Used Theory and Design in Counseling and Psychotherapy by Susan X Day
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| 1817100572 | Abstinence: | means that they do not participate in client's fantasies or desires, to protect against fulfilling the analysts' own needs instead of the clients. | 0 | |
| 1817100573 | Analytical psychology: | Jung added another level of the unconscious; the personal unconscious consisted of memories and feeling that could be accessible to awareness. | 1 | |
| 1817100574 | Anima: | represents the feminine side of a man | 2 | |
| 1817100575 | Animus: | represents the masculine side of a woman | 3 | |
| 1817100576 | Anonymity: | means that the analysts' personal selves and lives are not topics for discussion. | 4 | |
| 1817100577 | Anxiety: | caused by the conflicts the ego has to mediate. | 5 | |
| 1817100578 | Archetypes: | which are universal characters that make up part of our personalities. | 6 | |
| 1817100579 | Attachment theory: | which concerns the way in which infant and caretaker form ties of affection and securing and in this relationship forge the infant's sense of self. | 7 | |
| 1817100580 | Borderline personality disorder: | Otto Kernberg developed an "expressive psychoanalytical approach" to this disorder; this disorder is considered extremely difficult to change; is marked by instability of interpersonal relationships (friends and romantic partners are never kept long but are very intense while they exist), unstable sense of self (lots of changes in opinions and plans), impulsivity (especially self-destructive actions), and drastic mood swings. | 8 | |
| 1817100581 | Collective unconscious: | beneath personal unconscious; which holds the experience of our species throughout history, all the way back to animal precursors. | 9 | |
| 1817164698 | Confession: | (Jungian Therapy) Reveal conscious and unconscious secrets, shared secret = beneficial / private = destructive; first of four stages of psychotherapy according to Jung | 10 | |
| 1817164699 | Corrective emotional experience: | the therapist functions as a person in a close relationship in order to provide this for the client; the therapist attempts to establish a relationship that can weather the client's frustrations and outbursts without punishment or abandonment. | 11 | |
| 1817164700 | Countertransference: | When the therapist puts their emotional baggage on the client; how I respond to the transference that was laid on me; the reaction says something about the other party, since the way one person responds to someone else is very likely the way other people do too. | 12 | |
| 1817164701 | Defense mechanisms: | when you are anxious your ego works out your favorite _____ _____ in order to redefine your reality to make it less threatening. | 13 | |
| 1817164702 | Denial: | commonly used defense mechanism; you simply do not see the bad things that are going on. Parents of child who is bullied at school may be blind to the signs of sever social problem for their child. They are protected from having to confront the ugly reality. | 14 | |
| 1817164703 | Deterministic: | psychoanalytic viewpoint; it maintains that our personality and behavior were fixed by the time you were about 6 years old. You do not have freewill. | 15 | |
| 1817164704 | Displacement: | commonly used defense mechanism; for various reason, you cannot act out your hostility to the person you are really angry at, so you take it out on someone less threatening. The classic story is the worker who gets yelled at by his boss and comes home to yell at his family and kicks the dog. | 16 | |
| 1817164705 | Dream analysis: | is frequently used in all four stages of Jung's psychotherapy; Jung saw dreams as revealing more than concealing meaning; not only can they reflect wishes and fears- they also might suggest solutions to a client's current dilemma, or enact in archetypal characters and stories the clients psychological state. | 17 | |
| 1817164706 | Dream interpretation: | Freud wrote that dreams were the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious activities of the mind; he was certain that the underlying meanings of dreams represent forbidden instinctual wishes; person's needs, fears, and characteristic ways of being are reflected in the dream. | 18 | |
| 1817164707 | Drives: | much of determinism has to do with the fact of basic ____, which are sex and aggression (in other terms, love and death); biological and inborn | 19 | |
| 1817164708 | Education: | third stage of four stages of psychotherapy according to Jung; the therapist helps translate the insights into responsible action in everyday life. | 20 | |
| 1817164709 | Ego: | the mediator between the superego and id; reality principle | 21 | |
| 1817164710 | Ego ideal: | the idea of what one would be like if perfection were attainable; the idealized parent is incorporated as the superego | 22 | |
| 1817164711 | Ego psychology: | improved reality testing and judgment are emphasized; one important goal is seeing the outside world as it is, without too much distortion from inner distress and transference. | 23 | |
| 1817164712 | Ego strength: | the capacity of the ego to pursue its healthy goals in spite of threat and stress (or perceived thread and stress) | 24 | |
