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| 294577924 | Sub-Saharan Africa | The region south of the Sahara Desert in Africa; includes some of the world's richest deposits of minerals, yet still remains one of the largest regions of undeveloped natural resources in the world. | 0 | |
| 294577925 | Swahili city-states | established regional trade centers, where copper, gold, silver, lead, gum copal pottery, beads, and bronze came from Cambodia, China, Arabia, Egypt, Yemen, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Indian subcontinent | 1 | |
| 294577926 | Zimbabwe | a landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia, a country of southern Africa. Various Bantu peoples migrated into the area during the first millennium, displacing the earlier San inhabitants | 2 | |
| 294577927 | Hanseatic League | a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas | 3 | |
| 294577928 | Chivalry | a code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle | 4 | |
| 294577929 | First crusade | a Crusade from 1096 to 1099 | 5 | |
| 294577930 | Waldensians | people who led heretical movements against the church. They appealed to the biblical ideal of simplicity and separation from the world. | 6 | |
| 294577931 | Franciscans | founded by St. Francis; order stressed vows of poverty and gentleness to all creatures | 7 | |
| 294577932 | Dominicans | founded by St. Dominic de Guzman; vows of poverty; stressed missionary work; preached gospel and fought heresy | 8 | |
| 294577933 | Guilds | Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests | 9 | |
| 294577934 | Cathedral schools | Bishops and Archbishops organized these types of schools and invited well known scholars to serve as master teachers. Established formal curricula based on writings in Latin. Famous ones at Paris, Chatres, and Bologna. | 10 | |
| 294577935 | Universities | Degree-granting institutions of higher learning. Those that appeared in Latin West from about 1200 onward became the model of all modern universities. (p. 407) | 11 | |
| 294577936 | Hugh Capet | King of France elected in 987 and founding the Capetian dynasty (940-996) | 12 | |
| 294577937 | William of Normandy | landed on coast of England and defeated king harold at the battle of hastings. took a census known as domesday book, became king of england | 13 | |
| 294577938 | Pope Urban II | pope who called for the first crusade to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslims | 14 | |
| 294577939 | Saladin | sultan of Syria and Egypt | 15 | |
| 294577940 | St. Francis | founded orders of beggars and worked to pursuade heretics to return to the Roman Catholic Church | 16 | |
| 294577941 | Leif Ericsson | late 900's early 1000's son of Eric the Red; sailed to North America in about 1000 and explored what is today know as Newfoundland | 17 | |
| 294577942 | St. Thomas Aquinas | well-known mendicant saints in the Middle Ages. was brilliant and was taught by St. Albert the Great (Albertus Magnus). his most famous work is the Summa Thologiae. mystic and scholar | 18 | |
| 294577943 | Normandy | a former province of northwestern France on the English channel | 19 | |
| 294577944 | Newfoundland | breed of very large heavy usually black dogs developed in Newfoundland | 20 | |
| 294577945 | Toltecs | Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization. (p. 305) | 21 | |
| 294577946 | Mexica | The name given to themselves by the Aztec people | 22 | |
| 294577947 | Nan Madol | site of a massive stone palace built by the Sandeleur dynasty on Pohnpei (Oceania) | 23 | |
| 294577948 | Aztecs | (1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor. | 24 | |
| 294577949 | Incas | Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru | 25 | |
| 294577950 | Chinampa system | System in which farmers dredged up muck from the lake to plots of land, allowing some cultivators to grow up to seven crops a year | 26 | |
| 294577951 | Aztlán | mythological origin of the Aztecs | 27 | |
| 294577952 | Tezcatlipoca | (The Smoking Mirror): the Mesoamerican god of the night sky who was the giver and taker of life and the patron deity of warriors. | 28 | |
| 294577953 | Pueblo | a communal village built by Indians in the southwestern United States | 29 | |
| 294577954 | Navajo | the Athapaskan language spoken by the Navaho people | 30 | |
| 294577955 | Iroquois | a family of North American Indian languages spoken by the Iroquois peoples | 31 | |
| 294577956 | Mohawk | the Iroquoian language spoken by the Mohawk people | 32 | |
| 294577957 | Oneida | the Iroquoian language spoken by the Oneida people | 33 | |
| 294577958 | Onondaga | the Iroquoian language spoken by the Onondaga people | 34 | |
| 294577959 | Cayuga | the Iroquoian language spoken by the Cayuga people | 35 | |
