Vocab, people, places, and events for the Middle Ages
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| 126539419 | Reciprocal | mutual; given and received in return; exchangeable; interacting | 0 | |
| 126539420 | Self-Sufficient | able to supply one's own needs | 1 | |
| 126539421 | Domain | territory over which rule or control is exercised (controlled by lord) | 2 | |
| 126539422 | Fallow | uncultivated land | 3 | |
| 126539423 | Cultivated Land | arable land that is worked by plowing and sowing and raising crops | 4 | |
| 126539424 | Pasture | animal food for browsing or grazing | 5 | |
| 126539425 | Crop Rotation | The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil | 6 | |
| 126539426 | Cavalry | soldiers on horseback | 7 | |
| 126539427 | Medieval | of or referring to the Middle Ages | 8 | |
| 126539428 | Feudalism | a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service | 9 | |
| 126539429 | Primogeniture | A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New World for their financial purposes and individual wealth. | 10 | |
| 126539430 | Fief | a land grant | 11 | |
| 126539431 | Manorialism | An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production. | 12 | |
| 126539432 | Serfs | people bound to the land | 13 | |
| 126539433 | Chivalry | a knight's code of honor that required them tobe honorble, generous, , a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle | 14 | |
| 126551467 | Fidelity | fathfulness | 15 | |
| 126551468 | Oath | promise | 16 | |
| 126551469 | Trial By Ordeal | a primitive method of determining a person's guilt or innocence by subjecting the accused person to dangerous or painful tests believed to be under divine control | 17 | |
| 126551470 | Trial By Battle | the accused and the accuser fought a duel, the outcome of the duel determined guilty or innocent | 18 | |
| 126551471 | Compurgation | A group of people "swore" their man was innocent; character witnessing | 19 | |
| 126551472 | Peace of God | church decree that forbade knights to pillage church property and extended protection to all noncombatants in society | 20 | |
| 126551473 | Truce of God | Decrees fighting forbidden on weekends and Holy Days | 21 | |
| 126551474 | Feudal | of or relating to feudalism | 22 | |
| 126551475 | Clovis | king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy | 23 | |
| 126551476 | Pepin the Short | King oof the Franks who defeated the Lombards in Italy per the Pope's request. He gave the land he conquered to the Pope | 24 | |
| 126551477 | Pepin II | Mayor of the palace who made the position hereditary and united the Frankish kingdoms | 25 | |
| 126551478 | Charlemagne | King of the Franks (r. 768-814); emperor (r. 800-814). Through a series of military conquests he established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy. Illiterate, though started an intellectual revival. (250). He was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 | 26 | |
| 126551479 | Charles Martel | Nicknamed "the Hammer," he was a Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe. | 27 | |
| 126551480 | Count | a noble who acted as a local official within the Frankish Empire | 28 | |
| 126551481 | Aix-La-Chapelle | The capital of Charlemagne's empire | 29 | |
| 126551482 | Missi Dominici | officials appointed by Charlemagne who traveled throughout Charlemagne's empire, listened to complaints, reviewed the effectiveness of the laws, and made sure that the counts served the emperor rather than themselves | 30 | |
| 126551483 | Magyars | Muslims who attacked Europe and converted to Christianity and established Hungary | 31 | |
| 126551484 | Spanish Moors | Muslims from Northern Africa | 32 | |
| 126551485 | Vikings | known as the most fearsome of all the invadors, they came from Scandanavia because of a food shortage (800s) and pillaged many towns | 33 | |
| 126551486 | Troubador | A poet or musician who traveled around and entertained people with songs about chivalry and courtly love. | 34 | |
| 126551487 | Knight | an armed, mounted soldier of the feudal period who gave military service to a lord | 35 | |
| 126551488 | Castle | fortified home of a lord | 36 | |
| 126618849 | Scandinavia | region where the Vikings came from (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark) | 37 | |
| 126618850 | Vassal | Person recieving the fief | 38 | |
| 126618851 | Lord | person giving the fief | 39 | |
| 126618852 | Serfs | a person bound to the land and owned by the lord | 40 | |
| 126618853 | Moat | ditch dug for fortification; usually filled with water | 41 | |
| 126618854 | Parish Priest | priest who oversees the parish (smallest part of church) | 42 | |
| 126618855 | Sacraments | Sacred rituals performed by the Catholic church. There are seven: baptism, confirmation, marriage, communion, penance, holy order (becoming a priest), and extreme unction (words spoken at the death bed). | 43 | |
| 126618856 | Bishop | a clergyman having spiritual and administrative authority | 44 | |
| 126618857 | Diocese | the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop | 45 | |
| 126618858 | Archbishop | bishop of the highest ranking | 46 | |
| 126618859 | Archdiocese | A geographical grouping of one or more diocese under the jurisdiction of an archbishop | 47 | |
| 126618860 | Pope | head of Roman Catholic Church | 48 | |
| 126618861 | Curia | group of advisors to the pope drawn from the highest ranks of clergy | 49 | |
| 126618862 | Cardinal | (Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes | 50 | |
| 126618863 | Monasticism | a way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith | 51 | |
| 126618864 | Monastery | living quarters for monks and nuns | 52 | |
| 126618865 | Abbot | superior ruler of an abbey of monks | 53 | |
| 126618866 | St. Benedict | he founded a monastery in nothern Italy in the 6th century and wrote a set of instructions gonverning the lives of monks that was used by monasteries and convents across Europe | 54 | |
| 126618867 | Benedictine Rule | set of rules that govern monks' lives | 55 | |
| 126618868 | Canon Law | the body of codified laws governing the affairs of a Christian church | 56 | |
| 126618869 | Interdict | an ecclesiastical censure by the Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district | 57 | |
| 126618870 | Tithe | tenth of one's income paid to the church | 58 | |
| 126618871 | Lay Investure | a ceremony in which kings and nobels appoint church officials | 59 | |
| 126618872 | Simony | the selling of official positions in the medieval roman catholic church | 60 | |
| 126618873 | Inquisition | institution of the Roman Catholic Church that sought to eliminate heresy by seeking out and punishing heretics | 61 |
