Terms : Hide Images
| 7957556145 | Memory | The ability to encode, store and retrieve information over time |  | 0 |
| 7957556146 | Encode | processing of getting information into the memory system |  | 1 |
| 7957556147 | Storage | Maintaining encoded information in memory over time. | 2 | |
| 7957556148 | Retrieval | process by which stored information is recovered from long term memory | 3 | |
| 7957556149 | Atkinson and Shiffrin | Information Processing Model -- to encode, store and retrieve | 4 | |
| 7957556150 | Atkinson and Shiffrin | Three Stage Model of Memory: multi-store memory model: sensory, short term, long term |  | 5 |
| 7957556151 | Sensory Memory | The first stop for external events. A split second holding tank for incoming sensory information. |  | 6 |
| 7957556152 | Short Term Memory | The stage of memory where information is stored for up to 30 seconds prior to either being forgotten or transferred to long term memory. |  | 7 |
| 7957556153 | Long Term Memory | Relatively permanent and limitless storage of memory. | | 8 |
| 7957556154 | Baddeley | a psychologist who introduced a newer understanding of short term memory that provided evidence for four components of working memory (phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, the central executive, and the episodic buffer) | 9 | |
| 7957556155 | Working Memory | an active subsystem of STM that temporarily stores and manipulates a limited amount of information needed to perform cognitive tasks. |  | 10 |
| 7957556156 | Phonological Loop | An area of working memory that stores a limited number of sounds (speech-based and acoustic) received from the echoic memory and/or LTM for up to two seconds unless information is rehearsed. |  | 11 |
| 7957556157 | Visual- Spatial Sketch Pad | holds visual and spatial info in working memory | 12 | |
| 7957556158 | Central Executive | An area of working memory that monitors, coordinates and integrates information received from the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer and LTM. |  | 13 |
| 7957556159 | Explicit Memory | Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." | | 14 |
| 7957556160 | Implicit Memory | Memory that does not require conscious recall; consists of skills and conditioned behaviors. | | 15 |
| 7957556161 | Non Declarative Memory | procedural memory, classical conditioning, priming |  | 16 |
| 7957556162 | Declarative Memory | It refers to memories which can be consciously recalled such as facts and events. | | 17 |
| 7957556163 | Semantic Memory | A subdivision of declarative memory that stores general knowledge, including the meanings of words and concepts. | 18 | |
| 7957556164 | Episodic Memory | A type of explicit or declarative memory that consists of personal experiences and events tied to particular times and places. |  | 19 |
| 7957556165 | Procedural Memory | memory for skills, including perceptual, motor, and cognitive skills required to complete tasks | | 20 |
| 7957556166 | Priming | An effect of implicit memory whereby exposure to a given stimulus "primes" or prepares the brain to respond to a later stimulus | 21 | |
| 7957556167 | Parallel Processing | processing multiple types of information at the same time | 22 | |
| 7957556168 | Automatic Processing | unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meaning | 23 | |
| 7957556169 | Effortful / Deep Processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort; (ex. studying - what you're doing right now) | 24 | |
| 7957556170 | Shallow Processing | encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words | 25 | |
| 7957556171 | Elaborate Rehearsal | Actively thinking about information in a way that ties it to other information in LTM (moves info from short term memory to long term memory) Encodes info into LTM. Goal is not to memorize but to understand Repetition that creates associations between the new memory and the existing memory |  | 26 |
| 7957556172 | Recall | A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test - no cues | 27 | |
| 7957556173 | Recognition | the process of matching a current event or fact with one already in memory. | 28 | |
| 7957556174 | Relearn | a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time | 29 | |
| 7957556175 | Spacing Effect | the tendency for distributed study of practice to yield better long-term retention that is achieved through massed study or practice. | 30 | |
| 7957556176 | Ebbinghaus | The course of forgetting is initially rapid, that levels off with time |  | 31 |
| 7957556177 | Iconic Memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second | 32 | |
| 7957556178 | Acoustic Memory | The processing and encoding of sounds , words and other auditory input | 33 | |
| 7957556179 | Chunking | Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory. | 34 | |
| 7957556180 | Mnemonics | learning aids, strategies, and devices that improve recall through the use of retrieval cues | 35 | |
| 7957556181 | Acronym | A word formed from the first letter of each word in a series |  | 36 |
