Terms : Hide Images
| 725342210 | Cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | |
| 725342211 | Concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | |
| 725342212 | Prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to the prototype provides a quick and easy method for including items in a category (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin). | |
| 725342213 | Algorithm | a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem | |
| 725342214 | Heuristics | Sets of strategies, rather than strict rules, that act as guidelines for discovery-oriented problem solving. | |
| 725342215 | Availability Heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common | |
| 725342216 | Representatives Heuristic | a mental shortcut whereby people classify something according to how similar it is to a typical case | |
| 725342217 | Belief perseverance | situation in which one's beliefs continue despite the fact that the ground for the beliefs have been discredited | |
| 725342218 | Confirmation Bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions | |
| 725342219 | Language | A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning. | |
| 725342220 | Phonemes | smallest units of sound in the human language, like consonants or vowels | |
| 725342221 | Morphemes | smallest meaningful units of speech; simple words, suffixes, prefixes; examples: red, hot, calm, -ed, pre- | |
| 725342222 | Grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | |
| 725342223 | Syntax | the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences | |
| 725342224 | Semantics | the study of language meaning | |
| 725342225 | Receptive Language | ability to comprehend speech | |
| 725342226 | Productive Language | ability to produce words | |
| 725342227 | Babbling | gibberish resembling the sounds of a baby | |
| 725342228 | One-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words | |
| 725342229 | Two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements | |
| 725342230 | Telegraphic Speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram--'go car'--using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting 'auxiliary' words | |
| 725342231 | Noam Chomsky | linguist; believed that children learn the language of their environment, but believed that they acquire untaught words and grammar too quickly to be related to learning principles; universal grammar, language acquisition device | |
| 725342232 | Critical period | An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development. | |
| 725342233 | Wernicke's area | controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe | |
| 725342234 | Broca's area | controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech | |
| 725342235 | Motivation | a character's incentive or reason for behaving in a certain manner; that which impels a character to act | |
| 725342236 | Darwin and Instinct Theory | ... | |
| 725342237 | Drive Reduction Theory | the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need | |
| 725342238 | Homeostasis | a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level | |
| 725342239 | Need | the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal | |
| 725342240 | Drive | A state of tension produced by a need that motivates an organism toward a goal | |
| 725342241 | Maslow's hierarchy of needs | (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization | |
| 725342242 | Hunger | the physiological need to eat, experienced as a drive for obtaining food, an unpleasant sensation that demands relief | |
| 725342243 | Satiety | the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more | |
| 725342244 | Glucose | the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger. | |
| 725342245 | Insulin | Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glycogen or fat for storage. | |
| 725342246 | Pancreas | gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food | |
| 725342247 | Arcuate nucleus | hypothalamic area with one set of neurons sensitive to hunger signals and another sensitive to satiety signals | |
| 725342248 | Grehlin | hormone from stomach that stimulates hunger | |
| 725342249 | Orexin | hunger-triggering hormone secreted by hypothalamus | |
| 725342250 | Leptin | secreted by fat cells; signals brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger | |
| 725342251 | PYY | digestive tract hormone; sends "I'm not hungry" signals to the brain | |
| 725342252 | Set point | the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight | |
| 725342253 | Basal metabolic rate | the body's resting rate of energy expenditure | |
| 725342254 | Emotion | a positive or negative experience that is associated with a particular pattern of physiological activity | |
| 725342255 | Nervous System | central and peripheral; sympathetic and parasympathetic | |
| 725342256 | James-Lange Emotion Theory | a psysiolgogical response occurs, followed by the emotional interpretation | |
| 725342257 | Cannon-Bard Emotion Theory | Asserts that emotions and bodily reactions occur simultaneously. In emotional situations, our body is cued to react in the brain (emotion) and in the body (biological response). We tremble and feel scared in response to danger. | |
| 725342258 | Schacter Singer Two-Factor Emotion Theory | ... | |
| 725342259 | Spillover effect | arousal from one event can influence response to another |
