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| 6758968043 | John Snow | Epidemiology: identified and mapped the link between cholera outbreaks and contaminated water in SoHo London; one of the first to use geographic principles to explain the spread of disease | 0 | |
| 6758970439 | Vidal De La Blache | Possibillism: Human-Environment interaction states that humans have a wide range of potential actions within an environment and they can overcome the environment limitations placed upon them | 1 | |
| 6758972491 | Ellsworth Huntington | Environmental determinism: Climate and terrain were major determinant of the development of Civilization (past) | 2 | |
| 6758974076 | Warren Thompson and Demographic Transition model | A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth rate and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. The model explains the changes in the natural increase rate as a function of economic development and provides another interpretation of population grown. According to the model, at low levels of economic development, birth and death rates are high, but births will significantly outpace deaths. As a country develops economically, birth and death rates will both decrease, ultimately flattening out at the same low level. The total population eventually plateaus as birth and death rates converge. | 3 | |
| 6758974078 | E. G. Ravenstein | 11 laws of migrations Three most important: 1) most people move for economic reasons 2)most long distance migrants are young, single men and 3)most long distance migrants head for major commercial centers in foreign countries, seeking greatest economic opportunities | 4 | |
| 6758976192 | Thomas Malthus | This theory is the relationship of food supply to population growth. Hypothesized that: 1. Food production increases arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) 2. Population increases exponentially (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.) 3. Eventually, population will surpass our ability to produce food, leading to natural checks on population like war, disease, famine, death. Malthus was proven wrong because of technological developments that keep up with population growth | 5 | |
| 6758984936 | Carl Sauer and the Cultural Landscape | Human activity superimposes itself on the physical landscape and each cultural group leaves its own distinct imprints on that landscape | 6 | |
| 6758986459 | Richard Hartshorne: The evolution of boundaries | 1. Antecedent: prior to human settlement/development 2. Superimposed: laid over top of existing cultural boundaries, typically by colonizers 3. Subsequent: after human settlement of the "frontier" 4. Relict: ancient, no longer in use (typically marked by walls or other historical markers (the Great Wall of China) | 7 | |
| 6758988414 | Halford Mackinder and the Heartland Theory | 1. Whoever rules Eastern Europe commands the Heartland 2. Whoever rules the Heartland commands the "World Island" (Euraisa) 3. Whoever rules the World Island commands the world | 8 | |
| 6758990043 | Friedrich Ratzel and Organic Theory of Nations | States function like living organisms-Birth, Formative Development, Maturation, Decline, and Death-and they are eventually replaced with something new | 9 | |
| 6758992327 | Nicholas Spykman | RImland theory (counter to the Heartland theory) is/was the key to Global Political Power; whoever controls the Rimland rules Eurasia, whoever rules Eurasia rules the world | 10 | |
| 6758994168 | Mahan and the Maratime law theory | Sea Power Theory: Each country gets so many nautical miles off the coast that is in your control. Beyond those miles are considered international waters. | 11 | |
| 6758995719 | Immanuel Wallerstein and the Core-Periphery (World Systems Theory) | 1. Core: Most Developed Countries, High consumers 2. Semi-Periphery: Emerging economies, producers 3. Periphery: Less Developed Countries, Raw Materials and suppliers | 12 | |
| 6758997259 | Alfred Weber and Least Cost Location of Industry | Industries will locate where they can minimize costs based on the types of work they do (Bulk Gaining vs. Bulk reducing). The goal is to minimize costs of transportation of materials to markets. Labor is also a consideration (high/low skill). | 13 | |
| 6758998857 | W.W. Rostow and Modernization model (5 stages of development) | Modernization Model-5 stages 1. Traditional society 2. Pre-conditions to take-off 3. Take-off 4. Drive to maturity 5. High mass consumption (used to explain economic development) | 14 | |
| 6759003908 | H. Carey and the Gravity model | Used to predict the movement of people, info, and commodities between cities. The model takes into account the population size of two places and their distance. Technology has impacted interactions due to distance. | 15 | |
| 6759006163 | John Borchert and the Stages of Evolution of the American Metropolis (based on transportation) | 1. Sail-wagon epoch (1790-1830) 2. Iron Horse epoch (1830-1870) 3. Steel Rail epoch (1870-1920) 4. Auto-Air-Amenity (1920-????) 5. High Technology Explains the development of urban centers based on different types of transportation; cities develop differently based on different advancements in transportation | 16 | |
| 6759007682 | Walter Christaller and Central Place theory | Urban Hierarchy, Range, threshold, high/low order settlements and goods, hexagonal shape-identifies trade areas. Spatial distributions of cities of different sizes (hamlets, villages, towns, cities, metropolis-urban hierarchy) | 17 | |
| 6759009552 | Chauncy Harris and E.L. Ullman- Multiple Nuclei Model | Modern cities develop with many nodes and functions as cities within cities; similar activities are attracted to one another and will cluster inside of cities based on need/access | 18 | |
| 6759009553 | Homer Hoyt and the Sector Model | Cities are laid out in sectors, not rings, and certain areas of cities are more attractive than others. As a city grows it grows in wedges outward from the CBD. Best housing is connected to the CBD, industry and Retail areas develop in sectors along transportation routes. The serves as a refinement of the concentric ring/zone theory and claimed to represent the social pattern of Chicago | 19 | |
| 6759012722 | Mark Jefferson and Primate city vs. Rank Size Rule | Many countries have one of these (dominated economics, social/cultural, politics, population) -The other theory states that the second largest city is ½ the size of the primate city, third largest city is 1/3 the size, x-th city is 1/x the size of the primate city | 20 | |
| 6759016435 | T. G. McGee | Land Use in Southeast Asian Cities: old colonial port cities are surrounded by new commercial districts with no formal CBD | 21 | |
| 6759018358 | Sub-Sahara Model | De Blij, a famous geographer, created this. The topics of Africa remain under 40% urbanized and outside this area, the remaining regions are about 57% urban. Africa has the world's fastest growing cities, and the impact that European Colonialism has had is clearly evident | 22 | |
| 6759018359 | Esther Boserup | Agricultural Productivity Advances are made in order to provide for growing populations: 1. Forest Fallow 2. Bush Fallow 3. Shortened Fallow Periods 4. Annual Cropping 5. Double Cropping/Multi-Cropping Formalized the transition from extensive subsistence agriculture to more intensive cultivation; drawback is that increased use of land leads to loss of fertility | 23 | |
| 6759020888 | Ernest Burgess | Concentric Zone Model: Cities grow out from CBD- Five Zones: 1. CBD 2. Industry/poor housing 3. Stable working class 4. Middle class/consumer zone 5. Suburbs Explains the distribution of population based on land use and price of land. Transportation has impacted this model. | 24 | |
| 6759022905 | Johann Heinrich Von Thunen | Agricultural Location Theory (Concentric Circles) 1. Market (city) center 2. Market gardening and horticulture 3. Forest (for lumber/firewood) 4. Grains 5. Ranching (livestock) Close to the city center=multiple trips, highly perishable, low bulk to keep transportation costs low. Far from city center=few trips, less perishable, high bulk (only going once/twice). Farmers decide what to grow based on several factors, including the price of their yield for certain crops and the costs of producing that yield (Land, Transportation, bulk, perishability of product). Does not necessarily take into account transportation improvement | 25 |
