Miller and & Levine Biology Chapter 7
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| 11059807579 | cell | basic unit of all forms of life |  | 0 |
| 11059807580 | cell theory | fundamental concept of biology that states: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells | 1 | |
| 11059807581 | cell membrane | thin, flexible double barrier that surrounds all cells; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Made out of phospholipids and embedded proteins. |  | 2 |
| 11059807582 | nucleus | Serves as the control center for metabolism and reproduction in Eukaryotes, contains the cell's DNA |  | 3 |
| 11059807583 | eukaryote | organism whose cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus | 4 | |
| 11059807584 | prokaryote | unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus | 5 | |
| 11059807585 | cytoplasm | gel-like fluid that suspends and protects organelles and contains the materials involved in cell metabolism. |  | 6 |
| 11059807586 | organelle | specialized structure in eukaryotes that performs important cellular functions within a cell | 7 | |
| 11059807587 | vacuole | Large fluid-filled organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates (food and wastes) |  | 8 |
| 11059807588 | lysosome | cell organelle that breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell; involved with digestion of food within the cell |  | 9 |
| 11059807589 | cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments in a eukaryotic cell that gives the cell its shape and internal organization and is involved in movement; contains microfilaments and microtubles |  | 10 |
| 11059807590 | ribosome | cell organelle consisting of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in a cell; the site of protein synthesis (makes proteins) |  | 11 |
| 11059807591 | Golgi apparatus | organelle in cells that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell |  | 12 |
| 11059807592 | chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and other photosynthetic organisms; site of photosynthesis |  | 13 |
| 11059807593 | mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into ATP (the energy currency of the cell); the "powerhouse of the cell" |  | 14 |
| 11059807594 | cell wall | strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane, gives cell it's shape and provides protection; not found in animal cells |  | 15 |
| 11059807595 | lipid bilayer | flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings | 16 | |
| 11059807596 | microscope | device that produces an enlarged image of something very small |  | 17 |
| 11059807597 | Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) | electron microscope that is used to study the internal structure of cells |  | 18 |
| 11059807598 | Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) | electron microscope that scans the surface of the cell with a beam of electrons, and shows the specimen's 3-D image |  | 19 |
| 11059807599 | chromosome | Rod-shaped body of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes they are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm |  | 20 |
| 11059807600 | nucleolus | small dense region where the production of ribosomes begins and RNA is synthesized |  | 21 |
| 11059807601 | protein | a catalyzer of chemical reactions that carry out many essential functions in living things | 22 | |
| 11059807602 | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) | portion of ER studded with ribosomes; associated with synthesis and storage and transport of materials |  | 23 |
| 11059807603 | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) | portion of ER where ribosomes are not found on surface, serves as a pathway for transport of materials throughout the cell, also associated with storage |  | 24 |
| 11059807604 | contractile vacuole | specialized vacuole that pumps excess water out of the cell in paramecium | 25 | |
| 11059807605 | microfilament | threadlike structure made up of a protein called actin that supports the cell | 26 | |
| 11059807606 | microtubule | hollow structure made up of proteins known as tubulins | 27 | |
| 11059807607 | hydrophobic | water-hating | 28 | |
| 11059807608 | hydrophilic | water-loving | 29 | |
| 11059807609 | diffusion | process by which particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated | 30 | |
| 11059807610 | osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | 31 | |
| 11059807611 | homeostasis | relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain | 32 | |
| 11059807612 | tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function | 33 | |
| 11059807613 | organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions |  | 34 |
| 11059807614 | organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function | 35 | |
| 11059807615 | passive transport | movement of particles without the use of energy from the cell; from higher to lower concentration | 36 | |
| 11059807617 | Protein production sequence | DNA - RNA - Ribosome - Rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi Apparatus - Vesicle - Cell membrane - Outside the cell | 37 | |
| 11059807618 | Cellular level of Organization | Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ system - Organism | 38 | |
| 11059807619 | hypotonic solution | "below strength"; will result in water moving into the cell |  | 39 |
| 11059807620 | hypertonic solution | "above strength"; will result in water moving out of the cell |  | 40 |
| 11080538510 | cilia and flagella | hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement. Made of microtubules arranged in a "9+2" pattern | 41 | |
| 11081169729 | selectively permeable membrane | a membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through it | 42 | |
| 11081500301 | facilitated diffusion | Diffusion of specific molecules across cell membranes through specialized protein channels | 43 | |
| 11081526600 | Aquaporins | channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water across the cell membrane | 44 | |
| 11081582818 | isotonic solution | a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell | 45 | |
| 11081629757 | active transport | Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference | 46 | |
| 11081662597 | endocytosis | process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infoldings or pockets of the cell membrane that engulf the material and move it into the cell | 47 | |
| 11081689559 | Exocytosis | a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released out of the cell through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. | 48 | |
| 11328170393 | nuclear membrane | controls movement of materials in and out of the nucleus | 49 | |
| 11328188406 | centrioles | Located near the nucleus in animal cells; involved in cell division | 50 | |
| 11328207297 | cell plate | A double membrane across the midline of a dividing plant cell, between which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis (cell division) | 51 |