| 1817164713 | Electra complex: | girls between the ages 3 and 6, want the opposite-sex parent all to themselves and hate the same-sex parent for monopolizing their love object. | 25 | |
| 1817164714 | Elucidation: | second stage of four stages of psychotherapy according to Jung explanation; clarification; shed light on darkness (Ex: "wow you sound really mad at what I just said.", "yeah, bc.......); which uses something like the Freudian processes of interpreting transference and countertransference, and achieving insight | 26 | |
| 1817164715 | Emotional insulation: | commonly used defense mechanism; you mask your pain by believing that you do not really care. The unconscious version, in contrast the conscious version of pretending you don't really care and knowing that you are pretending. | 27 | |
| 1817164716 | Empathy: | cornerstone of self psychology; the counselor is nonjudgmentally trying to enter the client's world encourages the client to describe feeling that he otherwise hides from self and others, and to identify the ways in which he hides them (frequently, rage and withdrawal). | 28 | |
| 1817164717 | Fantasy: | commonly used defense mechanism; you escape a real world that is aversive or boring by dreaming of a better situation. | 29 | |
| 1817164718 | Free association: | (psychoanalysis) person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing, in order to explore the unconscious | 30 | |
| 1817164719 | Grandiose self: | mirroring helps build this part of self; conveys to the child that he or she is perfect and the center of attention | 31 | |
| 1817164720 | Humanism: | an awareness of the values, capacities, and worth of people; and away from the strictly Freudian view of people as creatures motivated by sex and aggression and shaped by their attempts to fend off anxiety | 32 | |
| 1817164721 | id: | represents the drives in their raw, uncontrolled state; works according to the pleasure principle | 33 | |
| 1817164722 | Idealization: | second psychological need; the child needs to see the parents as all-powerful and flawless; builds second component of the self, the inner representation of the idealized parent | 34 | |
| 1817164723 | Identification: | commonly used defense mechanism; you get satisfaction and overcome inferiority feelings by allying yourself psychologically with a powerful, successful entity. Being a fan of a winning team is a mild example. Becoming a Nazi is a serious one. | 35 | |
| 1817164724 | Insight: | bringing into awareness conflicts and feelings that previously were inaccessible. | 36 | |
| 1817164725 | Interpretation: | consists of drawing inferences from what the client is saying, feeling, and enacting. | 37 | |
| 1817164726 | Introspection: | cornerstone of self-psychology; process where we look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives (we assume that we know ourselves best, that we have all the answers). | 38 | |
| 1817164727 | Mirroring: | First psychological need; to have their activities and efforts accurately noticed by the parents and admired lavishly or lamented empathetically; thus this refers to the accurate reflection of what the child is doing or feeling. | 39 | |
| 1817164728 | Narcissistic personality disorder: | is a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy that occurs across contexts. | 40 | |
| 1817164729 | Neutrality: | means that their interpretations are based not on personal opinion but on analytical thought. | 41 | |
| 1817164730 | Object constancy: | the ability to keep an image of the good object, even when frustrated by it | 42 | |
| 1817164731 | Object relations psychology: | views the relationship between self and objects as the organizing principle of the psyche; main psychoanalytic approach used in family therapy; is to revise impaired object representations. | 43 | |
| 1817164732 | Objects: | are mental representations of other people; Freudians who wanted to emphasize that at a certain point for infants, other people are merely objects for gratifying needs- objects are mental representations of the self and other people, and these mental representations of others are not to be confused with the actual person, who may not be accurately represented. | 44 | |
| 1817215595 | Oedipal stage: | boys between the ages 3 and 6, want the opposite-sex parent all to themselves and hate the same-sex parent for monopolizing their love object. | 45 | |
| 1817215596 | Penis envy: | a driving force in girls' and women's psychology is their disappointment that they do not have penises, first discovered when they notice their brothers', fathers', or schoolmates' appendages. | 46 | |
| 1817215597 | Persona: | An individual's pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting (can be false/mask like in order to fit in) | 47 | |
| 1817215598 | Pleasure principle: | id works through this; when the id is in charge we eat too much, drink too much, have sex promiscuously, beat each other up when angry, seek oblivion in reckless drug use, and basically act like we are constantly on spring break. | 48 | |
| 1817215599 | Projection: | commonly used defense mechanism; you attribute to others you own characteristic ways of being. For example: an insanely jealous person might see everyone else as driven by jealousy. Can also project positive aspects onto people; this defense mechanism could either normalize your own state or entail denying your own characteristic while accusing others of it excessively. | 49 | |