| 294577960 | Seneca | the Iroquoian language spoken by the Seneca people | 36 | |
| 294577961 | Quipu | calculator consisting of a cord with attached cords, knotted cords of various lengths and colors used by the Inca to keep financial records | 37 | |
| 294577962 | Motecuzoma I | (Moctezuma or Montezuma) successor of Itzcóatl; powerful ruler of the Aztec empire; successful conquests from 1440 to 1469 laid down territorial foundation for the Aztec empire. | 38 | |
| 294577963 | Pachacuti | ... | 39 | |
| 294577964 | Teotihuacan | A powerful city-state in central Mexico (100-75 C.E.). Its population was about 150,000 at its peak in 600. | 40 | |
| 294577965 | Cuzco | The capital city of the Incan Empire, Located in present-day Peru | 41 | |
| 294577966 | Tenochtitlan | Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins. (p. 305) | 42 | |
| 294577967 | Cahokia | an ancient settlement of southern Indians, located near present day St. Louis, it served as a trading center for 40,000 at its peak in A.D. 1200. | 43 | |
| 294577968 | Mesoamerica | Mexico and Central America | 44 | |
| 294577969 | Nestorian Christianity | the human nature of jesus is emphcized | 45 | |
| 294577970 | Sharia | the code of law derived from the Koran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed | 46 | |
| 294577971 | Bubonic plague | the most common form of the plague | 47 | |
| 294577972 | Yongle Encyclopedia | second Ming emperor try to preserve chinese history and culture (name, type of book) | 48 | |
| 294577973 | Reconquista | The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492. | 49 | |
| 294577974 | Renaissance | the revival of learning and culture | 50 | |
| 294577975 | Marco Polo | Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324) | 51 | |
| 294577976 | Khubilai Khan | Last of the Mongol Great Khans (r. 1260-1294) and founder of the Yuan Empire. (p. 351) | 52 | |
| 294577977 | Rabban Sauma | was a Nestorian Christian priest whom the Mongols sent to the Pope to form an alliance against the Muslims. | 53 | |
| 294577978 | Hongwu | First Ming emperor in 1368; originally of peasant lineage; original name Zhu Yuanzhang; drove out Mongol influence; restored position of scholar-gentry | 54 | |
| 294577979 | Yongle | Reign period of Zhu Di (1360-1424), the third emperor of the Ming Empire (r. 1403-1424).Sponsored the building of the Forbidden City, a huge encyclopedia project, the expeditions of Zheng He, and the reopening of China's borders to trade and travel (355) | 55 | |
| 294577980 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. (pp. 355, 422) | 56 | |
| 294577981 | Leonardo da Vinci | Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect | 57 | |
| 294577982 | Donatello | Florentine sculptor famous for his lifelike sculptures (1386-1466) | 58 | |
| 294577983 | Michelangelo Buonarotti | 1475 - 1564; painted frescos in the Sistine Chapel, yet also a sculptor (sculpeted David) | 59 | |
| 294577984 | Raphael | Italian painter whose many paintings exemplify the ideals of the High Renaissance (1483-1520) | 60 | |
| 294577985 | Mirandola | italian. scholar of humanities- religion, law, history, philosophy. spoke of praise and dignity of human beings with some orthodox religious beliefs | 61 | |
| 294577986 | Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe | 62 | |
| 294577987 | Francesco Petrarca | Il canzoniere, an Italian poet famous for love lyrics (1304-1374) | 63 | |
| 294577988 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) | 64 | |
| 294577990 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. (p. 428) | 65 | |
| 294577992 | Bartholomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500) | 66 | |
| 294577994 | Khanbaliq | "city of the khan"; previously ruled by Jurchens but was new capital for the Mongols | 67 | |
| 294577995 | Melaka | The first major center of Islam in Southeast Asia, a port kingdom on the southwestern coast of the Malay Peninsula. | 68 | |
| 294577997 | Samarkand | Timur the Lame's capital city | 69 | |
| 294577998 | Baghdad | capital and largest city of Iraq | 70 | |
| 294578000 | Hangzhou | a city of eastern China on Hangzhou Bay | 71 | |
| 294578002 | Cairo | the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa | 72 | |
| 294578003 | Kilwa | one of many trading cities on the East African coast | 73 | |
| 294578005 | Constantinople | Previously known as Byzantium, Constantine changed the name of the city and moved the capitol of the Roman Empire here from Rome. | 74 | |
| 294578007 | Venice | the provincial capital of Veneto | 75 | |
| 294578009 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning (388 | 76 | |
| 294578010 | Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan, 1162 - 1227. | 77 | |
| 294578012 | Khanbaliq | "city of the khan"; previously ruled by Jurchens but was new capital for the Mongols | 78 |
