Midterm flashcards for AP Euro
Terms : Hide Images
| 285055032 | history | the humanity and social science that seeks to interpret human behavior through the analysis of "all" known recorded records | |
| 285055033 | Facts | statements generally accepted as the truth | |
| 285055034 | Church | what was left after Rome fell, making it very powerfull | |
| 285055035 | grace | the thing that came from Jesus' death and allows you to reach heaven | |
| 285055036 | indulgence | a prayer which decreases your time in purgatory | |
| 285055037 | republic | a type of government in which leadership is elected by the public | |
| 285055038 | Charlemagne | first Holy Roman Emperor who developed a central government, opened universities and seminaries, and introduced feudalism | |
| 285055039 | Feudalism | system of social organization where warlords provide the power and the rest of the people cater to them | |
| 285055040 | Chivalry | the cult in the society of knights | |
| 285055041 | page, squire, knight | the ranks one must go through to become a knight | |
| 285055042 | Islam | the world's fasting spreading religion | |
| 285055043 | Muhammad | the founder of Islam | |
| 285055044 | Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem | three holy cities of Islam | |
| 285055045 | angel Gabriel | person who appeared to Muhammad in the desert | |
| 285055046 | Quran | Muhammad's written teachings of the angel Gabriel | |
| 285055047 | Shahada | pillar of Islam, the creed | |
| 285055048 | Salat | pillar of Islam, prayer five times a day | |
| 285055049 | Zakat | pillar of Islam, tax payed to the Islamic community | |
| 285055050 | Sawm | pillar of Islam, fasting during the holy month of Ramadan | |
| 285055051 | Hajj | pillar of Islam, holy pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina | |
| 285055052 | Medina | where Muhammad fled to, where first mosque was built | |
| 285055053 | shoes | what must be removed before entering a mosque | |
| 285055054 | honor killing | this can be done if a woman in an Islamic family dishonors the family in any way | |
| 285055055 | Mahdi | person who appears and leads Islam to prepare for the end of time | |
| 285055056 | Antichrist | person who leads the infidels to there death | |
| 285055057 | Suphi | mystics of the Islamic faith | |
| 285055058 | Suni | the Islamics who believe in the election of the successor of Muhammad | |
| 285055059 | Sheites | the Islamics who believe the closest blood relative of Muhammad should lead the Islamic community | |
| 285055060 | Copts | Christians in North Africa | |
| 285055061 | Roland | Charlemagne's top man who held of the Islams at the pass of Ronsavalass | |
| 285055062 | Seljyk | the Turks are unified under him during the third crusade | |
| 285055063 | Pope Urban II | the pope who started the crusades | |
| 285055064 | Richard the Lionheart | the main Christian leader of the Third Crusade | |
| 285055065 | Innocent III | led the fourth crusade | |
| 285055066 | cities | the place where one can find civilization | |
| 285055067 | cathedral | what is usually located at the center of a city | |
| 285055068 | masterpiece | what you must present to a guild to become a master | |
| 285055069 | bank | the first of these was established in either Vienna or Venice in 1171 | |
| 285055070 | Hanseatic league | the first collection of cities/merchants | |
| 285055071 | Pope Bonoface VIII | the pope who is challenged by philip IV, who believes the church should only be suptreme in matters of theology | |
| 285055072 | Pluralism | the ability to hold several positions at one time | |
| 285055073 | Pope Gregory XI | pope who starts in France but returns to Rome | |
| 285055074 | Urban VI | pope elected by the Italian papacy | |
| 285055075 | Clement VII | pope elected by the avignon (french) papacy | |
| 285055076 | Marsiglio of Padua | said the church is supreme in matters of theology, and rulers are supreme in matters of state, wrote The Defender of the Peace | |
| 285055077 | Council of Piza | 2 popes were kicked out of office and Alexander V was elected | |
| 285055078 | Council of Constance | 3 popes were kicked out of office and Martin V was elected, the Great Schism ended | |
| 285055079 | bubonic, pneumonic, septicaemaic | the three types of plagues that broke out | |
| 285055080 | bubos | large swellings that form on the body as a result of the bubonic plague | |
| 285055081 | blood, flem, black vile, yellow vile | the four fluids in the body that must be in balance for one to have good health | |
| 285055082 | Enclosure Acts | where landowners closed off the common land | |
| 285055083 | Edward III | king of England, tried to become king of France also | |
| 285055084 | Philip of Valois | king of France, but was fought by Edward III | |
| 285055085 | Crecy, Poitiers, Agincourt | the three main battles of the 100 years war | |
| 285055086 | John II | successor of Philip VI, is captured by The Black Prince at the battle of Poitiers | |
| 285055087 | The Black Prince | the man who captured John II, king of France, during the Battle of Poitiers | |