| 1817215600 | Psychoanalytic: | usually refers to a system that is strictly Freudian or extremely close to Freudian | 50 | |
| 1817215601 | Psychodynamic: | later version of Freudians; neo-Freudian; it involves certain premises and techniques that were later given up, even by therapists who still worked from a Freudian basis. | 51 | |
| 1817215602 | Rationalization: | commonly used defense mechanism; you create a logical reason to explain a painful experience and thus remove it from the sphere of feelings. | 52 | |
| 1817215603 | Reaction formation: | commonly used defense mechanism; you act and speak in opposition to impulses you wish you didn't have. | 53 | |
| 1817215604 | Reality principle: | the peacemaker, ego, works according to this principle which says; you can't act out your id urges but you can't live up to your superego in the real world either. | 54 | |
| 1817215605 | Regression: | commonly used defense mechanism; you behave as though you are at an earlier stage of development. Children with new baby siblings often revert to thumb sucking, bed-wetting, clinging, and other habits they have outgrown. Adults who return to their parent's home for a visit sometimes return to less mature behavior than they display elsewhere. | 55 | |
| 1817215606 | Relational theories: | which apply in counseling a range of normal people with various disturbances in social connectedness; object relations is foundational; put the need for connection with other people at the center of case conceptualization; the need for relatedness must make room for another basic motivation, agency- the need for mastery and autonomy | 56 | |
| 1817215607 | Repression: | commonly used defense mechanism; you forget painful experiences and situation. Trauma victims, in the past decade, have been subjects of investigation about repression of traumas such as wartime horrors and child sexual abuse. Repression is an unconscious process, some theorist think that if an experience is repeatedly suppressed (a conscious effort to forget about something) it can become repressed. | 57 | |
| 1817215608 | Resistance: | struggle to accept something; no matter how distressing, the territory we know is less threatening than the territory we haven't explored. | 58 | |
| 1817215609 | Schizoid personality disorder: | as lack of desire for human intimacy, and constricted expression and experience of emotions. Fairbairn's theory included schizophrenic, schizoid, and "high percentage of anxiety states and of paranoid, phobic, hysterical and obsessional symptoms" in the schizoid category; he believed the basis for all these was a disintegration of the ego; involving a failure to integrate opposites like loving and hating, active and passive, into a coherent self. | 59 | |
| 1817215610 | Secure base distortions: | children with selective but very disturbed attachments | 60 | |
| 1817215611 | Self: | expression of unity of personality; An individual's awareness of his or her own personal characteristics and level of functioning; difficult to define yet we use it everyday; unifies all the others in a whole, healthy psyche, is the most important archetype | 61 | |
| 1817215612 | Self-actualization: | means living up to our full potential as individuals and as members of society, and it is a concept that continues in the thinking of humanist psychologists. | 62 | |
| 1817215613 | Shadow: | our unacceptable urges and desires or darker self that is usually hidden from others. | 63 | |
| 1817215614 | Splitting: | when a mature view of positive and negative qualities does not gel, the person doing this vies self and others as all good or all bad. | 64 | |
| 1817215615 | Sublimation: | commonly used defense mechanism; you transform sexual and aggressive drives into a socially acceptable form. For example, teaching school and coaching sports are both exercises of power and can satisfy aggressive urges. Other types of work and creative expression may also absorb id energy. | 65 | |
| 1817215616 | Superego: | the angel on your shoulder; is the internalized civilization message from our parents- we often call it the conscience. | 66 | |
| 1817215617 | Suppression: | a conscious effort to forget about something | 67 | |
| 1817215618 | Termination: | final stage; the end of sessions with a client denotes a process of ending or completing, not quitting or stopping | 68 | |
| 1817215619 | Transference: | therapist becomes the object of a patient's emotional attitudes toward an important person in their life (ex: parent); is the current repetition of old patters of relationships that are firmly rooted in the personality. | 69 | |
| 1817215620 | Transformation: | third stage of four stages of psychotherapy according to Jung; actualizing of true self; self actualization is pursued and the therapist and client become equals in the pursuit. | 70 | |
| 1817215621 | Unconscious: | an area of mental life that is outside of awareness and perception, yet still affects the way we think, feel, and behave. | 71 | |
| 1817215622 | Working-through process: | material from the initial stage is gone over again at this more conducive, evolving stage; middle stage. | 72 |