| 7957556182 | Amygdala | Emotional Memory- triggers stress hormones that influence memory formation |  | 37 |
| 7957556183 | Cerebellum | the cerebellum plays an important role in both Procedural Memory and classically conditioned/ implicit memories |  | 38 |
| 7957556184 | Hippocampus | A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storage. |  | 39 |
| 7957556185 | Long Term Potentiation | an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory |  | 40 |
| 7957556186 | Eric Kandel | Who established that learning produces changes at the neuronal level, in turn facilitated by alterations in gene expression: | 41 | |
| 7957556187 | Engram | Lashley's term for physical trace or etching of memory in the brain | 42 | |
| 7957556188 | Karl Lashley | Studied the ability of rats to navigate mazes after he lesioned particular regions of their cerebral cortex. He concluded that memory was not localized to any particular region of the cerebrum. | 43 | |
| 7957556189 | Frontal Lobe | The frontal lobe is key for working memory and stores explicits memories for facts and information |  | 44 |
| 7957556190 | Flashbulb Memories | detailed recollections of when and where we heard about shocking events |  | 45 |
| 7957556191 | Eidetic Memory | (photographic memory) is popularly defined as the ability to recall images, sounds, or objects in memory with extreme accuracy and in abundant volume. The word eidetic (pronounced /aɪˈdɛtɨk/) means related to extraordinarily detailed and vivid recall of visual images, | 46 | |
| 7957556192 | Context Dependent Memory | If you learn something in a certain context you are more likely to remember it in that context. (seeing a teacher in the classroom vs. at a bar) |  | 47 |
| 7957556193 | Encoding Specificty | we encode information along with its context (underwater experiment) | 48 | |
| 7957556194 | State Dependent Memory | the phenomenon of recalling events encoded while in a particular state of consciousness. (remembering an appointment when youre drowsy, might not remember again unless drowsy) | 49 | |
| 7957556195 | Mood Congruent Memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood | 50 | |
| 7957556196 | Serial Position Effect | this tells us that the best recall of a list of items will be of those at the beginning of the list |  | 51 |
| 7957556197 | Primacy Effect | Recall is strongest for items at the beginning of a list. | 52 | |
| 7957556198 | Recency Effect | the more accurate recall of items presented at the end of a series | 53 | |
| 7957556199 | Anterograde Amnesia | an inability to form new memories damage to the Hippocampus |  | 54 |
| 7957556200 | Henry Mollison aka HM | He had complete anterograde amnesia, some retrograde, could still implicitly learn. Hippocampus removed for seizures. | 55 | |
| 7957556201 | Retrograde Amnesia | An inability to retrieve information from one's past. |  | 56 |
| 7957556202 | 7 Sins of Memory | Daniel Schacter's theory of why we forget |  | 57 |
| 7957556203 | Daniel Schacter | Harvard Psychologist thatspecified seven ways in which our memories fail us (three sins of omission(forgetting), three sins of commission(distortion), one sin of intrusion. | 58 | |
| 7957556204 | Transience | forgetting over time (Ebbinhaus) | 59 | |
| 7957556205 | Absent Mindedness | inattention to details leads to encoding failure |  | 60 |
| 7957556206 | Blocking | A failure to retrieve information that is available in memory even though you are trying to produce it | 61 | |
| 7957556207 | Retroactive Interference | Example of Blocking Newly learned material prevents successful retrieval of older memories. (RN) | 62 | |
| 7957556208 | Proactive Interference | Example of Blocking previously learned information interferes with the ability to learn new information Old infö prevents you from learning new info | 63 | |
| 7957556210 | Misattribution | A memory fault that occurs when memories are retrieved but are associated with the wrong time, place, or person. | 64 | |
| 7957556211 | Source Amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined | 65 | |
| 7957556212 | Suggestibility | effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories | 66 | |
| 7957556213 | Bias | Memories are not stored as exact replicas of reality; rather, they are modified and reconstructed during recall Our present knowledge, beliefs and feelings skew our memory for past events, said Schacter. For example, research indicates that people currently displeased with a romantic relationship tend to have a disproportionately negative take on past states of the relationship. | 67 | |
| 7957556214 | Persistence | the continual recurrence of unwanted memories | 68 | |
| 7957556215 | Deja Vu | the eerie sense that"I've experienced this before." Cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience |  | 69 |
| 7957556216 | Elizabeth Loftus | cognition and memory; studied repressed memories and false memories; showed how easily memories could be changed and falsely created by techniques such as leading questions and illustrating the inaccuracy in eyewitness testimony |  | 70 |
