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| 3468335872 | What are the dominant models of inheritance in the early 19th century? | Blended inheritance: hereditary material is mixed in the offspring, once DNA is mixed, it can't be separated Inheritance of acquired characteristics: parents can modify their traits based on use and can be passed on to their offspring | 0 | |
| 3468364127 | Who developed the particulate theory of hereditary? And what does it state? | Gregor Mendel. He proposed that parents pass on hereditary factors (genes) that remain distinct from generation to generation. | 1 | |
| 3468392924 | What made Mendel's work successful? | He studied traits that were qualitatively different and characters that only had 2 possible forms. He also kept very accurate, quantitative records of his work. | 2 | |
| 3468451654 | What is true breeding? | Crossing organisms who either have two dominant or two recessive alleles. | 3 | |
| 3468476502 | Which theory did Mendel prove wrong with his first experiment? | Theory of blended inheritance. In his first experiment, Mendel crossed true-breeding parents (a purple flower and a white flower) and the offspring were all purple, proving that DNA can be separated. | 4 | |
| 3468513718 | What did Mendel proposed about alleles? | 1. Heritable factors (genes) have alternate versions that specify traits 2. Offspring receives 2 alleles per trait, one from the mom and one from the dad. (Homozygous and heterozygous) 3. For 2 different alleles, one will be dominant which expresses the trait, and one will be recessive which carries the trait. | 5 | |
| 3468555583 | What did Mendel's principle of segregation state? | Character traits are determined by the combination of genes on homologous chromosomes. The 2 alleles for each character trait are separated during gamete production (anaphase) and reunited during fertilization | 6 | |
| 3468606847 | After crossing two heterozygous plants, what did Mendel conclude about their genotype and phenotype? | There was a 3:1 dominant to recessive phenotype and 1:2:1 genotype. | 7 | |
| 3468619623 | What principle did Mendel's dihybrid cross lead to? | Independent assortment. Segregation of alleles for one trait are independent of the segregation for a second trait. This is due to the random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase. | 8 | |
| 3468676340 | For _____________ genes, all possible gametes will be produced in ______________ numbers via meiosis. | unlinked, equal | 9 | |
| 3469058700 | When genes are linked, recombinant gametes can only be produced through _________________ . | crossing over (during prophase I of meiosis) | 10 | |
| 3469066326 | What happens during crossing over? | Chromatids of homologous chromosomes break and recombine. It is a reciprocal exchange of genetic material and occurs randomly. | 11 | |
| 3469092840 | Frequency of recombination is _____________ to the distance between two genes and can be used to _________ the relative positions of genes on a chromes. | proportional, map | 12 | |
| 3469126958 | Does the presence of a X or Y chromosome determine the sex of the child? | Y | 13 | |
| 3469135950 | Since makes can't be heterozygous for x-linked alleles, they are considered _________________ dominant or ______________ recessive. | hemizygous | 14 | |
| 3469158415 | What is incomplete dominance? | This happens when a heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype. Some gene products are present in limiting quantities and are thus expressed less than a homozygous dominant would. | 15 | |
| 3469172148 | What does polygenic inheritance state? | Many traits are determined by the combination of multiple genes. | 16 | |
| 3469184489 | For some traits both ________________ and ___________________ influence phenotype. | genotype and environment. | 17 | |
| 3469194111 | What is the benefit of pedigree analysis? | It allows you to trace one's family inheritances and allows prediction of how it will affect future offspring. | 18 | |
| 3469207970 | What are some autosomal recessive disorders? | Tay-Sachs disease, cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease. | 19 | |
| 3469229654 | What is the cause of Tay-Sachs disease? | It is due to a mutation of in HEXA gene that encodes lysosomal enzyme. This leads to a build up of fatty acid gangliosides in the brain and will be fatal. | 20 | |
| 3469264893 | Approximately how many European Americans are carriers of cystic fibrosis disease, making it one of the most common fatal diseases in the US? | 1/25. | 21 | |
| 3469270442 | Cystic fibrosis is due to what kind of autosomal mutation and what are the effects of it? | It is due to a CFTR mutation on chromosome 7 that increases mucus in the lungs due to high levels of extracellular chloride ions. | 22 | |
| 3469284728 | What is sickle cell disease? | It is when the red blood cells are abnormally shaped which can clog blood vessels. | 23 | |
| 3469292853 | What causes sickle cell disease? | It is due to a beta-hemogoblin mutation on chromosome 11. | 24 | |
| 3469310340 | Name two types of dominant inherited disorders | Huntington's Disease, achondroplasia (dwarfism), familial long QT syndrome | 25 | |
| 3469324527 | What causes Huntington's disease and what are the effects of it? | It is due to a mutation on the Huntington gene. This diseases causes a loss of motor control, cognitive problems, and dementia. It usually strikes individuals between 35-45 years old. | 26 | |
| 3469340932 | Some mutations _______________ a specific disease but some _________________ an individual to a disease. | cause, predispose | 27 | |
| 3469345926 | _______________ and ______________ also contribute to diseases. | Lifestyle, environment | 28 | |
| 3469361548 | Both BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 are what type of genes? | They are tumor suppressor genes that encode proteins involved in DNA repair. | 29 | |
| 3469376340 | What are the possible outcomes of genetic testing? | 1. Identification of known mutations in the gene are found 2. No mutations in the gene are found 3. There are parts of the gene that are unidentified | 30 | |
| 3469408819 | What is the QT syndrome and what can trigger it? | It is a heritable heart rhythm disorder than can cause fainting spells or sudden death. This is usually triggered by emotional or physical stress. | 31 |