| 285055088 | Henry V | the English king who raids France at the battle of Agincourt | |
| 285055089 | Joan of Arc | a French peasant who aids Henry VII in becoming king of France | |
| 285055090 | nationalism | the philosophy of the people | |
| 285055091 | vernacular | the language of the people | |
| 285055092 | humanism | the philosophy that stresses the unique quality of man | |
| 285055093 | Petrarch | father of Humanism, wrote Sonnets to Laura | |
| 285055094 | Religious Humanists | these people enjoy life but believe that there is a God, Erasmus was one | |
| 285055095 | Secular Humanists | these people believed that humans have come so far, enough to eradicate God | |
| 285055096 | Erasmus | the first modern intellectual, a religious humanist, wrote In Praise of Folly | |
| 285055097 | Yon Hus | attacked the church for its secularism | |
| 285055098 | John Wyclif | showed the Pope had no right to claim secular authority, his followers were Lollards | |
| 285055099 | June | month when most people got married | |
| 285055100 | May | month when people would bathe once a year | |
| 285055101 | fat | the prized portion of the meat in animals, was used to make soaps and candles | |
| 285055102 | bells | these were produced to keep better track of time | |
| 285055103 | Gregory XIII | pope who changed, in 1582, from the Julian to Gregorian calendar | |
| 285055104 | Johannes Gutenburg | invented movable type (printing press) | |
| 285055105 | Luca Pacioli | invented double-entry accounting, the debits and credits | |
| 285055106 | Dante | wrote Divine Comedy, describing a trip through hell, purgatory, and heaven | |
| 285055107 | Thomas More | wrote Utopia, describing an ideal state based on reason and science | |
| 285055108 | Castiglione | wrote the book of Courtier, a book of etiquette | |
| 285055109 | Boccaccio | wrote the Decameron, ten people fleeing the plague and the stories they tell each other | |
| 285055110 | Joe Pico | wrote the Oration on the Dignity of Man, encouraged everyone to do all that they can | |
| 285055111 | Machiavelli | wrote the Prince and the Art of War, said that rulers must use means to achieve the goals of the state | |
| 285055112 | Donnatello | a sculptor, made a scupture of David in Copper | |
| 285055113 | TiTian | influenced post-renaissance art, painted on plaster walls and ceilings | |
| 285055114 | Raphael | painted three state rooms of the Vatican | |
| 285055115 | Leonardo da Vinci | painted Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, was a great inventor | |
| 285055116 | Michaelangelo | made the statue of David, painted the Cistine chapel | |
| 285055117 | mannerism | a type of art where there is suffering of the figures, who would then go to heaven | |
| 285055118 | Palladio | an architect, developed popular windows | |
| 285055119 | Botecelli | painted the Birth of Venus | |
| 285055120 | Hance Holbein | painted great portraits, portrait of Henry VIII | |
| 285055121 | El Greco | painted The Resurrection, was into mannerism, painted with big heads | |
| 285055122 | Yon Vonneyck | painted with great detail and mannerism, had animals in his art | |
| 285055123 | Albrecht Durer | an engraver who made woodcuts, Four Horsemen of the Apocolypse | |
| 285055124 | Calvin | founds the Calvinist Church, believed the bible was the final authority, and believed in predestination | |
| 285055125 | anabaptists and baptists | these two have a religion withour mystery, the menanites and the Amish | |
| 285055126 | Jacob Amon | founder of the Amish | |
| 285055127 | Meno Simons | founder of the Menanites | |
| 285055128 | Index of Prohibited Books | the book which said it is a mortal sin to own, read or preach any of a certain selection of books | |
| 285055129 | Council of Trent | council which rejected that saving is by faith alone, you must also have good works | |
| 285055130 | Piarists | religious order founded by St. Joseph of Calasanctius | |
| 285055131 | Jesuits | religious order formed by Ignatius of Loyola | |
| 285055132 | individualism | the philosophy of the value of the individual | |
| 285055133 | Thor Heilergal | wanted to know how people sailed to the Americas before 1400 | |
| 285055134 | Magellan | sailed around the world, only one of his ships made it back to Spain | |
| 285055135 | Erik the Red | one of the first Vikings to make it to North America | |
| 285055136 | Marco Polo | sailed around Africa and found China | |
| 285055137 | John Palaville | an explorer who started telling stories of cities of gold and silver | |
| 285055138 | Caravel | a small, highly maneuverable ship with 2-3 masts | |
| 285055139 | John Harrison and William Kendel | developed the chronometer, determined longitude | |
| 285055140 | Pedro Cabral | Portuguese sailor to discovered that you must go by the Cabrery Islands to then go across the Atlantic | |
| 285055141 | Bartholemew Diaz | first European to get around Africa, 1488 | |
| 285055142 | Vasco de Gama | first European to make it to India by sea, 1498 | |
| 285055143 | Amerigo Vespucci | sailed to the West Indies, has America named after him | |
