathage | Northern Africa | 11 | |
| 13166100 | Punic Wars | basically the wars between Carthage and the Hellenistic rulers, aka descendants of Alex; lasted like 118 years but they ended up on top; between 215 and 148 B.C.E., Rome fought five major wars, mostly in Macedon and Anatolia, against Antigonid and Seleucid opponents | 12 | |
| 13166101 | Latifundia | enormous plantations owned by the wealthy elites | 13 | |
| 13166102 | Gracchi Brothers | Tiberius and Gaius; worked to limit the amount of conquered land that any individual could hold; had little success cause the rich were pissed, and with their sneaky ways they were like, "uh-uh hun, we ain't goin down with out a fight!!"; so basically, fearing that they may gain influence over Roman affairs, they got killed. T in 132 and G in 121 | 14 | |
| 13166103 | Gaius Marius | one of the most important general; sided with social reformers who advocated redistribution of land | 15 | |
| 13166104 | Lucius Cornelius Sulla | the other most important general; a veteran of several foreign campaigns who allied with the conservative and aristocratic classes | 16 | |
| 13166105 | Civil War | Gaius Marius decided he was going to be an ass one day, and took his army and seized the city. he made his men kill all the guys that got on his bad side once in the past; to make matters worse, when he died Sulla decided that he was going to pursue his terror. he listed names of the people they wanted gone and the list basically encouraged people to kill the person and take their stuff. that lasted about 5 years and like 10000 people died | 17 | |
| 13166106 | Julius Caesar | he was nephew of Marius and he was a canny political leader; he played an active role in politics and he sponsored Gladiator matches; this thus made him very popular and he won election to posts in the republican government; he did a lot of stuff, and eventually, he decided that he needs to be dictator for life and he led a centralized gov't.; people were getting really pissy about how he had a lot of power, and they had nothing to do(senators) so the plotted his demise, and when he was like 54 they stabbed him to death; well, that wasn't such a great idea, the empire was already on shaky ground and killing the "dictator-for-life" didn't really help, but when things eventually settled down in a sense, Octavian came in the picture | 18 | |
| 13166107 | Octavian | in Caesar's will, he said that this boy (his nephew and adoptive son) will be the heir of the throne; in a battle Octavian defeated his principal rival, Marc Antony, who was with Cleopatra; they started calling him Augustus, which means semi-divine; he led a government that was a monarchy disguised as a republic | 19 | |
| 13166633 | Pax Romana | eventually the Roman empire got big; so the made this thing called Pax Romana which means Roman Peace; it persisted for two and a half centuries; facilitated trade and communication throughout the region from Mesopotamia to the Atlantic Ocean | 20 | |
| 13205704 | mare nostrum | "our sea"'; the Romans reffered to the Mediterranean Sea as their sea simply because of the numerous amounts of trade that occured | 21 | |
| 13206475 | pater familias | "father of the family"; this was generally the eldest man of the house, and he ruled the household; he'd decide marriage for the kids, and what job they would do and he could punish them too; he could even sell them to slavery | 22 | |
| 13253603 | Slavery | slaves may have represented as much as one-third of the population of the Roman empire; the slaves weren't very happy so they led a series of revolts, but one revolt especially stood out when Spartacus assembled an army of slaves that was pretty good | 23 | |
| 13253604 | Spartacus | an escapee slave that assembled an army of seventy thousand rebellious slaves; the romans had to release 8 legions to solve the nuisance | 24 | |
| 13253605 | Epictetus | was an Anatolian slave that became a prominent Stoic philosopher; | 25 | |
| 13253606 | Roman dieties | during the early days of their history, the Romans recognized many gods and goddesses; like Jupiter, mars, Ceres and Janus | 26 | |
| 13254629 | Cicero and Stoicism | Cicero was a stoic philosopher; his letters and treatises emphasized the individual's duty to live in accordance with nature and reason | 27 | |
| 13254630 | Mithraism | in Zoroastrian mythology Mithras was a god closely identified with the sun and light; women couldn't really be apart of this religion | 28 | |
| 13254631 | Cult of Isis | in this cult, women could be apart of it; the goddess Cybele and Egyptian goddess Isis; isis was saw to be a benevolent and protective deity who nurtured her worshipers and helped them cope with the stresses of life in cosmopolitan society | 29 | |
| 13254632 | Essenes | a sect of Judaism; you were accepted into this cult, by being baptized in water, and they took part in ritual meals | 30 | |
| 13254633 | Jesus of Nazareth | he was looked to be a charismatic Jewish teacher whom the recognized as Christ, or "the anointed one" | 31 | |
| 13254634 | Paul of Tarsus: Part II | Paul basically pursued the religion after the death of Jesus Christ and then he got exiled because back then the Romans didn't really like Christians... | 32 | |
| 13254742 | Bishops | oversaw priests and governed their jurisdictions according to their own best understanding of Christian doctrine | 33 |