| 285055144 | Giovanni da Verazano | explored the opening of the Hudson River | |
| 285055145 | Henry Hudson | found the Hudson Bay to the north, was killed by his crew | |
| 285055146 | Mutiny | an uprising of a crew against its captain | |
| 285055147 | John Smith | one of the founders of Jamestown, near the St. Lawrence River | |
| 285055148 | Ponce de Lyon | explored Florida, searched for the fountain of youth | |
| 285055149 | Pizzaro | conquered Peru and the Incas and established Lyma | |
| 285055150 | Hernando Desoto | explored Mississippi, Alabama, set up New Orleans, and found the Mississippi River | |
| 285055151 | Hernando Cortez | conquered the city of Vera Cruz and the Aztecs | |
| 285055152 | Cornado | went after the seven cities of gold, introduced the horse into the New World | |
| 285055153 | John Cabot | found Canada | |
| 285055154 | Christopher Columbus | made four voyages to the new world, first coined the term "indians" | |
| 285055155 | Syphilis | disease given from the New World to the Orld (European) world | |
| 285055156 | Africans | the race that made the best slaves | |
| 285055157 | Social Darwinism | the philosophy saying that the white man is the superior race | |
| 285055158 | Mercantilism | belief that there is limited resources | |
| 285055159 | bullion | gold and silver | |
| 285055160 | capitalism | government where individuals own, control, and operate the means of production in society | |
| 285055161 | Sir Robert Clive | took the East India Company for the British | |
| 285055162 | Battle of Plassey | the Mughals were defeated by the East India company | |
| 285055163 | Francis Xavier | opened Japan to European trade | |
| 285055164 | Red rose | the symbol of the house of Lancaster | |
| 285055165 | White Rose | the symbol of the house of York | |
| 285055166 | War of the Roses | the english civil war fought between the house of lancaster and the house of york | |
| 285055167 | Henry VI | house of Lancaster, king of England, went insane, married Margaret of Anjou | |
| 285055168 | Margaret of Anjou | wife of Henry VI, is pushed in and out of power in England throughout the war of the roses | |
| 285055169 | Richard Duke of York | seized the throne in 1460 after fighting Miss Maggie, but was later killed by miss maggie | |
| 285055170 | Edward IV | 2nd duke of york, defeats Miss Maggie and kicks her out of England (again) | |
| 285055171 | Battle of Dukesbury | Edward IV, aided by the Duke of Burgundy, defeats Miss Maggie | |
| 285055172 | Richard III | the younger brother of Edward IV who loses the young king Edward V and his brother Richard in the Tower of London | |
| 285055173 | Henry Tudor | defeats Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth field and becomes Henry VII | |
| 285055174 | Henry VIII | the successor of Henry Tudor who had many wives and had many people executed. He withdrew from the Roman church and formed the Anglican Church | |
| 285055175 | Catherine of Aragon | first wife of Henry VIII, never has a son | |
| 285055176 | Anne Boleyn | second wife of Henry VIII, has daughter Elizibeth I, accused of incence and was killed by a top French executioner | |
| 285055177 | Jane Seymour | third wife of Henry VIII, has a sickly son, Edward. She dies during birth | |
| 285055178 | Anne of Cleeves | was painted by Hance Holbein, married by Henry VIII and then quickly divorced | |
| 285055179 | Catherine Howard | fifth wife of Henry VIII, kept seeing her former lover, so she was executed | |
| 285055180 | Kathrine Pars | sixth wife of Henry VIII, she outlives him | |
| 285055181 | Edward VI | succeedor of Henry VIII, is killed by the Duke of Northumberland in 1583 | |
| 285055182 | Mary | daughter of Catherine of Aragon, tries to put Roman Church back in England, marries Philip II of Spain | |
| 285055183 | Breaches bible | the first english bible translation that wasn't that good | |
| 285055184 | Elizibeth I | daughter of Anne Boleyn, succeeds Mary, is known as the Virgin Queen | |
| 285055185 | Mary Queen of Scots | cousin of Elizibeth I, is found guilty in a murder plot of Elizibeth I and is executed | |
| 285055186 | Roberto Rudolphi | a Florentine baker who tries, but fails, to kill Elizibeth I | |
| 285055187 | Ed Campion and Bob Parsons | Jesuit priests who try, but fail, to kill Elizibeth I | |
| 285055188 | Franny Throtmorton | The Throtmorton Plot, he tried, but failed, to kill Elizibeth I | |
| 285055189 | Tony Babington | The Babington Plot, he tried, but failed, to kill Elizibeth I | |
| 285055190 | Seadogs | English ships who have a letter of maque to work for the English. They attacked Spain | |
| 285055191 | Francis Drake | a seadog who attacks and defeats the first Spanish armada | |
| 285055192 | King James Bible | a second english bible translation under King James I | |
| 285055193 | King James I | was also King James VI back in Scotland, was hideous, made the King James bible | |
| 285055194 | Guy Fawkes | he tried to blow up King James I and Parliament for the catholics, but failed | |
| 285055195 | King Charles I | succeeded King James I, he levied taxes without parliament's permission |
